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Whig Party In England In the 18th and 19th Centuries, 1999.
Discusses origins, ideology, influence and power, leadership, platform, religion and economics.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The 18th century in England saw the destruction of the political structures that had been built up in the century before, as the political parties once in power lost their footing (or found themselves entirely transformed) to be replaced by different ones and as the power in the government shifted along institutional lines to the cabinet
From the Paper
"The 18th century in England saw the destruction of the political structures that had been built up in the century before, as the political parties once in power lost their footing (or found themselves entirely transformed) to be replaced by different ones and as the power in the government shifted along institutional lines to the cabinet. The result of these transformations was that the modern structures of the British government were in substantial ways established during the first and second quarters of the 18th century.1
By the middle of the 18th century, both Whigs and Tories found themselves changed from what they had been. This is hardly surprising, given how much history had changed around them since these parties had formed. It is in fact less surprising that they changed than that they survived at all. This is especially true of ..."
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Land In England In the 18th & 19th Century, 1999.
Examines the impact of the changing land policy on urbanization, economics, politics, class relations, laws and industrialization.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Land is the most fundamental of resources, the beginning and end of human wealth, the beginning and end of human identity. Where a person happens to be born defines their sense of identity forever; the reason that the dead are committed to the ground is in some measure because it reaffirms this human connection to place. The wealth of a person is tied to the land that she or he controls: A good farmstead, a poor claim, a reliable well make or break a person's fortune in the world.
In the 18th century, England - like other countries throughout the world at the time (and arguably in some measure still today) was a country marked by enormous distinctions of wealth, distinctions that were expressed in terms of owner ship of land."
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Women in 18th and 19th Century American Literature, 2004.
This paper discusses two popular works of American literature illustrating the position of women during the 18th and 19th century, "The Hidden Hand" by E.D.E.N. Southworth (1888) and "The Coquette" by Hannah Foster (1797).
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the way the main characters, Capitola Black, in "The Hidden Hand" by E.D.E.N. Southworth, and Eliza Wharton, in "The Coquette" by Hannah Foster, portray, in diverse ways,the progression of women in American society. The author points out that these literary works depict the struggles and victories of women as they fought their way towards progress and eventual liberation in the society. The paper states that, in Southworth's and Foster?s novels, the role of women progressed by adopting masculine characteristics while maintaining their femininity.
From the Paper
"Capitola Black, or Cap, in the novel The Hidden Hand is an example of a 19th century-woman who adopts a masculine personality in order to initiate progress in the society. This is a practical decision to make on her part, since she has been aware that opportunities, especially job offers, are limited for women and abundant for men. The development of Cap?s character in the novel is best embodies by a comparative analyses of the characters of Cap, Clara Day, and Mrs. Le Noir, which all embody the kinds of women existing during Southworth?s time. Cap, as mentioned earlier, is illustrated as a feisty woman, working her way up in the economic ladder by disguising herself as a young man: ?? And so because I was a girl there seemed to be nothing but starvation or beggary before me!... I felt bitter against Fate for not making me a boy? Yes, sir, and the only thing that made me feel sorry was to see what a fool I had been not to turn to a boy before, when it was so easy! And from that day forth I was happy and prosperous!? "
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The Catholic Question in 18th and 19th Century Ireland, 2002.
A study of the emergence and interaction of Penal Law, Middle Class, Nationalism,and Political Clergy in 18th and 19th century Ireland.
2,509 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that, not unlike the rest of Europe at the time, nineteenth century Ireland was host to a strange new period of politics. The growth and empowerment of a new merchant class that had had its foundations in the later half of the eighteenth century changed politics and strengthened or re-forged alliances. The paper examines one of the results of this which was the gradual re-empowerment of Catholics in the country during a moral and political battle between classes, parties, and English and Irish parliaments.
From the Paper
"Amidst the fear of French revolution and liberal republicanism, a period of oppression set in during the final decade of the 18th century. The rising sectarianism and agitation was a result of many factors not limited to events in France, but the resultant militarization of the government only helped to inflame the situation. By the close of the century the final results of this campaign were anything but apparent. The political force of the catholic middle class had largely been silenced through the 1797 Act banning public conventions, but this did not quell the need for communication between the Catholic underclass and Protestant minority."
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The Role of Women in the Opera During the 18th & 19th Centuries, 1988.
