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Western Influence in Japan, 2001.
This paper traces Japanese trade, European influence on this trade, and the internal power struggles resulting from European influence from the early 17th century to the late 19th century.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the European influence on Japanese trade and political power structure. It specifically reports on Japanese policies towards foreigners from the early 17th century to late 19th century, Commodore Perry and the effects of his visit, the Shimonoseki incident, the treaties Japan signed with foreign nations, and how the politics of Japan were influenced by foreign contact are all discussed. This paper outlines Japan's trade with Western civilizations from its beginning, marked by Francis Xavier's landing in Kyushu, through Nobunaga and his influence, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu.
From the Paper
"In 1551, a 19 year old lord of a small territory began his conquests in Japan, with the support of both European military technology and the missionaries. His name was Nobunaga. Nobunaga's main fear was that of the great power of the Buddhist monasteries, and, because of this, he welcomed the Jesuits to his captured territories, which included the capital, Kyoto. Nobunaga was assassinated in 1582, and his most trusted and successful general, Hideyoshi, came into power. Hideyoshi was a man who feared change, and his reforms showed this. He reinstated old laws, forcing samurai to stay with their lords, peasants to stay with their farms, and artists and artisans to stay with their villages. Hideyoshi, who, like his lord, feared the Buddhists, but unlike his lord did not trust the Jesuits, began to ban Christian missionaries, although the Christian church continued to operate underground in Japan."
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Western Influences on Japan, 2003.
A discussion on the effects of the West on Japan.
3,910 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the West has influenced and changed Japanese culture in the modern period. It examines Japan's distinctive value system, its predisposition to learning and influence of Shintoism and the emperor. The author explores the dynamics that affect contemporary Japanese life. It also mentions economic influences on Japan.
From the Paper
"While much is made of Japan's long historical tradition including the customs and values of social hierarchies, Japan has neither escaped nor rejected the realities of modern technology and global communications media which have exerted an impact in virtually ..."
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Foreign Influences on Japan under Tokugawa Shoguns, 1995.
This paper summarizes and examines the sources of foreign influence on Japan during the three periods of Tokugawa rule from 17th to 19th Century: Policy of Exclusion, trade, scholarship and science.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper summarizes and examines the sources of foreign influence on Japan during three periods of Tokugawa rule, 1603-1720, 1720-1830 and 1830-1868. All Japanese names have been Anglicized, thus shogun, not shogun. The thesis of this essay is that foreign influences survived in Japan, even during the period of eighty years following the adoption of the Exclusion Policy in 1639, and that thereafter, despite the continued strict but varying enforcement of the Exclusion Policy, those influences, primarily of Western origin, exerted a growing attraction in certain Japanese intellectual and ruling circles, and were an important factor leading to the eventual collapse of Tokugawa rule and the Meiji restoration of 1868.
Conditions Leading to the Policy of Exclusion
... "
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Oriental Influence on Western Fashion.
This paper discusses the history of oriental fashion and its influence on Western fashion.
5,210 words (approx. 20.8 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that clothing is rarely recognized as a political force; yet fashion and design may be one of the most internationally regarded forms of trade, communication, and influence among countries worldwide. The author points out that the Orient has been a wellspring of fashion influence for both the Eastern and Western world since ancient times; the Edo period in Japan was the beginning of several Japanese styles that remain popularized by Western culture fashions for centuries, including the "Kamishimo," worn by both males and females of the Samurai warrior class during special occasions featured stiff shoulder garments that crossed the shoulders and chest, elements vital to the Samurai image held by Hollywood and other popular culture creations in the West today. The paper relates that today very young Japanese girls, as seen in exported Japanese movies, manga comic books, and anime television, are setting global fashion trends, including miniskirts, short pants flared out at the bottom, and loose, baggy socks deliberately allowed to lap over the tops of their shoes.
From the Paper
"Fashion evolves as quickly as any other fast-paced element of society, never becoming stagnant. Some people are critical of the movement and growth of the industry, claiming it encourages people to become materialistic, rushing at every opportunity to spend more and more money on unnecessary items. However, this change and growth is precisely what makes fashion a true form of human expression. Diversity, experimentation, expression, and metamorphosis are what define human culture and fashion culture. As cultures touch, fashions exchange and spread. The in-look for the young rebels is eventually passed on to the older generations. The styles of one region are sent to another. "Young people, enjoy the diversity that changing fashion can apparently provide, seeing the constant change as a way to satisfy their desire to experience 'new' and 'interesting' things. Note too though that fashion can change to enforce uniformity, as in the case where so-called Mao suits became the national uniform of Mainland China." "
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Japan, 2002.
This paper discusses cultural influences on Japan during two specific periods: the Heian (~1000 AD) and Teisho (1912-1926 AD).
