| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "WESTERN AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE": |
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Western African Slave Trade, 2002.
Discusses the history, organization and the scope of the West African slave trade between the 16th and 19th centuries.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The West African slave trade to the New World-North and South America-is not by any means the first example of slavery. In fact, the use of slaves for domestic and/or agricultural work has been part of every civilization and complex society from the earliest recorded times. However, when it comes to the scope and organization of the slave trade, nothing in recorded history matches what took place between the 16th and 19th centuries along the Western coast of Africa.
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The Slave Trade, 2002.
Examines the history of the African slave trade before the nineteenth century.
3,037 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The slave trade carried Africans far from their homeland, but the problem of slavery began in Africa as warring tribes captured members of other tribes and sold them into slavery. The paper shows that the slave trade in West Africa served the labor requirements of the New World and other areas for more than three centuries. The slave trade in West Africa began with the Portuguese in the fifteenth century and increased until it was a major trade linking Africa with Europe and North and South America. The paper examines how slave ships, heading for the New World, would stop at sites along the West African coast to pick up their human cargo, often purchasing members of one tribe from another. The Spanish and English would also become involved in the slave trade over the next two centuries and slavery in the New World in particular would be a matter of economic need because of an agricultural system that needed a large labor force for as little economic outlay as possible. The paper shows that when the Native American population did not prove viable as a labor force, the various European settlers turned to Africa and the slave trade to solve their labor problems.
From the Paper
"The entry of the Portuguese into Africa came at the same time as the Turkish Ottoman conquest of Africa's Mediterranean and Red Sea areas. Portugal at that time expanded into Africa's Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts and introduced new weapons and new demands for war captives throughout the continent. Different communities and different kingdoms adapted in different ways to this new supply of guns and new demands for war captives, and at the same time, Spanish, Dutch, British, French, German, Scandinavian, and Arab armed ships joined the Portuguese in demanding increasing numbers of young Africans for the international slave trade. This was during Africa's "early modern" period from 1600 to 1800, at which time the gold, sugar, tobacco, and cotton produced by African slaves in the New World contributed toward making more capital available for the "commercial revolution" taking place in Europe in banking, corporate stock arrangements, insurance, and investment houses. This trade then helped fund European expansion in overseas trade, colonization, and the scientific and industrial revolutions (Khapoya 92)."
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The Atlantic Slave Trade, 2002.
Presents the issue of the four hundred year trans-Atlantic slave trade from an Afrocentric perspective.
2,356 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The Portuguese arrival on the Gold Coast of Africa in 1439 brought the beginnings of the Atlantic Slave Trade, subjecting the continent to four centuries of depredation. The paper argues that the intensity of the suffering endured by the African people should be described nothing short of a Holocaust. By examining tragic facts in the form of tables, this paper analyzes the Atlantic Slave Trade from an Afrocentric point of view rather than from either a Eurocentric or even Africanist perspective. In other words, this paper makes little or no apology for presenting material from an African perspective or for identifying emotionally with African history. Instead the paper "presents an insider's perspective which more overtly embraces an African identity."
Paper Outline:
From Harmony to Holocaust
Africanist vs. Afrocentric Point of View
The Effect of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African Culture (in General)
The Effect of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Specific African Cultures
African Complicity?
The Problem Remains the Same
From the Paper
"The observations made by Tunde Obadina above are echoed in "The Maafa: A Holocaust of Greed." In this reading, the situation on the African continent resulting from the slave trade is described as one of pure chaos. Kingdoms would rise and fall depending on how well they filled the individual ?slave-quotas? dictated by the Europeans. Cultural continuity was almost a contradiction in terms as established groups would pass from the scene in quick succession, one after the other. So to ask if the African cultures were affected by the slave trade is go about understanding this situation in completely the wrong way. The effect was a given. Better to ask exactly how much damage was done to African culture as a result of the trade in Africans. This much is clear, the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was "an event which destroyed peoples and whole cultures, an event which would destabilize a continent, changing it forever.""
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The Atlantic Slave Trade, 2002.
This paper studies the reign of two African rulers, King Afonso I and Queen Njinga Mbande, showing that all the slave trade began with the consent of African rulers.
2,228 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The writer asserts that the slave trade from Africa to Europe was not possible without the aid of African leaders. The paper looks to prove that African leaders clearly participated voluntarily in the slave trade and that it wasn?t until the reign of and King Garcia II that the slave trade became an illegal trade in Africa.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Slaves and Social Structure
King Afonso
Queen Njinga Mbande
King Garcia II
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The slave structure that was in existence when Alfonso opened his country to Portugal was a transformation of an established social class. The jonya system which existed in the Western portion of Africa established a class of people in society that was part of a lineage and socio-political category that was part of the ruling class. In essence, they were captives belonging to the royal and were not transferable. Eventually, with the outside influence of Muslims and Christians, this system was replaces with the slave system in which the individual?s ownership was transferable (Ogot 15-16)."
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Patterns of Dislocation: The Slave Trade within Africa, 1990.