Correlates treatment of, & attitudes toward, women in opera of the 18th & 19th centuries to social treatement & attitudes toward women during those periods.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" The role of women in opera in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflected their roles in the society that produced this opera, as would be expected. The roles of both men an women in opera are, of course, heightened from what one would expect in real life and often even beyond what is found in drama, with the grand gesture and the even grander emotion expressed not just musically but in attitudes and behaviors. Catherine Cl?ment finds indeed that the attitudes expressed in the opera toward female characters extended to the female members of the audience:
Where were women in the structure of this edifice? In their place, of course. . . . Nothing comes along to disturb the social pyramid that makes the audience itself an ornament of the opera. Nothing will come later, in the nineteenth century when romantic opera(...)"
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Popular Religion in England - 18th Century., 2002.
This paper discusses the subject of popular religion in England during the latter part of the eighteenth century.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Included are the Church of England, the Catholic religion, the protestant religion, and many types just becoming popular during this period such as Unitarianism, Baptist, Methodist, and such. Included in the discussion is the expansion of England as a dominant force in Europe and its effect on the government's willingness to maintain a low-key attitude about religion. The latter portion of the eighteenth century ushered in a new era of freedom of religion and the key points leading up to this are discussed herein.
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Urban Change in 18th and 19th Century America, 2002.
This paper compares the functions of American urban centers in 1700 and 1900.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In 1700 urban centers in America were few, dominated by London and primarily administrative and service based. By 1900 they had become centers of manufacturing and the locus of Fordism. Also, they were significantly larger, more numerous and dominated by domestic central places rather than London.
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Art In the U.S. In the 18th and 19th Centuries, 1999.
Examines post-Revolutionary War and post-Civil War art as expressions of values of freedom and growth. Discusses styles, examples, major works and artists and European influences.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
"In the decades following the Revolutionary War Americans felt called upon to reaffirm the concepts on which their fight for freedom had been based. Thus the broadest trend in art and architecture was toward the severe neoclassical style that spoke of virtue and a fresh approach to the problem of organizing society.
From the Paper
"In the decades following the Revolutionary War Americans felt called upon to reaffirm the concepts on which their fight for freedom had been based. Thus the broadest trend in art and architecture was toward the severe neoclassical style that spoke of virtue and a fresh approach to the problem of organizing society. In the years after the Civil War the nation was also undergoing an adjustment, but this time the change was not related to political organization but to the radical changes inherent in the industrialization and rapidly expanding wealth of the young country. The response was an overwhelming growth in the arts accompanied by a split in sensibilities between those looking for an art that put a seal of cultural approval on industrial growth--usually turning to European models--and those who adhered to a more local vision."
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The Role of Women in 19th Century England, 2002.
This paper compares two essays about the role of women in 19th Century England written by Sarah Stickney Ellis (excerpt from ?The Wives of England?- 1843) and Jeanne Deroin (excerpt from ?Almanach des Femmos?- 1852).
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper defines that these two critical essays are essential studies of how women?s role in 19th Century English society shifted from one of subordination to a more liberal, even radical criticism of the society?s treatment of women. This paper discusses Ellis? essay, which talks about women?s subordination to men and Deroin's later essay, which criticizes the unjust and unequal treatment of the society to its women, particularly in their role as wives, mothers, and as women inside the family institution.
From the Paper
"Ellis? essay, an excerpt from her book, ?The Wives of England,? talks about the ways and actions a woman must portray in public in order to be considered an intelligent and ?rational? individual by her society. The essay is described as an advisory about the necessary actions a woman must do in order to make their husbands, or the men, ?feel like kings in their own households and thereby become aware of just how much they need their devoted wives.? Ellis started her essay by stating that the role of men in the society is essential and their role as the ?head of a household? are both vital functions to which the males of the society must attend. In effect, Ellis makes it clear that the role of women fades in comparison with the important work men must do to both maintain the stability and security of the society and his family."
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'Juvenile Delinquency': Its Evolution in Late 19th Century England, 2005.
Examines the so-called evolution of the concept of juvenile delinquency in late 19th Century England.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the so-called evolution of the concept of "juvenile delinquency" in late Victorian England. The object of the paper is to show that the notion of youth crime was considerably altered during this period--and has served as an exemplar of present-day systems.
From the Paper
"The notion that juvenile delinquency in particular and crimes committed by child and adolescents in general were separate from crimes committed by adults is considered a recent construct. In fact it was not until the first half of the the 19th century in England that such a notion first came about. A corollary to this was the idea that these types of crimes and criminals should be treated differently from hardened adult criminals..."
