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War and Occupation, 2002.
The effects of the U.S. occupation on Japan?s government and politics.
3,007 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The recent change in the American foreign policy direction, which has seen the replacement of its traditional anti-colonialist tilt by the neo-conservative belief of guided nation building, evokes a lot of interest in the history of United States' occupation of post world war II Japan. The paper shows that although each occupation is different--the political, social and cultural environment as well as the historical context of every war and country being different-- it is interesting to study how the Americans handled the re-building of Japan in the post-World War II period. There is no doubt that the United State government's influence in shaping the future of Japan was overwhelming. In fact it would not be wrong to state that Japan's current political and economic status as a first world power is a direct result of the guiding philosophy developed by the Potsdam Declaration and further defined by the United States Government. The paper shows that in the aftermath of the War, the Supreme Commander for Allied Powers (SCAP) became responsible to carry out these policies and directives. The Allied Council and Far Eastern Commission had a formal but token involvement in the reconstruction of post war Japan. This was essentially an American undertaking. The reconstruction of Japan was accomplished by SCAP relying on the existing Japanese government and its agencies, especially the bureaucracy, to implement its policies. This paper examines how far the U.S. was responsible in changing the course of Japan's political and social direction and whether the lessons learnt from Japan's post war occupation and nation building are applicable in the present day scenario.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most glaring example of the American attempt of ?re-engineering? the Japanese society and government was the new Japanese constitution drafted in 1946 in the Supreme Commander?s headquarters on lines laid down by MacCarthur himself. The new constitution stripped the emperor of the sweeping powers granted to him by the Meiji constitution, making him instead just the symbol of the Japanese nation in a largely ceremonial role. It provided for a British-style parliamentary system, with a cabinet elected by and responsible to the House of Representatives renamed as the National Diet . (?Japan,? Encarta, para on postwar reform) In the constitution General MacCarthur insisted on inserting a provision that denounced war , besides recognizing the status of trade unions, the right of votes for women, and the freedom of press. The constitution is in some ways even more ?libertine? than the American constitution".
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Occupation of Japan, 2005.
This paper discusses the occupation of Japan after World War II and the economic improvements as a result.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines America's occupation of Japan after World War II, governed at the time by Douglas MacArthur, known as the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). The paper explains that he helped revive the Japanese economy, the Japanese political system and major reforms in various institutions in Japan. This led to an agreement in San Francisco in 1951 to allow Japan to defend herself and to continue with her economic development.
From the Paper
"The end of World War II in the Pacific came in 1945, but the war did not end for Japan for some time even though the fighting was over. After the war, Japan was occupied for some time by the U.S. under the command of General Douglas MacArthur. The Japanese chafed under the restrictions placed on the country by MacArthur and his administration, but in the long term, the people emerged from this era stronger and fully able to take advantage of new economic opportunities, allowing them not only to rebuild their country but to achieve a major increase in economic terms over the next several decades."
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Japan's Occupation of Hong Kong, 2008.
A discussion of Japan's occupation of Hong Kong in the 1940s.
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a critical look at the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in December of 1941. The paper points out that the occupation lasted till the early autumn of 1945, and the brutality of the experience is still a topic of resentment. It asserts that the occupation of World War II is part of Hong Kong's history and local memory for it harshly affected every family then living there. The paper adds that Japan's unknowable agenda caused some people in Hong Kong to rather welcome the 1997 lapse to the PRC, aware that their territory would be defended by the Red Army should their worst fears come to pass. The paper concludes that the fall of Hong Kong and the Japanese occupation were shattering events that have shaped Hong Kong's culture and consciousness.
