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Wartime Embedded Journalists, 2004.
A look at the controversial issue regarding the danger posed to military personnel by embedded journalists.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at arguments on both sides of the issue concerning embedded journalists and whether or not they pose a risk to the safety of soldiers in the field. The paper points out that the danger posed by the journalists is often related more to the amount of military information they expose to the public that really should not be revealed and not to the direct safety of the soldiers. The paper concludes that, while on some level, the embedded journalists do increase the risk exposure of soldiers, it might be better that they are embedded rather than running helter-skelter all over the place. Articles used as sources are appended to the paper.
From the Paper
"There have been war correspondents in virtually every U.S. military engagement. During the Civil War, a photographer named Matthew Brady was out there on the battlefield not exactly snapping pictures, but laboriously preparing the glass plates in the back of his horse-drawn darkroom. So embedding journalists in with the U.S. military during the recent, and continuing, war in Iraq would not seem to be any different, and certainly no more dangerous than having Brady rattling around the cannonballs. Granted, some journalists have died in Iraq, but some, like NBC?s David Bloom, died from medical conditions not related to warfare. Even military spokespersons have relatively little to say about the impact on troops of protecting journalists? lives. Of course, the few soldiers who died in the relatively few attempts to save journalists in war zones, some of which will be mentioned below, might have a very different viewpoint about that. "
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Embedded Journalists, 2002.
A discussion on the ethics of photography and photojournalism.
843 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the issues concerning the ethics of photography and photojournalism. It uses as an example a front-page photograph from the "Los Angeles Times" showing a British soldier directing Iraqi civilians to take cover from Iraqi fire, which turned out to be a fake, a digital composite created by photographer, Brian Walski ,using photo-altering software. It looks at how, although the Walski photograph may have been altered with good intentions to better convey the ?essence? of the war in Iraq, Walski acted unethically and violated several tenets of photojournalism. It argues how readers need to be able to trust that their photographs show what actually happened to form their own ideas and how breaching that trust only serves to make the public suspicious of all war reports, to the detriment of the entire news profession.
From the Paper
"Walski?s alterations differ from the Time Magazine and the Newsday photographs in another important respect. A look at past photographs from war coverage reveals how news photographs have tremendous power to influence public perceptions regarding the war. The image of the Vietnamese girl running naked after her village was bombed with napalm and the picture of the South Vietnamese police commander shooting a VietCong prisoner in the head have contributed to protests against the Vietnam War. In a more recent example, for many people, the photograph of young Elian Gonzalez cringing from an armed immigration agent gave the situation an air of menace (Frank 2003)."
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"Wartime America", 2004.
A review of the book, "Wartime America", by J.W. Jeffries.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of war on the American people and country, using the book "Wartime America" by Jeffries. The book describes three effects of the war. First, the War was a turning point for the country and the world, in many respects, and that life since the war has been quite unlike life before the war. Secondly, America's position in the world changed social realities, bringing a new respect for and concern with racial and ethnic equity, for example. Finally, he notes that though the war was devastating to much of Europe, it also created an economic boom for the United States.
From the Paper
"The people who remained behind during the war realized that the war meant massive change, for this was evident to many people from the moment the Japanese attacked at Pearl harbor. They saw this as Aa turning point in history (3), and Jeffries states that AAmericans also soon came to understand that World War II brought not only the defeat of the Axis powers but also unparalleled prosperity, unexpected personal gains, and enormous national power and possibilities."
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Rape in Wartime, 2005.
This paper discusses rape in wartime as gendered political violence.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the manifestation of rape in wartime and the reasons for it. The author points out variations in rapes across different wars and different ethnic groups. The paper discusses some of the theories of why rape happens.
From the Paper
"Although sexual violence against women is common in times of war, the degree of such behavior varies from war to war and no adequate explanation has ever been put forward to explain this. The Soviet troops in Germany during World War II were known to rape large numbers of women particular in Berlin after the city's fall. There had been widespread rape of women earlier in Hungary and the practice intensified as the Russian army pushed into East Prussia and Silesia. Thousands of women and girls from age ..."
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Wartime Responsibility, 2004.
An analysis of the rights and responsibilities of citizens during wartime.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the rights and responsibilities of citizens during wartime. It considers the views of Thoreau, Douglas and Polk in the context of the Mexican-American War. The paper also presents a personal opinion on the topic.
From the Paper
"When a nation becomes involved in military conflict questions arise as to what the rights and responsibilities of its citizens are during such a crisis. At the time of the Mexican-American War these arguments dominated much of the political rhetoric in the ..."
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Journalists? Right to Obtain Information, 2002.
