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Welfare: History, Review, Examination, 2007.
An examination of welfare and poverty in the United States.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines an important issue in America today - welfare and poverty. The writer discusses the history of welfare in America. The writer believes that there is no right or wrong way to go about reforming welfare because of its direct effect on human beings. The writer further suggests that reform should still offer assistance to those who need it while getting their lives back in order. The writer also points out that until the federal government steps in and alters the system, those in poverty will not receive much help and the taxpayer will continue to spend large sums of money but see no improvement. The writer concludes that it is up to the federal government to step in and modify or create a better system in order to help the people that need it the most.
From the Paper
"For decades, the United States government has provided financial assistance for those in poverty. Every day, the poor work minimum wage jobs in order to get by, only buying the necessities of life, if they can afford it. Many cannot manage to pay for insurance or a car, let alone the gas to put in it. Others eat meager meals or as little as possible to make their food last until the next paycheck. If they happen to have a spouse and children, it makes living a reasonable life even more difficult. The purpose of welfare is to help these people until they are able to find a permanent job and recover to a reasonable place in society. Welfare, though, has not worked to correct this problem and has instead become a societal plateau which many have decided to remain on. Welfare and poverty have changed over the years depending on where we were as a country and the federal government's position on assisting the impoverished."
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Social History-New History, 2008.
A look at new history and multiculturalism within the context of historical studies in Britain.
2,739 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conception of 'new history" or 'history from below' and states that it has its foundations in a wide range of connected disciplines and contemporary theoretical trajectories and stances. The paper comments that the foundation of 'history from below' lies in the questioning of the hegemony of old and more elitist views of history and the context of historical reality The paper concludes that the writing of 'history from below' provides a much-needed and important part of historical research and discourse in contemporary scholarship.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
British Multiculturalism
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In conclusion it should be noted that the "new history" and the stance that takes its point of departure from 'below" in Britain owes much to the earlier Marxist historians. These historians are in fact seen as the "progenitors" of contemporary "history from below." (Kaye 182) Given this legacy in the British context it is not surprising that much of the historical research has been focused on the marginalized and disenfranchised cultures and sections of the population.
"For example there has been a great deal of research on the Asian and Pakistan immigration to the country. After the Second World War there was a large scale immigration of Muslims from various counties including North Africa to Britain. The central reason for this was the need in Britain for cheap industrial labor and they "...turned towards their former colonies in South Asia and North Africa to fill labour shortages... (What perspectives for Islam and Muslims in Europe?) Research into this area has produced numerous studies dealing with the prejudice and the alienation that these immigrants experienced. This type of research clearly shows the link and the connection between 'history from below' and multiculturalism and also suggests that these two concepts are inextricably intertwinwed in this new approach to history. While there are many detractors and critics of this new historical approach, there are also many who see 'new history' as advancing the aims of the discipline."
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Impact of the Welfare Reforms on the Welfare System, 2002.
A paper exploring the relation between poverty and welfare reforms and the research potential of the same in the future.
2,130 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper studies how society decided that the poor should do something about their situation, they did not need to live on welfare and they should get jobs. Thus, in 1996 a welfare reform was introduced in the U.S. that came under the name of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, suggesting that the welfare provided to the poor in the nation would be temporary. The behavior of the individuals would be monitored until such a time when they changed their behavior and got jobs to support themselves. This paper studies the predictive impact of the welfare reform that took place on the poor of the urban areas and the associated factors.
From the Paper
"Most of the jobs into which welfare recipients are being pushed, while good enough for teenagers living at home with working parents, are not of much help to heads of households. Thus, not surprisingly, several studies have shown that inner-city residents cannot increase their households' incomes by taking suburban jobs.(6) Of course, a bad job is often better than no job. PRWORA, however, is not a jobs policy: it does not create new jobs. It simply assumes, in the absence of any evidence, that people will find work because they are being forced to do so. This presumption arose, in part, because of the modest success of many micro-level welfare-to-work programs that states have piloted during the past five years.(7)"
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Welfare vs. The Welfare State in Canada, 2002.
This paper covers the development and current state of the welfare system in Canada.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
Using Ben Carniol's "Case Critical: Challenging Social Services in Canada", as well as Larry Jonston's "Politics: An Introduction to the Modern Democratic State," this paper discusses the welfare state in Canada, the development of it and its shrinkage within the past one hundred year. The author shows evidence that the modern welfare state is shrinking in today's society because of the advancement of right wing politics and the decline of Keynesianism as a solution to the problems of the people of Canada.
From the Paper
"It is important to remember that Canada did not invent the welfare state, it was merely adopted during the development of the country. It was the adoption of these welfare state ideals, that has lead Canada to develop things such as free public Health Care, Employment Insurance, public education and welfare itself. Ben Carniol (2000) explains the welfare states creation in the terms of industrial England where it first surfaced in the modern form. The creation of a welfare state began when the capitalistic owners of large factories in England were beginning to become disgruntled by the constant visitation of representatives from the numerous charitable organizations that had formed in the country to help the poor and underprivileged survive in the new society that saw the factory owners compete for profits at the expense of the men who worked for them under sometimes extremely harsh conditions. It was agreed upon that some sort of central organization for the collection of charity from the owners would be necessary to ensure that the money was going to charity and not people who had begun cheating the system in order to make money for themselves."