Outline:
Introduction
Taking Hong Kong
A Fighting People
The 21st Century
A Changed Identity?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One is unsurprised by comments of older people from Hong Kong on a 'Japanese mentality' or condemnation of recent Japanese elections favouring right-wing candidates. Stories still abound of Hong Kong civilians forced to dig hideouts for Japanese boats on Lamma Island, the diggers killed to keep the boats' locations secret. Part of the trouble involves how such horrid events contrasted with a colony of which many Chinese were most proud for Hong Kong had grown from nothing after the 1840s, the work of ordinary immigrants from the Mainland, the British administration working in their favour in years when the Mainland was hopelessly turbulent or just inefficient. In fact, after World War II, people wanted a return to stable government, eschewing decolonization in favour of colonial rule that lasted till 1997. The Japanese occupation had a deep impact, in this sense, as in 1952 proposed liberal reforms were not of interest to the public. Authoritative, stable rule was wanted instead, for the IJA occupation had destroyed Hong Kong's pre-War trading economy based on entrepot shipping and services linking the Chinese treaty ports that were most profitable. Hong Kong was a place of employment, education and hope, different from other European colonies in the region, its atmosphere said to be happier and more harmonious than in British Malaya or Singapore. Its people were often the children or the grandchildren of 19th century migrants, many from Canton, the whole social order differing from that of China, the well to do proud to descend from some ordinary soul to head for Hong Kong to make his fortune, away from the rigid class system of Mainland China, Qing instability and corruption."
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Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan, 2000.
A look at the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, its causes and events.
5,950 words (approx. 23.8 pages), 7 sources, $ 141.95
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Abstract
A look at the occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviets. The author examines this occupation from the time before conflict till the time the Soviets fought against Afghan soldiers. A look at the events leading up to this occupation.
From the Paper
"The Soviet experience in Afghanistan is like that of many other world powers throughout history. Nations such as the United States, Britain, France, and China have all enjoyed the difficulties of imperialism. One in which a large, broad, foreign force was used to counter a small force of relatively ill-equipped, native insurgents. In each of these cases the indigenous forces were clearly outgunned and out manned, however they proved to be indomitable. Their will and persistence was stronger than any professional army, more destructive than any modern weapon, and more capable than any highly trained soldier."
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The American Occupation of Japan, 2007.
This paper presents a detailed examination of the American occupation of Japan from 1945-52.
1,531 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the intent and goals of the American occupation of Japan. The paper also discusses the many effects of the occupation on Japan, including social, economic, industrial, educational and political changes that allowed the nation to become one of the top industrial and technological competitors in the world.
From the Paper
"The main result of the American Occupation of Japan by many accounts was the fact that Japan came out of it as one of the strongest and most educated, technologically advanced nations of the world. In recent decades Japan has even been more advanced than America in many areas of technology and mathematics and it can be traced back to the measures put into place to begin a democracy in Japan during the 1945-1952 occupation (Costa, Danielle The American Occupation in Japan 1997 Tufts University: Chinese and Japanese Politics)"
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The American Occupation of Japan, 2002.
Reviews Michael Schaller's book on American foreign policy toward Japan during the Cold War.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In "The American Occupation of Japan: The Origins of the Cold War in Asia", Michael Schaller discusses how American foreign policy toward Japan prioritized that country's position in the Cold War. The overall objective of American foreign policy makers was to use Japan as a buffer against communism in Asia.
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The British Occupation of Egypt, 2002.
An analysis of the causes and effects of Britain's occupation of Egypt in 1882.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss how Egypt was occupied by the British in 1882, and will reveal the causes and effects of this take over at the time. Also, within the context of this study, there will be an economic understanding of why the British did this and how the Egyptian government worked with them in the aftermath. With all of these factors in place, a better understanding of the nature of Egyptian and English foreign policy can be understood in this instance. To be included within the structure of the historical patterns of this paper, the issue of the Egyptian loans, which reached astronomical levels, will also be understood.
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United States Occupation of Japan, 2004.
Describes the implementation of policy by the United States during the occupation of Japan after World War II.
1,883 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the development and implementation of policies designed to tear down the previous totalitarian structure of the Japanese government. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of these policies by Douglas MacArthur and the impact they had. The structure the Japanese government developed is also described.