A look at the ethical and moral expectations of journalists.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the rights and responsibilities of journalists when reporting stories. The author looks at the ethical issues that come in to play when information is sought and when it is reported. A look at how society views these concerns.
From the Paper
?In the era of communications there is a viable debate in society that suggests that the freedom of information must take precedence over all other rights. The journalists must the debate contends, have the right to obtain information from all sources so that the people can be given the truth as they have found it. This debate brings into controversy the rights of privacy of individuals and the security of the state as journalists demand the information regardless of the consequences and the manner of obtaining it.?
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Are Journalists With Us or Against Us?, 2002.
This paper discusses the ability of journalists today to twist information and invade our private lives.
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
An argumentative paper written in the first person questioning whether journalists can be trusted or whether their entire aim in their work is to sensationalize and only to create news.
From the Paper
"I believe that one must always remain skeptical of what they read in the media. Because journalism is obviously one?s interpretation of some event that occurred, it is only natural for the facts of the case to be altered in some way or another. More often than not, printed news stories are adaptations of another article previously written on the same topic. Journalism also tends to be extremely opinionated, and one?s own thoughts or ideas concerning a particular subject can sometimes get in the way of reality. Countless examples of journalists stretching the truth for the sake of getting attention does not contribute positively to our view on journalism either. In my opinion, the well-renowned journalists that have been involved in this profession for years are trustworthier than those that are inexperienced and obscure to the public eye."
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A Wartime Dilemma: A Three Philosopher?s Approach, 2002.
This paper uses three philosophers? models to discuss the ethical questions that arise during war.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper creates a wartime ethical dilemma of a lieutenant who is asked to be a decoy by his commanding officer but refuses. His commanding officer threatens to shoot him. The lieutenant continues to object and gets shot. The author argues the question by using Mill?s utilitarian theory, Kant?s categorical imperative theory and Royce?s loyalty theory.
From the Paper
"There are two fundamental issues in this situation that challenge Mill, Kant and Royce: First, whether sacrificing Lt. Downs as a decoy is justifiable, and second, whether shooting him in the face of his non-compliance was justifiable, or even humane."
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Lincoln?s Wartime Actions: An Example of the Tyranny of the Executive, 2005.
Argues that Abraham Lincoln's Civil War suspension of the writ of habeas corpus represents a quintessential example of the breakdown of separation of powers and checks and balances.
3,137 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that the danger of tyrannical abuses of power that had once so deeply concerned the Anti-Federalists was realized by Abraham Lincoln's abuses of his executive power that took place during the American Civil War. The paper argues that the most important of these was his suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. Other actions that may have exceeded the limits of presidential authority included the closing of mail services to publications considered to be treasonous, the imprisonment of individuals who had merely exercised their First Amendment rights to free speech by publicly opposing the war and Lincoln's actions, and several financial arrangements in support of the war, such as paying civilians a total of $2 million to assist in military recruiting. The paper explains that under the Constitution, Congress rather than the president has the authority to declare war and to control the mails, the military and the purse.
From the Paper
"During the critical formation stages of our government, several issues on which many of the Founding Fathers disagreed still demanded to be resolved. One of the major problems that bothered the Anti-Federalists was the amount of power provided to the executive, which they believed was too extensive and far-reaching. They feared that this excessive authority might eventually allow the executive to become tyrannical, and a tyrannical executive power was exactly what these men had managed to escape from in England through the Revolutionary War. Less than a century after the Founders had abandoned the Articles of Confederation and the states had ratified our Constitution, the executive did in fact demonstrate this dangerous foray into tyrannical abuses of power that had once so deeply concerned the Anti-Federalists."
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Case Study of Embedded Reporters in Iraq, 2006.
A discussion regarding the success of journalism within a given population.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how journalism and militaries have always relied on the populations within which they function and to both inform and fill their ranks. The societies surrounding these militaries rely on them for security and the greater integration of the media with military structures, along with media's long-standing role in democratic societies as a protector of truth, has created a more complex security fabric surrounding both societies and the militaries derived from them.
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Wartime Economics, 2002.
A discussion of the relationship between military action and economic activity in war time.
2,339 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effect of war on the U.S. economy, looking at the relationship between military action and economic activity in World War I, World War II, the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. It shows how each of these wars was different in scale, different in historical impetus, different in motivation and different in cultural and social meanings and whether such important differences override any tendency for a nation to react in economic terms in the same way to each war. It looks at how cutting spending and diverting money from schools, for example, to the army can have long-term consequences in terms of a nation?s overall prosperity and that given that government cuts are often in programs with long-term pay-offs (like public health and education), the effect of these cuts continues to mount after a war is over.