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Western influences predominated during the latter, influencing Japan's politics, economy, and family structure. The author points out that the influence of China on Japan is distant and historically obscured by the natural closeness of their cultures. The paper focuses on the more easily discernible differences brought on by colonizing forces from the west, specifically on the structure of the family and the national economy's transition from agricultural to heavy industrial and research.
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Music and Dance in Russia and Japan, 2002.
Music and dance/drama compared and contrasted between the western-influenced Russia, and the eastern ancient Japan.
1,534 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how music has been combined with drama and dance throughout history and across cultures. The writers takes Tchaikovsky's western-influenced ballets and compares them to the very dissimilar traditional Japanese Kabuki music. Some similarities are drawn that show how different cultures appreciate and embody the inherent drama in music. The paper includes backgrounds of Tchaikovsky, Japanese Kabuki in an historical setting, as well as full descriptions of the music. The last paragraph compares/contrasts the two, while drawing overarching conclusions about the universality of music.
From the Paper
"Since its birth, music has never been segregated out as ?pure music? as the modern term now implies, with no implications attached to the sounds themselves. More often than not, there is always some sort of abstract connection made to the music, whether it is an evocation of a program, a tool for communication, a symbol of power, or a means of connecting with the spirit or the supernatural. Often, music will be used to tell a story, because of its ability to create atmosphere, manipulate moods, and even imitate concrete sounds. This ability leads to the creation of music in many categories?namely music with drama, and programmatic music. Drama and music have been combined since ancient times, in the form of accompaniment or incidental music to theatrical works, or as in Western Europe, operas and ballets. Wagner himself termed his operas ?music dramas?, but his was definitely not the first, nor the last great marriage of the two arts. For instance, since before the seventeenth century in Japan, an art combining music, acting and dance called Kabuki has flourished. Kabuki stems from other Japanese forms called Noh and Bunraku, but whereas these two forms combine music and drama of sorts, Kabuki is by far the most lavish, and is a combination of these other two forms. Besides exhibiting far greater orchestral forces, there is also a strong emphasis on the dance. Likewise, across the continent at about the same time an art of schooled dance began in the courts in France, culminating to what we now know as ballet. Ballet itself was often found in segments of operas, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth century it became fashionable to create full-length story ballets, consisting of purely music and dancers telling a story. A prime example of the apotheosis of the ballet genre would be Tchaikovsky?s popular ballets, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker. Thus, the idea of music supporting dramatic action can be evidenced in both Japanese Kabuki, and Tchaikovsky?s ballets, although both display as many striking differences as similarities."
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Equality in Japan and China, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence of western civilization on the social status of women in Japan and China.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.
Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."
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Japan and the West, 2003.
A discussion on the influence of the West on Japan.
2,760 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses ways in which Japanese culture has been influenced by the West in the modern period. It explores historical contacts between the West and Japan and Japanese rejection of Western ways until after its defeat in World War II. It offers an overview of Japanese culture and philosophy. It reviews the impact of Western music, consumerism, feminism and how Japan has adopted Western culture to suit its own purposes.
From the Paper
"In order to appreciate how Japanese culture has been affected by the West in the modern period it is essential to get a picture of the context of Japan's exposure to the West in earlier periods. Whereas in other parts of Asia, notably China, Western influences ..."
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Imposing Western Human Rights on Non-Western Cultures, 2002.
Addresses the question which asks if the imposition of Western human rights values on non-Western traditions constitute a form of imperialism?
4,650 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 14 sources, $ 169.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to further explore the concept of human rights. A particular focus will be placed on the question of whether or not the imposition of western human rights values on non-western traditions constitutes a form of imperialism. At the root of the issue, it seems is the issue of what should weigh more, human rights or state sovereignty. In the end, of course, there is no definitive answer to this question. What it can, and will, do, however, is look at the dynamics of human rights in the international arena and comment on whether western rhetoric on human rights is in the sphere of imperialism, or neo-imperialism.
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Influence of Early Trade on Korea, 2000.
This paper is a discussion of the early trade routes as they relate to the Korean Peninsula.
4,912 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 46 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the trade routes that existed during the early period of Korean history when the kingdoms of Korea were developing a unique culture that interacted with the civilizations flourishing throughout Asia. The thesis of this paper is that it was the combination of the many contacts with the rest of Asia that resulted in the unique development of the Korean State and its role in influencing religious development in both China and Japan. It also discusses the relationships Korea had with the rest of Asia early in its history. This should set the stage for the reader to understand not only what influences were acting upon Korea in the pre-Choson period of Korean history, but the relevance of Korea in the early days of her history to the political and economic developments in Asia.
From the Paper
"Ships moving up the coast of China to Korea came to the city of Ch?u-chou, located at the juncture of the grand Canal and the Huai River, where ocean going vessels could meet smaller boats from the Yang-chou and the Yangtze River system to the south and the river craft of the upper Huai and Pien Rivers leading westward toward the capital region. (Reishauer p. 281) The route led from the Shantung the Yongdang Peninsula. There ships met a land route moving north forming a link with the trade route of the steppes. A more southern route and a southern route was from Chungju on the Shantung Peninsula to the Liaotung Peninsula and on to Lolang in Koguryo. The sea route continued down the coast of the river ports of the Han and Kum, Paekma, and Yongsan Rivers and there was routine boat traffic along the Tanjin in South Chungjan Province."
