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Water Policy, 2003.
An examination of the water policies of both the U.S. and Mexico in the Rio Grande region of the Southwestern United States, the Rio Grande/ Rio Bravo River Basins.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political, social, and economic concerns placed on the limited and precious water resources in the Rio Grande area. The paper discusses the concerns of both agriculturalists and city planners as each bid for the limited resources of water. It deals with different policy concerns and debates in the upper and lower basins.
From the Paper
"These coalitions recognize the fact that policies concerning the river basin and its inhabitants are often made by lawmakers in the National Capitals and not by those who understand the local issues and concerns. Interest groups such as these are currently working to increase intra-basin collaboration both on watershed and basin wide levels, and to create a complex water management strategy to help raise public awareness of issues as well as influence policy makers for strategy enactment."
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Surface Mining and Water Quality, 2003.
An examination of the effects of surface mining on water quality and past and present policies.
1,457 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there is a chronology of water policies that concentrates on various uses and implicates specific laws as to what methods best insure water quality. Of particular concern is what happens when mines drain into waterways and what the policy makers are doing to assure clean water. By exploring the policies dealing with this issue, the author hopes to learn more about the mining system as a whole, understand what happens to water as affected by mines, and assess the policies that surround this issue.
From the Paper
"The second major policy that was enforced to protect waters from mining contamination was the Federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA). The Act was initiated in effort to minimize the adverse effects of mining on hydrology by maximizing the recharge capacity of mine sites. Recharging the capacity of a mine site maximizes the capability of a stream to return to its pre-mining conditions. To implement the recharge capacity provision of the SMCRA, a regulatory authority must first determine whether there is a useable ground water supply in the area to be mined."
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Canadian Bulk Water Export, 2007.
This paper provides a look at the various components of a controversial policy concerning Canadian bulk water export.
1,945 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses that water exportation has emerged as a serious matter for the Canadian government as the United States begins to cast covetous eyes northward. With that in mind, this paper looks at the environmental values in play, at the various government institutions at the heart of the matter, at the agencies/departments involved and at the relative strength of the present policy and what environmental policy tools were most likely used in its crafting. In the end, the writer notes that what should emerge from this study is the recognition that Canada may not have a perfect strategy, but at least a strategy of some kind is in place. The writer concludes that while the future is obviously still to be determined, Canada at least has a workable legislative framework in place to protect its water reserves.
Outline:
Environmental Values
Relevant (Government) Institutions
Pertinent Government Agencies/Departments
Relevant Organizations
The Quality of the Decision and the Environmental Policy Tools Used
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In any case, the 2002 amendments do follow a general pattern of greater federal involvement in the issue. For instance, the 2002 measure delineated above is actually an extension of prior amendments brought into effect the preceding year whereby the International Boundary Waters Treaty Act was modified in such a way that "bulk" water removal from the Canadian parts of the boundary waters - chiefly the Great Lakes - would no longer be permitted. Finally, a still-earlier report from March of 2000 (jointly written by the Canadian and American governments) entitled, Protection of the Waters of the Great Lakes, mandates that water removal from the Great Lakes should not proceed unless it can be satisfactorily proved that the ecosystem of the Great Lakes Basin will not be harmed. All in all, Ottawa has asserted itself on this matter and made it clear that it will use its legislative purview to establish laws protecting Canada's freshwater deposits; simultaneously, the Canadian government - as the chief international negotiator acting on behalf of all Canadians - has made a concerted effort to join with its American counterparts in deploring and discouraging the mass export of water from vulnerable boundary areas."
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Drinking Water in "Las Colonias", 2002.
A policy analysis regarding the Latino population along the Texas border which is suffering from poverty and water safety hazards.
2,690 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
"Las Colonias" are comprised of Mexican immigrants whose dreams were shattered when they realized the promise of the "American Dream" was merely a myth. This paper looks at the hazards of the drinking water in this region, and the government's policy in treating this problem. It analyzes whether the treatment is different because it is aimed at an immigrant population group.
From the Paper
"When we speak of Third World countries, the vision that comes to mind is usually that of impoverished, yet geographically distant communities, which are a supplemental concern to issues in our own country. However within the United States, Third World conditions exist that affect not only the indigent communities, but the surrounding communities as well. One of the most notable of these is the area along the U.S.-Mexican border known as ?Las Colonias?."
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Ballast Water, 2003.
