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Victims and Victimization vs Resistance, 2005.
This paper reviews the novel 'Ragtime' by E.L. Doctorow, focusing specifically on the theme of victimization.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the role of victim/victimizers in Doctorow's 'Ragtime' is apparent, as many of the characters in Ragtime struggle to establish or counteract social norms. The basis race and creed become the catalysts for bigotry and class stratification that allows the victim concept to be enacted. However, the sense of awareness and consciousness that Mother, Walker, Sarah, and others feel against the hypocritical Father become resistance. The basis of resistance lies on the ability of Doctorow's character to consciously change themselves by avoiding societal traditions and traps that limit their lives.
From the Paper
"In this literary study, the novel 'Ragtime' by E.L. Doctorow will be examined in relation to the theme of victims and victimization versus resistance. This novel relies more upon resistance to the historical trends found within Doctorow's "turn-of the century" American cultural and racial perspectives. Although many characters become victims and victimizers of the historical period in question, the greater reliance on Doctorow's literary approach reflects resistance to accepted societal norms. In essence, although arguments can certainly prove that the "victim roles" and "victimization" do abound in the way that characters interact within this novel, resistance provides a more conscious and verifiable way to understand change and intercultural relationships in Ragtime. The feelings of victimization in Ragtime are present within Doctorow's various stories through the institution of the American family."
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Victims of Social Mores or Victims of Character?, 2008.
An analysis of the main characters in Anton Chekhov's "The Lady with the Dog," Leo Tolstoy's "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" and Henrik Ibsen "Hedda Gabler".
1,232 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether society makes the man or whether the character of the individual determines his or her fate. The paper studies the protagonists of the 19th century stories "The Death of Ivan Ilyich," "The Lady with the Dog" and "Hedda Gabler" and shows how, although all of the protagonists are subject to social shaping, none of them are innocent. The paper explains that all characters show some free will in their actions, to the extent to which they allow their love of creature comforts or fear of what people will say to prevent them doing from what they morally know is right.
From the Paper
"Anton Chekhov's "The Lady with the Dog" has a female protagonist named Anna who is married to a man she does respect, a man very similar to Tolstoy's unattractive central character, a man she calls a flunky. She unexpectedly falls in love with a man while she is on a seaside vacation in Yalta who is not her husband, a man who is also trapped in a loveless marriage named Gurov. Anna and Gurov married before they knew what love truly could feel like, but the live in a society where divorce is a kind of social death."
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Victims? Rights Constitutional Amendment, 2004.
A look at arguments for and against the victims? rights Constitutional amendment.
1,101 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the how Senate Judiciary Committee passed the victims? rights Constitutional amendment, which would give crime victims the right to be notified, present and heard at critical stages throughout their case. It examines how advocates for the amendment believe it encompasses four basic ideas: that all victims should be treated with the same dignity and given the same information as the accused criminal; how victims are notified when rapists or abusers are let out of jail or prison; how no one can profit from crime, and any monies should go to the victims and their families; and finally, how nationwide victims will be allowed to make victim impact statements before final sentencing. It also discusses how the amendment has encountered much opposition from nonprofit groups and prosecutors and judges who believe that granting victims the right to a speedy trial may put pressure on prosecution to try the case before it is ready.
From the Paper
"The amendment also denies defendants due process rights, due process rights protect the innocent from arrest and imprisonment. They do not exist to protect the guilty criminals from punishment. One basic due process right is the right to be afforded an impartial trial. However, when you have victims pleading to the jury to return a guilty verdict, you can easily see that someone innocent could easily be denied the due process of the law (aclu.org). The result of this miscarriage of justice is innocent people being wrongfully convicted for crimes they did not commit (Wallace)."
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Victimization of Juveniles, 2004.
An exploration of some of the variables that cause the victimization of juveniles.
1,693 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the victimization of juveniles is more widespread and prevalent than is commonly perceived. It looks at how statistics show that teenagers are victimized at alarming rates at home, in school, and on the street; teenagers are twice as likely as others to be victims of violent crime. It attempts to identify some of the causes such as socioeconomic problems, race, and age.
Outline
Victimization by Age
Race and Victimization
Gender and Victimization
Social Class and Victimization
Place of Residence and Victimization
From the Paper
"In a recently released report on teen victims of crime, the National Centre for Victims of Crime urged that the problems of juvenile victimization must be addressed to find solutions. ?The victimization of teenagers in America has gone largely unrecognized. Instead, in the context of crime and violence, our nation?s young people are more typically characterized as troublemakers, predators, and violent criminals. When victimization has been recognized, public attention has focused almost solely on large-scale incidents, such as school shootings. Furthermore, the victims of these tragic events represent only a fraction of the teens who become crime victims."
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Victimization, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of victimization within the criminal justice system.
2,318 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the issues confronting the various entities involved in the criminal justice system, especially with regard to the culture of victims, both inside and outside of the penal system. The writer notes that it must be kept in mind that when discussing victims, the victims of a crime are not the only "victims" involved. The writer points out that additionally, witnesses who hold important information about the incident, falsely accused suspects who may be subject to racial or economic biases in the judicial system, and even convicted offenders who are abused and subjected to cruel behavior within the corrections system can be construed as victims. Finally, the writer concludes that the issues facing the legal system that concern "victims" are wide-ranging and broad in scope, and will require a significant level of attention both at a national and local level to sufficiently address and remedy.