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Western Alliance, 1992.
An analysis of the benefits of maintaining and strengthening ties among U.S., Western Europe and Japan in the wake of the Cold War including economic, military, strategic and cultural issues.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"From the end of the Second World War to the late 1980's, global politics was dominated by superpower concerns. During the Cold War of that period, the United States helped establish a Western alliance to counter the build-up of Soviet military strength in Eastern Europe. A major feature of this alliance was Cold War of that period, the United States helped establish a Western alliance to counter the build-up of Soviet military strength in Eastern Europe. A major feature of this alliance was NATO, which was created for the mutual protection of the United States and Western Europe. In addition, the United States developed a post-war alliance with Japan. The U.S./Japan alliance traded U.S. military protection in the Pacific region developed a post-war alliance with Japan. The U.S./Japan alliance traded U.S. military protection in the Pacific region..."
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History of China and Japan, 2002.
This paper consists ofanswers one question about the status of women in China and Japan, and the other discusses foreign influences on political reform in Japan.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper consists ofanswers one question about the status of women in China and Japan, and the other discusses foreign influences on political reform in Japan.
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Japan's Modern Myths, 2007.
This paper discusses Japan as viewed in 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period' by Carol Gluck.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses Professor Carol Gluck's views regarding Japan as portrayed in Chapter 5 and 6 of 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period'. The writer points out that Professor Gluck argues that Japanese society was and is a society founded upon the values of the collective, rather than upon the individual. Further, the writer notes that her view of Japanese civic virtues is extremely broad and suggests that on every level of public and personal morality, the nation is given greater value than the lives of its citizens. The writer then discusses that, in Chapter 6, Gluck paints the period as a constant struggle between the forces of nationalism and collectivism versus the "social fever" for modernity, or Westernization, that is still present and, in Gluck's opinion, was a natural, human impulse in contrast to the expressed will of the state.
From the Paper
"Gluck suggests that the Meiji policies of the late 19th and early 20th century Japanese government leading up to World War II made civil obedience and national sacrifice a religious calling. Gluck's views of the causes of World War II thus take on a very socially deterministic cast. In her view, because the Emperor was divine, everything he did and was done in the name of Japan was seen as right and just. In terms of Japanese religion, although Gluck argues that although it might seem Buddhism had had a strong religious presence in Japanese morality, she believes this should not be over-emphasized, stating that Buddhism was often perceived as a foreign religion by the state In contrast, Gluck stresses the emphasis on the indigenous Japanese religion Shinto as a state religion. She sees Shintoism, as opposed to the imported philosophy of Buddhism, to form the true philosophy of the civil cult of the state. She points out that the Shintoists continued to press their claims for the institutionalization of Shinto as a separate office of state, apart from Buddhists."
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Influences of Confucian Traditions, 2004.
This paper examines the influences of Confucian traditions on Japan's post World War II economic development.
678 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Japan's remarkable economic success during the post World War II period, tying this in with the influence of Confucianism. The writer discusses that the basis of every company is the morale of the employees and that Confucianism in Japan promotes ideals such as industriousness and a strong work ethic, because of its emphasis on harmony and obligations. By examining work ethics at a micro-level the writer describes that one can perceive a clearer picture of why Japan succeeded to transform its economy.
From the Paper
"As Japan arose like a phoenix from the ashes after the destruction of World War II, great strides were taken to transform its economy. In contemporary society, it is a given that Japan is a global economic power. This was not always so. The remarkable transformation of the Japanese economy after World War II, was largely influenced by Confucianism an ideology that has had a long history in Japanese society and culture. This paper argues ... "
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Popular Culture in Contemporary Japan, 2002.
Examines the effect of American and Western pop culture on Japan.
3,343 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
The western world, most notably the United States, is a massive producer of what is commonly called "popular culture", that is, culture that is easily accessible to large audiences of people. This paper analyzes the ways in which western popular culture has managed to penetrate the Japanese marketplace. The paper focuses on the globalization of culture, the perversion of the internet, western television and western movies. It concludes with remarks and observations. For the most part, the paper focuses on American pop culture. However, influences from European sources are also discussed.
From the Paper
"Staying in the music realm, Japanese popular culture has managed to turn one of the icons of "normal culture" (Beethoven) into a Japanese popular culture event. This happens each New Year in Japan, when hundreds of amateur choirs spend months of rehearsal and join in singing Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (The Chorale). For weeks before the event, Japan's NHK television network dedicates entire programs to explain the meaning of Schiller's "Ode to Joy" and how to pronounce the words (Kazyuki, 1987)."
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