Examination of the slave trading era from the African perspective. Discusses how slave trade was the principle export of of sub-Saharan Africa. Also discussed are possible consequences such as depopulation and a depressed economy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"PATTERNS OF DISLOCATION
The Slave Trade Within Africa
The slave trade of the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries is known, in popular imagination, primarily for those parts of it in which Europeans or people of European descent participated directly. We can draw on vivid images of slave ships making the Middle Passage, or of slaves being sold on the block or working in the fields in the New World. But, though the kidnapping of Kunte Kinte figured in Roots, the African end of the slave trade is far less familiar.
Yet the slave trade was the principal export trade of sub-Saharan Africa through much of the slave-trading era. By the same token, the trade goods which European slavers brought in.."
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Slave Trade in West Africa, 2001.
This paper studies the history of the ongoing phenomenon of slave trade in West Africa.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper endeavours to explore the impact of the slave trade on West Africa. It examines how the historical injustices of the slave trade have undeniably affected West Africa detrimentally in the political, economic and social arenas. It details the recent discussions by leaders of nations historically involved in the slave trade as they determine what reparations can be made to the victims of this inhumane practice. It gives an historical overview of the slave trade in general and specifically in West Africa.
From the Paper
"Before embarking on the political, economic and social fallout of the slave trade on West Africa, it is important to give a brief description of this blight in history. From the middle of the 15th century, the Portuguese initiated the slave trade. They were followed by the Spaniards and at a lengthier period (1562) by the British. Then in rapid succession by the Dutch (approximately 1620), the French (approximately 1640), the Swedes, Danes and Prussians, before culminating in its most awful activities in the 18th century (Morel, E.D., 1920, 4). Foreigners conducted wholly unprovoked attacks on African villages and kidnapped the young people who were strong enough to work their sugar and coffee plantations as well as for domestic servitude in their homes. The export of Africans to the New World furnished the workforce for the colonial plantations and mines whose yield (gold, silver and, most importantly, sugar, cocoa, cotton, tobacco and coffee) were the principal components of global commerce (M?Bokolo, E., 1998, 2). The horror of the Africans being torn from their homes and their families is matched only by the horror of the number of Africans who perished in the course of transportation on the slave ships
??. the slaves could not turn around, were wedged immovably, in fact, and chained to the deck by the neck and legs?.not infrequently would go mad before dying of suffocation?.in their frenzy some killed others in the hopes of procuring more room to breathe?.men strangled those next to them, and women drove nails into each others? brains.? (Morel, E.D., 1920, 4)."
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Personal Perspectives and the Atlantic Slave Trade, 2006.
A new and different perspective on the Atlantic slave trade.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the personal perspective of the Atlantic slave trade. The paper discusses how the readers' previous beliefs were significantly altered because the facts that were presented, implicated Africa as a factor in the business of selling human lives. Traditionally students are taught that all citizens of Africa were victims in the slave trade and that the barbaric treatment that millions of Africans experienced was because of the actions of Europeans and Americans greedy for prosperity at any cost. The paper discusses how this historical ideology may be prevalent throughout society, but it is not completely factual. Additionally, it was difficult to accept the fact that individuals throughout Africa would allow the slave trade to continue, despite the fact that their fellow countrymen were being adversely affected.
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The Atlantic Slave Trade: Dispelling the Myth, 2002.
A discussion on how the Atlantic slave trade had its roots in African society as well as European.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that it was not solely the Europeans who began the Atlantic slave trade. African society, at the time of first contact with Portugal, already had an active slave system. The rulers of this time needed no persuasion to export their people. However, the rulers did have laws as to who could or could not be traded; it was the breaking of these laws that finally made the trade illegal in Africa.
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Islam and the Slave Trade, 2007.
This paper discusses the role of Islam in the African slave trade.
2,830 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the topic of slavery in the Islamic world with the intention of showing that, contrary to some popular myths, the slave trade was not a European invention but that there was already a well established industry in this regard prior to European colonization. In this article, the writer relates the contention made in many articles and studies, that the fact of slavery in the Islamic world has not received the same moral criticism and censure as the better known slavery in the European world. Furthermore, the writer notes that scholars also state that not only did Muslim slavery predate European slavery in Africa, but it has also been more resistant to abolition than European slavery; and in some instances the claim is made that the Islamic slave trade provided the model and motivation for slavery for other cultures and nations.
Outline:
Introduction
Evidence of the Pre-Colonial Islamic Slave Trade
The Characteristics of Slavery in Islam
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The fact of Islamic slavery is further substantiated by the attitude towards slavery from the tenets of the Islamic faith. In Islam and the Koran there is a general acceptance of slavery as part of social life. However this fact should come as no surprise, as slavery is one of human societies most endemic and ancient institutions; and a defense of slavery can, for example, be found in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible as a basic feature of human civilization. Neither were the Islamic nations the first to enslave Africans. Before them the Egyptians enslaved Africans on a large and systematic scale."
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Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade, 2006.