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Class Struggles in 19th Century England, 2002.
A look at England in the 1850's and the class struggles which existed between the landowners and the middle class, and the working class against the industrial revolution.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
An examination of the chaos existing in 19th century England and the causes and consequences. The paper states that England?s development of a dual class struggle -middle class vs. aristocracy and working class vs. middle class - arose for several reasons. The most immediate and obvious cause was the industrial revolution, which impacted the country economically, socially, and politically.
From the Paper
"The year 1850 found England in the midst of some remarkable transitions. First, in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, England was in the process of evolving from being an agrarian society into being an industrial one. In fact, the year 1851 would mark the first year when the number of people in England?s cities and towns was greater than the number of people in her rural areas (Hibbert 67).
"Second, for the first time in the country?s history, the landowners, also known as the gentry or aristocracy, found themselves losing political ground and cultural influence to the middle class. The Middle Class, strengthened by the Industrial Revolution, had battered its way into the House of Commons and successfully passed several reform measures, such as the Prison Act, and the Lunacy Act, measures that the aristocracy would not have undertaken if left to their own devices."
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Conservatism in 19th Century England, 2005.
A look at why conservatism dominated Europe in the first half of the 19th century.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the reasons why the dominant political ideology of 19th century Europe was conservative as opposed to liberal capitalist or communist. This paper describes the reasons Europe wanted to return to an old traditional society instead of continuing towards a more enlightened, liberal society in the first half of the 19th century.
From the Paper
"After the Defeat of Emperor Napoleon I in 1813 and his subsequent exile in 1815, Europe was at an end of three decades of political upheaval, continental war, and economic struggle. With Europe's victory over France came the recoil of the liberal ideological politics that had eroded the stability of modern Europe. Hundreds of thousands of people had been slain and the political and hierarchical traditions had been forever broken. "His conquests displaced a number of laws, institutions, and customs; broke through bonds sacred among all nations" (Perry, 153). The consequences of the Enlightenments rational thought was believed to have had been fully realized by conservatives. Europe had paid the penalty for their abandonment of tradition and religion for individualism and reason."
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Crime, Detection and Conan Doyle in 19th Century England, 2002.
A discussion on the Industrial Revolution and the multitude of changes in civilization that arose as a result of it, with particular reference to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?s creation of Sherlock Holmes.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses how Doyle and ?Sherlock Holmes? entertained generations of readers with the pure delight of escapist detective fiction, paired with the historical diaries and documents written by actual "bobbies" of the day. The writer examines how these famous detective stories give us a vivid picture of how both an author and his major character were shaped by the time, the conditions and the crime of their days.
From the Paper
?When people moved from farming to city and industrial jobs, change came in the ways workers were compensated, in their levels of independence from, or interdependence on, their neighbors, and, probably most noticeable of all, in the sheer amount of space each man could call his own?or maybe more precisely, the lack of space. Many of the teeming crowds in London's streets in the nineteenth century were made up of people living in dire poverty. And all too many were far too familiar with the dark side to this new form of civilization: the rise of more, and different, forms of crime.?
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Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
A discussion about the constructions of reality in Barnes' novel, "England, England".
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 1 source, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Julia Barnes' somewhat cynical view of reality as a human construction in her novel "England, England". The paper focuses on the characters' attempts to cope with reality and their desire to look past the constructions in their own and others' lives.
From the Paper
"In "England, England", Julian Barnes theorizes that what people perceive to be reality is merely a construction. He argues that people create this construction for themselves because of a desire to simplify their lives. What people consider to be true memories and actual history are distortions, no more real than stories, except in that people believe these memories and histories to be real."
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Constructions of Reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 1 source, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the theme of make-believe reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", which is presented through the character of Martha. The question posed is whether there even is such a thing as objective reality, and whether, if there is, it can satisfy anyone, and the conclusion appears to be that people ultimately prefer a constructed reality.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the novel, Barnes sets up the idea that reality, as people think of it, is constructed. Martha reasons: ?If a memory wasn?t a thing but a memory of a memory of a memory, mirrors set in parallel, then what the brain told you now about what it claimed had happened then would be colored by what had happened in between? (6). She continues by reasoning that ?an element of propaganda, of sales and marketing, always intervened between the inner and the outer person? (7). While a person may claim that he/she remembers something clearly, he/she has actually filtered and changed around the memory, infusing it with an element of make-believe."
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