This paper discusses the environmental hazard of ballast water, the water brought by various watercraft from all over the world and then discharged into the U.S. waters.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that ballast water brings along plants, animals, bacteria, and pathogens that have the potential to become aquatic nuisance species (ANS). The author points out that the Clean Water Act (CWA) of the U.S. protects the waters from chemical dumping, but does not regulate ballast waters. The paper relates that only 20 percent of the people residing in the U.S. are aware of the serious threats that ballast water poses to the marine ecosystem.
Table of Contents
Inherency
Economic and Environmental Damage Occur
The Clean Water Act Does Not Fully Cover
U.S. Citizens Aren?t Aware of the Many Threats
Harms
Ballast Water and its Dangers
Bio Invasion through Ballast Water
Zebra Mussels Have Caused Damaged of over $5 Billion in the Great Lakes
Vast Majority of U.S. Marine Life Are in Danger
Various Creatures Can Survive in Ballast Tanks
Solvency
From the Paper
"One predatory fish species could seriously harm the local ecosystem. The introduction of the Zebra mussels into the Great Lakes in USA has infested over 40% of internal waterways. It has already cost the United States of America $ 5 billion, a phenomenal amount. Moreover, even after spending this amount there is no solution in sight as to how they can be eradicated or even contained."
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Privatization of Water, 2008.
Compares and contrasts two articles on the privatization of water: Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and Joshua Ortega's "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O".
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at the articles "Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O" by Joshua Ortega. The writer notes that the two articles share a common theme: that the privatization of drinking water resources is harmful and dangerous. The writer discusses that authors differ, however in how they appeal to readers, the techniques employed to create common ground with their audience, the political/economic philosophy employed and solutions suggested.
From the Paper
"Ortega also uses an analogy between the oil crisis and an impending water crisis. He attempts to frighten readers that future wars over water will be far worse than today's over oil. He refers to the scandal-ridden former energy corporation Enron several times. Neither author acknowledges opposing points of view. It could be suggested that governments can regulate privatized water companies or that competition among such companies could lead to more and cheaper water - the idea behind free market capitalism.
"The authors differ in the techniques used to promote reader action. Ortega suggests a set of primarily feel good options for American consumers - all within the context of America's democratic process. The C.C. speaks to what organizations can achieve than what individuals can do."
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The Value of Water, 2008.
An explanation of the importance of water in our lives.
1,311 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth explanation of the importance and value of water, providing statistics relating to parts of the world where it is scarce. It also explains the importance of recylcing and not wasting water as well as the need to keep drinking water pure.
Outline:
Water Is a Most Precious Resource
Important Facts about Water
The Increasing Value of Blue Gold or Water
The Effects of Water Scarcity
The United States and Water Scarcity
The Importance of Recycling Water and Preventing Pollution
From the Paper
"Water is invaluable to the global world and to the lives of millions of people who struggle to obtain water. Water is important to economic activities including irrigated agriculture, transportation, hydroelectric energy, and other types of industries (Ghadar, 7). Many people do not realize that over 97% of earth's water can not be used for agriculture, drinking, or other uses (Ghadar, 7). Basically, many people never stop to think about the importance of water because they live in developed countries that have access to plenty of water. What these people fail to realize is that water will become scarce in these countries if water continues to be consumer faster than it is replenished."
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South African Water Wars, 2004.
An examination of the struggle of 'water wars' and privatization of water in South Africa.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Historically, the availability of water in South Africa has always been a problem, and this problem is mainly attributed to its geographical and climatic conditions. This paper explains that, out of the 40 million people of South Africa, 40% are deprived of the appropriate supplies of drinking water. Both urban and rural settlements are dependent on the scarce distribution of water resources by the state. It discusses how the state, on the other hand, has granted the distribution of the water supplies to a foreign company and has led to an increasing, ultimate deprivation of the water supplies for the poor, who had to choose between bread and water. It explains how this selection led to the outburst of cholera back in the year 2000, killing 300 people and infecting more than a quarter of million people.
From the Paper
"In the year 2000, Suez Lyonnaise Des Eaux, a French company, took over the majority of the water supplies in South Africa, and with this French company many other multinationals have also flown in to reap the profits like Vivendi, Saur and Biwater. It is a norm with privatization that state subsidies are reduced and the prices of the utilities goes up. The majority to suffer from the privatization reform is the general public and the poor. This is because the private companies operate under the motive of profit generation rather than the welfare of the public. This profit motive has resulted, in this case, in a four hundred percent increase in the prices of water in South Africa. Where the people who could not afford to ?buy? the water were dumped in to intense levels of poverty and the ones who could afford had to tolerate a more expensive standard of living. Poor, for whom it was even hard to live under a tin roof, were the majority of the sufferers. There were many incidents of aggression against the privatization policy and many incidents of breaking the water pipe lines for search of water. However, such aggression was conveniently dealt with force (Gleick et al., 2002)."