From the Paper
"The conclusion of the War in the Pacific on September 2, 1945, ushered in a new age in Japan. The United States led Allied Occupation of Japan, which was to continue for the next six and a half years, drastically altered the economic, social and political direction of Japan for years to come. Through a series of policies the US attempted to restructure Japan as a democratic nation, free from the constraints of communism."
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The Nazi Occupation of Poland and France, 2007.
This paper examines WWII and the differences in the way the Nazis treated their subjects after their invasions of Poland and France.
3,315 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that many of Germany's policies in both Poland and France during the occupation were similar as far as the Jewish population was concerned; however, the people of France clearly showed more willingness to cooperate with these policies than the Poles, despite the fact that Poland had a much larger Jewish population, in both numbers and per capita, than France. The author further points out that the Germans systematically destroyed the economy of Poland for the solitary purpose of helping the German war effort; whereas, the Germans gave many resources to the French economy to help reestablish it after the devastation from WWI. The paper relates that, in the sphere of government, France was given autonomy through the Vichy government, whereas the Poles, seen as nothing better than pack animals, barely more worthy of life than Jews, were given no such autonomy.
From the Paper
"One of the first actions of the German administration of Northern France was to try to make the region economically stable again. This was not done out of the goodness of the Nazis' hearts, but rather because France could become a valuable factory for war material and food. This area of France was also where the proposed invasion of Britain, "Operation Sealion", was to be launched. The iron, steel, and other natural resource industries were nationalized in order to give the Germans better control. In order to try to prevent wartime inflation and shortages, price controls were instituted."
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"An Affair Of Honor: Woodrow Wilson and The Occupation Of Veracruz" (Robert Quirk), 1992.
A critical analysis of this work on the dangers of an aggressive American foreign policy in Mexico.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"An Affair of Honor: Woodrow Wilson and the Occupation of Veracruz
by Robert E. Quirk
An Affair of Honor retains its freshness after thirty years precisely because it does not pretend to be objective history. Scholarly though it is, the book reads sometimes like a journalistic account of the American occupation of Veracruz, and sometimes like an essay on the foundations of American foreign policy in this century. From beginning to end, the book is a story of men and their sympathies, rather than a careful history of the events in which those men participated.
Excoriating Woodrow Wilson, one of the presidents most closely identified with liberalism, Quirk warns of the danger of diplomacy that is ..."
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Israeli Occupation of Palestine, 2006.
A paper arguing that a Leviathan International Court of Justice is needed to enforce international law in the struggle between Israel and the Palestinians.
3,647 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This is a position paper arguing that Israel is illegally occupying Palestinian lands. The paper argues that Israel has been allowed to ignore UN resolutions regarding the conflict and that the only way to make sure that Israel complies with those resolutions is to see that they are enforced by a Leviathan International Court of Justice.
Introduction
History of Illegality
The Wall
International Court Findings
Israel's Response/World Response
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Since the beginning of the modern State of Israel, there has been much conflict concerning its responsibilities to the Palestinian population that lived in the area before it was officially declared a Jewish State in 1948. Although popular world opinion has historically sided with Israel concerning its strife with her neighbors, the nation has continually acted in direct opposition to United Nations resolutions, international law, and moral principles."
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An Analysis of the Occupation of Germany Post-WWII, 2001.
A look at Germany?s history and whether post WWII Germany was better suited to a capitalist or communist regime.
3,960 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This essay researches Germany?s history from industrialization to the post modern period in an effort to relate Germany?s history and economic development to the way fascism and Nazism developed. From there, it is investigated whether Soviet rule in the east, or Allied rule in the west better suited Germany?s historical developments. It was the allied capitalist system that better suited Germany, as seen in the ?West German Miracle?.
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Hong Kong and World War II, 2007.
A comparative analysis of three different articles relating to the 1941 attack of the Japanese army on Hong Kong and Japanese occupation till the end of the War in 1945.