A review of the Atlantic slave trade from Africa to America.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how history has traditionally taught students that the Atlantic slave trade was about the capture and torture of African people by Europeans and Americans over a 400-year period. The involvement of the African people in the sale of their own citizens to slave traders has only been explored in the last few decades. The paper further discusses how this is perhaps due to the fact that the realization that a nation would sell its own people in exchange for goods is almost unfathomable; yet, it is a realistic fact of the Atlantic slave trade. The reasons behind Africa's involvement in this manner include economics, fear and a struggle for power. Although some historians contend that these reasons expressed monumental concerns of the rulers of Africa, it is also apparent that not all rulers of the regions believed that selling their citizens was a just course for the nation.
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The Rise and Fall of The Slave Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the reasons for the establishment of the transatlantic slave trade.
3,447 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rise and fall of the transatlantic slave trade between Europe and the Americas. It discusses the reasons behind the beginnings of the slave trade and the chain of events, from the first explorers, that was involved in its establishment. The paper then looks at the events leading to the rise of the abolitionist movement and its success.
From the Paper
"It is almost hard to believe that this time in human history ever existed. Looking back, it seems easy to recognize the points where the slave system became perverted and escalated to phenomenal heights. It has been argued, by Europeans, that the reason Europeans went on a conquest to rule the world was due to some superiority and higher calling. Through the study of more recent historians, it has been said that the most evil of all human sins is to desire complete control over another person. Historians have discovered that a possible reason, that Africans did not cause competition for the exploration and colonization of the uncharted world, is not because of industrial inferiority, but a result of cultural contentment with effective ways and means of life (Davidson, 43). The Africans did not seek to conquer because their world worked. The Slave Trade disrupted that world and caused the most devastating crime against humanity. The abolitionist movement, and slave rebellion, started the same year the first ship of African captives sailed for the West Indies. It is a sorrowful shame that no one listened then, but, thankfully, the abolitionists did not surrender until all British slaves were set free."
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Writing the Atlantic Slave Trade., 2002.
Discusses the methods of perspective relating to the history and narrative of the Atlantic slave trade.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the shifting value systems that have composed the history of the slave trade; this is, therefore, not specifically about the events that occurred during the activity of capitalism and slavery, geographies and cultures. It is about the texts, reading the narratives as methods for writing about history. As such, this paper considers history as a history of its own invention, through the differently constructed narrative accounts that reflect changing social and cultural value systems and how these have been written in-relation to the activities of the slave trade.
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The Atlantic Slave Trade, 2006.
This paper studies the demographic difficulties of researching the Atlantic Slave Trade.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the historical uncertainty and explains that despite this, researchers and historians have grasped upon incomplete and historically narrow bits of evidence to support claims of the demographic effect (or lack thereof) of the Atlantic slave trade. This essay examines some of the difficulties associated with the demographic study of the Atlantic slave trade.
From the Paper
"Despite being centuries old, much controversy still surrounds the study of the Atlantic slave trade. The trade occurred between the mid 15th century and the late 19th century (Manning 835). During this period, large numbers of Africans were imported to other parts of the world, particularly the Americas, where they served as a slave labor force in the plantation economies of the region. While study of this period seems to be a straightforward proposition, in reality there are difficulties. From a demographic perspective, it is entirely unclear exactly how many Africans were taken as slaves as part of the trade. It is also uncertain how many slaves made it to their destination alive."
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The Impact of the Slave Trade on West Africa, 2001.
This paper explores the impact of the slave trade on West Africa today.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical facts of the slave trade in West Africa and its impact on the degradation of its society today. The paper illustrates how the European colonial slave trade affects current political, economic and social issues of the region.
From the Paper
"According to recent studies, approximately 24 million Africans were abducted forcibly from West Africa alone and enslaved (Centre for Black & African Arts & Civilisation, 2002, 1). This paper endeavours to explore the ?impact of the slave trade on West Africa.? The historical injustices of the slave trade have undeniably affected West Africa detrimentally in the political, economic and social arenas. The gravity of such a negative impact is what leaders of nations historically involved in the slave trade are discussing as they determine what reparations can be made to the victims of this inhumane practice."
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The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade from 15th To 19th Century, 1994.
This research will focus on the Trans-Atlantic slave trade from its inception in the fifteen century, to the nineteenth century when it ended: Historical, social and economic reasons for European and African participation and their inability to see slaver
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research will focus on the Trans-Atlantic slave trade from its inception in the fifteen century, to the nineteenth century when it ended. While contemporary society views slavery as an abhorrent institution, it is the hypothesis of this research that Africans and Europeans of this earlier period did not believe slavery was evil, because all people at that time experienced some form of ownership over them. A European wife was owned by her husband, an African was owned by his lineage, and some slaves in Africa were more powerful than free men--becoming rich and owning slaves themselves.
Slavery is as old as mankind. There was never a time recorded when the institution of slavery did not exist. The securing of slaves by force, whether in war or peace, was a common practice in past eras. Even the tribal ... "
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