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The Welfare System, 2006.
An overview of the American welfare system, its history, programs and problems.
1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the beginnings of the American welfare system and how it evolved over time into the network of welfare programs operating today. The paper also describes the purpose of the welfare system as well as some of the welfare programs that are available today to American citizens. Additionally, the paper looks at whether the present welfare system in the U.S. is achieving its objective of helping the poor and most vulnerable in society or whether it is failing to meet that objective.
From the Paper
"Until the nineteenth century, many people lived in large extended families, including grandparents, cousins, and other relatives, that worked together for generations of family farms, however, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, countries around the world shifted from primarily agrarian to primarily industrial economies, and during the late twentieth century, some of these nations shifted again and became primarily postindustrial, or service and information based, economies (Welfare pp). The tradition of large families living together began to disappear, and many began living in smaller families, consisting of only married couples and their children (Welfare pp). Moreover, the industrial and postindustrial jobs often depend on flexible and mobile workers, thus many people have to commute long distances from home to work, and may even have to relocate (Welfare pp). The majority of people in developed nations today have completely separate family and work lives because small, flexible families are better suited to these types of work patterns, however, small families do not provide the kind of social support that extended families do, and in addition, single-parent households provide even less support than the typical nuclear families (Welfare pp)."
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The Welfare State, 2006.
This paper details the history of the social welfare system in the United States from its inception in the 1930s to the present.
3,615 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the the history of social welfare in America, from President Roosevelt's "New Deal" plan in the 1930s to Clinton's reform of the welfare system. This in-depth paper focuses mainly on democratic presidents Roosevelt, Johnson and Clinton and their impact on social welfare. This paper contains detailed historical facts and research.
Topics covered in this report include:
The History of Social Welfare F.D.R's "New Deal" and L.B.J's "Great Society"
The 1996 Presidential Campaign
Changes in Welfare Reform since 1996 Election
Works Cited
From the Paper
""Under President Lyndon Johnson, social welfare programs were expanded. Johnson added food stamps, and welfare to the programs created by Roosevelt. The make work programs were over. Johnson's intentions were admirable. He saw great expanse between the wealthy and poor, and wished to raise the standard of living for the poorest of Americans."
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temporarily unavailable
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Economic Welfare, 2007.
Discusses the definition and history of economic welfare.
11,614 words (approx. 46.5 pages), 34 sources, APA, $ 226.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning of economic welfare as it has evolved over time and has been interpreted by various economists throughout the years. The paper notest that, like the market, the notion of economic welfare and where it is derived from seems to fluctuate according to circumstance, as well as perception and interpretation. The paper then traces the origins of concepts of economic welfare and maps its evolution toward its current understanding in relation to management research and competitive advantage.
Outline:
Introduction
What is Economic Welfare?
Origins
Analyzing Concepts
Economic Welfare in Relation to Different Types of Economic Systems
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The theory of competitive general equilibrium that culminated in the Arrow-Debreu-McKenzie (ADM) model is a beautiful formalization of Smith's insight. It remains the best rationalization we have of the viability of the market system. It also provides an analytical model that is still the workhorse of many areas of economics. But in spite of its subtlety and power, the ADM model hardly does justice to the richness of Smith's vision. The decision-making framework represented by the ADM model, which we take to be the paradigm of perfect competition, reduces the whole economy to a single auction market. Although the ADM model can be interpreted as a theory of general equilibrium in a complete economy, it does not take seriously the distinction between partial and general equilibrium."
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Current Social Welfare Policy, 2002.
A look at the effect of history on social welfare policies.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper defines, gives examples, and explains the relevance to the development of today's social welfare policy of the Protestant work ethic, settlement houses, almshouses, the Progressive Era, Social Darwinism, and the Dawes Act.
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Unwed Mothers Moving from Welfare to Work, 2002.
This paper is a research proposal, including an extensive literature review, which explores the relative importance of non-economic factors in predicting the level of difficulty unwed mothers will experience in moving from welfare to work.
10,210 words (approx. 40.8 pages), 62 sources, APA, $ 205.95
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Abstract
This paper is a proposal for a research project that evaluates the non economic factors faced by unwed mothers as they go to work: Personal health limitations, personal mental health problems, health and behavioral problems of dependent children, substance abuse, child welfare, domestic violence, housing instability, inadequate transportation and very low social skills. This paper includes a literature review that covers many areas such as economic issues of mal-distribution and political issues of welfare legislation especially the Welfare-to-Work Partnership. The author plans to collect data through the administration of survey questionnaires to both subjects? case workers and to the subjects themselves. Includes questionnaires.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Introduction to the Proposed Research
Description of the Issue
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Definitions of Major Concepts
Overview of the Study
Review of Literature
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Relevant Literature
Welfare State Concept
Welfare Reform
Employment and Welfare Reform
Welfare Reform Outcomes
Other Non-Economic Factors and Work
The Conclusions Relevant to the Study
Problem and Statement of Hypotheses
Methodology
Introduction
Research Design
Population and Sample
Data Collection
Instrumentation
Case Workers
Subjects
Subject Confidentiality
Data Analysis
From the Paper
"Past social legislation guaranteed all American citizens entitlements to food, shelter, and other basic necessities. This social contract, which prevented the need for triage, was the foundation of the American state for fifty years. In the name of personal responsibility, welfare reform has destroyed the entitlements of dependent populations. According to the welfare reform scenario, Americans would survive only by taking responsibility for themselves?the shiftless and irresponsible would lose their life-support system and sink or swim on their own."