3,226 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses, from different perspectives, the 1941 attack of the Japanese Imperial Army on Hong Kong and the brutal Japanese occupation there till the end of the War in 1945. It examines three scholarly articles that are seen to relate to the same broad topic of how events during World War II in Asia continue to shape thinking on Japan, more than 50 years later, in matters of power and strategy involving China, Japan, the U.S. and other influences. June Teufel Dreyer is introduced as an American follower of East Asian affairs and the author of an article on Japan and China that seems more American in scope than Asian. Richard J. Aldrich's study of British secret intelligence in Asia during World War II is then discussed in relation to Hong Kong. The third paper is by Kent Fedorowich on a British diplomat's view of Hong Kong before the colony fell to the Japanese.
Outline:
Introduction
On Sino-Japanese Rivalry
Allied Intelligence in World War II - Hong Kong
Hong Kong on the Eve of its Occupation
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
" When Hong Kong fell to the Japanese, civilians were interned and thousands of Indian, British and Canadian soldiers that had tried to defend the colony became prisoners of war, many of them dying of disease, starvation and general abuse. (CBC 1972) Consulting Greenhous's summary of the 2,000 Canadians defeated at Hong Kong's struggle against the Japanese showed the takeover as something that people in Hong Kong would remember for many years. (1997) The soldiers fought from December 8 to 18, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Army often killing the wounded just as they viciously attacked civilians. When the Japanese took control of the colony the people lived on tiny rations, the actual takeover as brutal as anywhere in Asia the Japanese conquered. The people of Hong Kong till the lapse of 1997 were used to seeing Communist China as a place of oppression and perhaps unwanted designs on the future of Hong Kong, but Japan stayed in mind as the greater enemy, and a potential new threat. "
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War Vets and PTSD, 2002.
A look the suffering of war veterans from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) when they are exposed to cruelty during war.
3,136 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how many war veterans suffer from PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) due to the fact that they were exposed to utmost cruelty during war and how these symptoms tend to show up, either directly after they return from the battlefield, or when they cannot suppress their emotions any longer. It evaluates how the practice of rotating the duties of soldiers in the battlefield is one that is growing more and more essential in this postmodern period due to the intensity of war, especially where ground troops are concerned. It analyzes the hypothesis that war veterans, who are kept busy after the war, engaged in some occupation, do not suffer from PTSD until much later, which accounts for the PTSD when one is ageing. It concludes with a discussion of the potential affect of the atrocities in the Gulf and Iraq wars, as well as the threat of international terrorism.
From the Paper
"The veterans perhaps always thought they would get a return welcome for their efforts that they had seen or heard of many others getting when they came back from the two world wars and the Korean War. A welcome is hardly what they got because the people were mostly disappointed and even angry. This was because they got what they wanted far too late, many had been killed against their wishes, and Democracy did not prevail for them. The people were mentally affected first of all because their words were not paid any attention to when America was supposed to be a Democratic country where the voice of the people mattered first. They felt tricked and deserted, and so, were not even pleased when the soldiers came home as losers, except for the family members who were naturally pleased to see them back alive."
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The War of 1812, 2004.
An analysis of the War of 1812, following the British occupation of the United States.
813 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the War of 1812 and determines the major weaknesses in the United States' national structure. The paper presents an overview of these weaknesses, such as a weak military force, division of the country concerning the war effort and strong competition between political parties. The paper explores how these weaknesses were later addressed by the Republican Nationalists.
From the Paper
"The British occupation led to the War of 1812, however the country was divided on whether to fight the war or not. "The declaration of war had been made with military preparations still far from complete. There were fewer than 7,000 regular soldiers, distributed in widely scattered posts along the coast, near the Canadian border and in the remote interior. These soldiers were to be supported by the undisciplined militia of the states (www.usemb.se/usis/history/chapter4.html)." The lack of militia skill was evident when an invasion of Canada failed, resulting in Detroit being taken by the British. The failures of the militia were soon replaced with victories by U.S. Navy, restoring the confidence of the troops, and eventually resulting in Detroit being recaptured by the United States."
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