Increasing the money supply seems to solve these problems, but this is of course a dangerous strategy because it tends to raise inflation.
From the Paper
"These technological changes offered great promises for the future, but they also came with economic costs: People found that new technologies were making them obsolete at the jobs that they had always worked at. Moreover, much of the vaunted prosperity of the workplace come on the backs of average workers, who often found themselves working long hours at poor pay in dangerous conditions. The uprising of populism as a significant political force in the 1920s and the unionization of many American workers bespeak the economic burdens that the post World War I ?prosperity? laid on the common worker."
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Journalistic Ethics and Kierkegaard, 2006.
An analysis of philosopher Soren Kierkegaard's ethics as they apply to a new theory of journalistic ethics.
3,245 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses journalistic ethics, according to the views of philosopher, Soren Kierkegaard. It begins with a brief look at the various theories of journalistic ethics that have held sway in the past. The paper then presents cases demonstrating their inadequacies. It then re-examines those cases under the Kierkegaardian system of teleological suspension of the ethical qua journalism and discusses the possible objections to and complications of this approach.
From the Paper
"In the organic process through which ethical weeds inevitably sprout wherever civilization ploughs fresh soil, modern society may have broached a new continent. Surely this can be said with respect to journalism. Technological advances, innovative political tactics, and the ever-more competitive relationship between government and press all contribute to a proliferation of ethical dilemmas for which there exists no adequately vigorous effort to account. When the old approaches to journalistic ethics, having never foreseen the complexity our times, prove themselves antiquated, journalists must pursue new ways to understand the ethics of their craft. The answer, I submit, lies in the writings of nineteenth century Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard, whose sees the finite nature of ethical dimensions and transcends them through a teleological suspension of the ethical. Before wading into the intricacies of Kierkegaard, though, I would first like to sketch the structure of this essay."
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Journalistic Ethical Issues, 2001.
Discussion of 1998 "60 Minutes" broadcast depicting Dr. Jack Kevororkian employing physican assisted suicide. Background & implications of broadcast; limitations of journalistic conduct; boundaries.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 22 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
" This research paper discusses the journalistic ethical issues associated with that portion of a broadcast by CBS's 60 Minutes on Sunday evening, November 22, 1998 which dealt with the topic of euthanasia or physician assisted suicide (PAS) of terminally ill patients and which included the replaying of portions of a videotape showing Dr. Jack Kevorkian injecting a lethal drug into a 52 year old man, Thomas Youk, who was suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Introduction
Basic Facts Concerning 60 Minutes. 60 Minutes is a television newsmagazine which is owned outright by CBS Inc., a publicly-owned corporation, and which has been presented on prime time since 1972. It has consistently been among the top.."
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Journalist Ellen Goodman, 2002.
Examines Ellen Goodman's style of writing known as feminist journalism.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses well-known journalist Ellen Goodman. Her style of non-confrontational feminism is examined and her use of rhetorical techniques is analyzed. The paper reviews several of Goodman's essays and cites them as examples of her technique. Finally, the paper provides a brief critique of Goodman's writing style.
From the Paper
"Ellen Goodman is often called a feminist journalist. However, within the framework of any ideological movement such as feminism, there are many different factions and many different ?isms.? Rather than attempting a radical critique of gender roles, Goodman usually prefers a more gentle, mainstream examination of the relationship of males and females in contemporary society. Goodman does not discount the presence of discrimination against women today. She acknowledges that she has faced discrimination personally, both professionally and as a media consumer. But Goodman also, through the use of a discursive and relatively un-confrontational rhetorical prose style, reinforces male and female binaries. Goodman?s refusal to use a traditionally structured argument in many of her pieces on gender both reinforces as well as questions gender norms."
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Journalistic Ethics, 1999.
Examines the freedom of the press vs. ethical reporting, code of ethics, the role of court, examples of questionable ethics, invasion of privacy and coverage of celebrities. Includes an outline.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
"Freedom of the Press is a phrase given high value in the American system, but it is not an absolute. Freedom of the Press is found in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the courts give great importance to this amendment when considering competing rights.
From the Paper
"Freedom of the Press is a phrase given high value in the American system, but it is not an absolute. Freedom of the Press is found in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the courts give great importance to this amendment when considering competing rights. Still, there are cases where the courts find that the press goes too far, and the public often believes this is true. Unethical behavior by the press is behavior that goes against a fundamental and protected individual right and that does so by breaking one of the elements of the currently adopted Code of Ethics. Recently, the Society of Professional Journalists held a meeting in Arlington, Virginia at which those attending the convention voted on a new Ethics Code. The code contains the four principles seen as most important in ethical behavior for journalists by this group..."
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