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The Analysis of History, 2002.
Examines quotations by historian Thomas Carlyle and philosopher Karl Marx regarding history and the study of history.
1,423 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Historians approach the subject of history from different perspectives and interpret their findings according to underlying beliefs, attitudes, methodologies and even ideologies. Whatever method is used is usually found to be adequate and most correct by the person using it, but not all methods are equal. This paper examines two quotations regarding history and the study of history to show different views of what history is and how it is to be analyzed - "The history of the world is but the biography of great men" (Scottish historian, Thomas Carlyle) and "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle" (German political philosopher, Karl Marx).
From the Paper
"The kind of history envisioned by Carlyle would focus on individual leaders and their exploits as the subject matter of history and would define how history is studied. The lives of great men would be examined in detail, and the events of their lives would be attributed to their actions as warriors, statesmen, political leaders, and so on. History is organized around this idea when we talk of different regimes, as when we order British history according to the succession of kings and speak of different eras as Elizabethan, Victorian, Edwardian, and so on."
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Ontario Welfare System, 2008.
A discussion of the ability of service delivery models to assist lower income groups and the necessity of welfare systems to review their policies.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses concerns regarding the ability of service delivery models (SDMs) to give support to socio-economically challenged families and individuals in the community. The paper continues and relates that, although there is recognition of the need for welfare reform, policy changes have devolved in its efforts to support disenfranchised and socially excluded vulnerable groups. At the same time, the Ontario Ministry of Finance believes that the welfare restructuring will help the most vulnerable. In the course of this paper, these opinions are assessed and their subsequent impact on welfare services in Ontario determined. The research focuses mainly on the impact of the reforms on child welfare services and income support services for low-income families. The criteria used for the research is whether the reforms have increased the social inclusion and capacity of clientele receiving these services.
Outline:
Introduction
Welfare reforms
Impact assessment and evaluation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of welfare is not an issue that can be discussed without the need to delve in social, economic and political issues. Canada in general has been sensitive to social demographics and developments however there is also the realization that current demands on social services are stretching resources thin. Though there has been a number of a research highlighting the challenges of the current Ontario Works SDM, there is still significant room to facilitate the improvements. As it is, despite significant efforts to improve services and their delivery, the clientele of Ontario Works feel deficiencies in welfare services. There is no denying that there are parties who abuse welfare services, but this should not be the burden of people who really need welfare support. The prevailing perception is that policies have not just been unable to alleviate welfare concerns but have exacerbated concerns and limited the capacity of welfare services to respond to developing demands."
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Welfare In The United States, 2002.
Examines changes in the welfare system.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Examines changes in the welfare system. History of welfare, including public charity, settlement houses. Need for greater public assistance during the Great Depression. Broader public assistance. "War on Poverty." Growing welfare debate. Changes in the welfare system in the 1990s. Economic factors; minimum wage. Social and political influences.
From the Paper
"Introduction
The United States generally considers itself to have one of the strongest economies and highest standards of living in the world. Certainly there is evidence of the large numbers of material goods (and those who can afford them) in the nation's bulging supermarkets and retail malls. Despite this, there continue to be millions of Americans who depend on public assistance in order to remain above the poverty level, and many more who remain in poverty both with and without assistance. This research considers recent changes in the welfare system, including the economic, social and political factors that have influenced a more conservative approach to welfare in recent years.
History of Welfare in the United States
Until the twentieth ..."
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U.S. Welfare Reform, 2001.
Discusses impact of 1996 legislation on female welfare recipients and their children. Key reform provisions. Characteristics of women on welfare. Weaknesses of the welfare restructuring. Annotated Bibliography.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"With much fanfare, President Bill Clinton signed a welfare reform act in August 1996 that ended the federal government?s 60-year commitment to the provision of financial assistance to the nation?s citizens in need. Essentially, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) handed responsibility over to the state governments, abolished Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and set new requirements and time limits for welfare recipients.
According to Clinton and proponents of the new welfare law, the elimination of certain welfare programs and the creation of rigid requirements would provide an incentive for the poor to work, instead of relying upon the government?s financial ..."
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Canadian Economic History, 2002.
Examines the economic history of Canada, reflecting on its periods of National Policy, Welfare State and Neo-Liberalism.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Canadian economic history since Confederation can be divided into three broad categories. The era of the National Policy, the era of the Keynesian welfare state and, in the last twenty years the socio-political environment has shift hard right with 'neo-liberalism.' This paper briefly summarizes, delineates and differentiates these three central periods of Canadian economic history.
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