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National Environmental Policies in Australia, 2006.
A review of major national environmental policy-making institutions and policies in Australia.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how Australia is currently confronted with vital problems jeopardizing the condition of the environment and weakening its economic and social development. The paper reports how the important concerns are the conditions of the soil, water and the likely effect of changes in climatic conditions due to greenhouse gases.
From the Paper
"Yet another issue is that although Australia is the driest continent on this planet, it ranks fifth on the per capita consumption of water in the world. Per day average household consumption of water is estimated to be nearly 300 liters, which is double the worldwide average. Half of the domestic water usage is spent on watering of household gardens. The increased levels of water consumption due to rising populations and more water usage in homes is untenable, considering the reality that drawing out water from several catchments are reaching capacity levels. Even prior to the recent droughts, several catchment levels were at their unprecedented low as compared to their net potential. Whereas the water policy of 'pay as per use' has lessened or contained the demand of water since the bygone decade in majority of the principal capital cities, the argument goes on regarding the practicality of these policies on a more broad based manner. (Sustaining Australia sustainable development issues facing Australia to 2025)
In another effort to deal with the environmental problems, the Australian Government passed the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act during 1999 in a wide-ranging initiative to delineate the environmental task of the Commonwealth in keeping with its consciousness of the environmental problems which the nation is presently passing through, inclusive of the urban air quality and pollution problems. The law took a leap in attempting to harmonize National, State and Territory measures to safeguard the environment, giving Commonwealth leadership with due respect to State and Territory control. Nevertheless, environmental headway for Australia continues to be sluggish due to want of unambiguous leadership at the federal level. "
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The Right to Adequate Water in Mexico, 2004.
This paper discusses the problem of water consumption in Mexico and the human right to water.
2,905 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains, while the world consensus seems to be that the access to clean water is a basic human right, Mexico is facing one of the worst water situations in the industrialized world. The author points out that, because corporations are largely responsible for the problems now evident regarding water, they should also contribute to the provision of drinking water for the general population. The paper contends that government needs to refuse the attempt at privatization of water supplies; anytime this occurs, there is the risk of rising prices and monopolies occurring.
From the Paper
"Before one can begin to address the problem of water in Mexico one must have an understanding of the importance of human rights and what that means. Human rights are a basic core of existence for humans. It is the element that separates the humans from the animals. Human rights are things that are given to each human being so that they may exist and survive in basic need. Human rights are core needs and the meeting of them is something that each human being as the right to expect. Human rights include things like not being tortured, being able to eat, being treated without cruelty and the right to food and water at all times."
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Portland?s Open Drinking Water Reservoir, 2002.
This paper is written as a report about the conditions of the water in Portland?s open drinking water reservoir.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates many factors relating to open drinking water reservoirs such as water purification, toxic chemicals and testing systems. The paper shows the risks faced by Portland's reservoir which include the dumping of prescription drugs, waste from tankers and busses and the threat of radon in the drinking water. The paper suggests ways in which the Portland municipality could improve the situation through testing and legislation. It also includes maps of the area to illustrate points.
From the Paper
"While the water is safe perhaps it is not sterilized, which means that it does contain chemicals and other killer organisms. The best way to handle this situation is by protecting and regularly monitoring water from the main source so as to eliminate the possibility of potential contamination later on. To purify the water, treatment practices are used to get rid of the pathogenic organisms that are liable to enter into the water in the reservoir. Most of the water treatment techniques and technologies were actually developed several years ago to cure chloera and typhoid. These techniques are still applicable because they can still protect the public today like they have been for nearly a century. However, the new contaminants require new techniques to treat them, such as pathogens."
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Claude Monet's "Water Lily" Paintings.
This paper discusses Claude Monet's "Water Lily" paintings, which have had a major influence on contemporary artists.
4,170 words (approx. 16.7 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Claude Monet's "Water Lily" paintings represent plein-air painting, meaning they were painted outside the confines of the studio, which relates directly to the Impressionistic mode of thinking about art. The author points out that Claude Monet emphasized the visual experience of the sensuously immediate, producing a new kind of art from an unacknowledged, yet most commonplace, kind of visual experience called "the glance". The paper relates that these later Monet paintings are akin to the Abstract Expressionism of Jackson Pollack and Abstractionists like Kandinsky because, in essence, the later water lily paintings are abstract in their concentration on flow, color texture, and movement.
Table of Contents
Monet and Impressionism
Giverney and the Water Lilies
"Water Lilies"
Importance
Figure 1: "Water Lilies" ("The Clouds")
Figure2: "Water Lilies" (1906)
Figure 3: "Waterlilies, Green Reflection, Left Part" (1916-1923)
Figure 4: "Water Lilies" (1907)
Figure 5: Bridge at Giverney. "Le Bassin aux Nympheas"
From the Paper
"In art historical terms Monet was the heir to a departure in style and content in 19th Century painting and was one of the instigators of the new school of French landscape painting. Monet's earlier work signals a break from the past conflict in art between line and color as the dominant aspects of painting. He also began his painting career in an atmosphere which no longer felt bound to paint from a religious and mythological basis - which had previously been seen as essential elements of artistic creation. This meant that the artist felt free to explore new and more expressive methods of artistic creation and "they no longer troubled themselves about composing pictures based on geometric principles. They continued to compose, of course, but they chose their patterns with an eye to pictorial rhythm, and were thereby led to seek out new rhythms."
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Water Pollution in China, 2006.
A look at the problem of water pollution in Shenzhen, China.
2,336 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of water pollution and its effects on the economy and personal lives of China's citizens. In particular, the paper focuses on the water pollution problem in the city of Shenzhen in the Guangdong province. The paper explains how the process of urbanization has contributed to the water pollution problem, looks at how water pollution can undermine an entire city by affecting the economy, environment, and people of the area and discusses what will happen if the problem is not addressed as well as what measures can be undertaken to reduce the amount of water pollution in the region.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The City of Zhenzhen
The Problem
Polluted Water Sources
Causes of Water Pollution
Outlooks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In China, urbanization has been occurring at a rapid pace; in the year 1986 China's state council officially designated 29 new cities. This addition of new cities, many located in rural areas away from the largest metropolitan areas of China has resulted in major urbanization of the country in the last thirty years. The province of Guandong is undergoing major growth and change; the city of Shenzhen is one example of this rapid growth."
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The Privatization of Water Resources in Bolivia, 2005.
Discusses the privatization of state-owned water companies in Bolivia as the government's solution to the extreme lack of access to water.
4,256 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
Bolivia as a nation, and more specifically, the Cochabamba Valley as a region, have had significant problems recently with the lack of access to safe water resources, exacerbated by the pervasiveness of abject poverty of both the country and the region. This paper shows that the privatization of water services has been implemented as a solution to this lack of access, but so far, these reforms have been anything but successful, especially according to the majority of Bolivians. The paper shows that the results of privatization have included extreme increases in water prices, little improvement in expansion of access and extensive political protest, some of which became violent. However, the paper explains that the alternative of re-nationalization, or returning ownership and control of water resources to the state, has both potential benefits and drawbacks of its own.
From the Paper
"The policy of the privatization of Bolivia's water resources was implemented for many economic reasons, and was intended to improve upon the water industries already in place and under the ownership and control of the government. This issue has been characteristically unique from other types of privatization policies for one reason: the necessity of water for human beings to exist. Because of this universal human need for clean, drinkable water, many Bolivians claim that access to it is a right, rather than a privilege. Yet in the midst of a complete lack of alternative sources to safe water, some people will turn to possibly unsafe sources such as rainwater, lakes, and rivers. In the past, this has caused outbreaks of serious diseases such as cholera. In Bolivia, where the problem of poverty is extremely dire and millions of people cannot afford or obtain clean, safe water, the privatization of state-owned water companies has been the government's policy solution to the extreme lack of access to water."
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Water Quality, 2005.
This paper examines the state of water contamination in two bodies of water associated with the San Francisco Bay.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the state of water contamination the San Pablo Bay and the Sacramento River, which are two bodies of water associated with the San Francisco Bay. The author points out that both of these bodies of water are analyzed for the state of lead, MtBE and copper contamination. The paper relates that potential or existing management options are discussed.
From the Paper
"The Sacramento River and the San Pablo Bay are currently home to numerous contaminants, including Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MtBE). These contaminants, which originate from various sources, affect the health of wildlife, as well as the health of people who enjoy the wildlife resources in the area. The San Pablo Bay, one of five interconnected bay sections making up the San Francisco Bay, receives downstream waters from the Sacramento River, connecting the study and health of both waterways. The levels of contaminants must be monitored to maintain water quality and the health of the environment in the Sacramento River Basin and the San Francisco Bay region. Management options are underway and guidelines for contaminants exist but they must constantly be reevaluated to best combat the threats such contaminants pose to the area."
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