Outline:
Legal system
Police
Prosecutors
Defense Attorneys
Judges
Probation
Corrections Department
Parole Authorities
From the Paper
"A problem with this analysis is the fact that some 911 calls are pranks, some are made by unharmed but bitter individuals who want to make trouble for spouses or roommates, and in some 911 calls the accusations that are voiced are exaggerated or even completely false. These faults with the nature of 911 calls are valid; additionally, some of the calls are made by persons whose testimony would not be considered ordinarily legally binding, such as people who are drunk or drug-influenced. Opponents of admitting 911 calls as evidence noted that they could impede the right to a fair trial, which includes the right to confront one's accuser (making them eligible to be cross-examined)."
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Victims' Rights in the United States, 2005.
An overview and analysis of victims' rights in the United States.
5,421 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This essay examines how victims' rights are viewed in the United States, compared with the rights of criminal defendants, and provides a discussion of the constitutional issues involved. A discussion of the incidence of victimization among young people and current trends is provided. An overview of victims' advocacy groups and an examination of what people can do when they become victims is also included. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. Also includes an appendix.
From the Paper
"America has been characterized repeatedly as a land of laws. We cherish our Bill of Rights and the hard-earned liberties wrung from the tight grip of the state over the years. When an individual is accused of a crime in the United States, a vast bureaucracy of defense attorneys and court proceedings takes over which provides a wide range of benefits, services, privileges and rights for the accused. While universally characterized as underbudgeted and overburdened, the court system is still required to provide a certain level of legal defense for those defendants who cannot afford it. However, the victim of the crime (technically the proper term is "alleged victim" until the guilt of the defendant is established by a court of competent jurisdiction) is frequently overlooked while the bureaucratic gears grind out justice for the defendant. However, things are beginning to change and a national network of victim advocacy groups is taking shape. For example, in 1980, there were 27 victim compensation programs in the United States. By 1998, however, there were 50 state programs as well as ones in the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands."
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Criminal Justice and Victims' Rights, 2007.
An analysis of the history, development and success of the victim's rights movement in the United States.
3,349 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper looks closely at the victims' rights movement in the United States. The paper especially looks at the history of the movement - largely from the late 1960s onwards - and considers the dramatic changes in the legal system it has provoked. The paper also delves into the prerogatives of victims today (courtesy of the victims' rights movement) and examines the ways in which victims' rights and their cries for restitution are being enforced across America. Finally, the paper ponders the impact of the movement upon, not only victims, but also upon judges and criminals and looks ahead briefly to what the future might hold.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Victim's Rights in America: An Exploration
From the Paper
"It does not take an expert's analysis to lead one to the conclusion that the victims' rights movement has been a great success. The many laws and victims' rights delineated in earlier pages do not have to be recounted here, but they are major advances upon what was once commonplace. At the same time, if Fletcher is correct, many victims' rights groups are now looking to attack the legal rights of defendants even more than they have, including launching campaigns to revise procedural laws pertaining to the admittance of various types of evidence (among other things). It seems probable that such groups are also interested in striking from the books the ability of a judge to use discretionary sentencing for many crimes, replacing this with mandatory minimum sentences. These goals are not necessarily ill-founded, but there is the danger that they lead to the presumption of innocence at the heart of the American criminal justice system being turned on its head."
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Unborn Victims of Violence, 2006.
A case study of the death of an unborn baby in relation to the "Unborn Victims of Violence Act".
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper comprises of a case study of a victim of violence, Heaven Lashy, the unborn baby girl of Shiwona Prince, Arkansas 1999. This paper researches the history and evolution of the law "Unborn Victims of Violence Act" and explains how a course of debilitating efforts and ironic incidences led to its evolution.
Contents:
Abstract
Case Study
Evolution of Unborn Victims Violence Act
Legal Issues Arising From The Violence Act Against Unborn Victims
What The Future Holds
From the Paper
"Fortunately, a month before this incidence the state of Arkansas had adopted a new State Law by the name of Unborn Victims of Violence Act August 1999. This law recognized unborn children as crime victims and thereby gave a status of living human being to fetuses. Thanks to that law, Shiwona's boyfriend, Erik Bullock and the men he hired were duly prosecuted and convicted for their murder of Heaven along with assault on Shiwona. The law was meant to protect all such Heavens who are unable to protect themselves.
But many women have not been as fortunate as Shiwona. As the March 21, 2001 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association reveals that after doing away with age and race, homicide is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in Maryland while the same is fifth leading cause of death among non-pregnant women. This indicates that the fatal and non-fatal assaults on pregnant women - including those who are attacked knowingly and intentionally "with child", are far more common than most people presume. "
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The Crime Victims? Rights Amendment, 2005.
Examines the controversy surrounding the proposal for a victim's bill of rights.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
For something so seemingly innocuous, the idea of a bill of rights for crime victims has raised an amazing amount of controversy. The paper shows that those against the Crime Victims' Rights Amendment believe that it is the first step towards eroding the constitutional protections guaranteed to those accused of a crime in the United States. The paper argues that such a belief displays a basic misunderstanding of both the U.S. Constitution and the proposed Crime Victims' Rights Amendment. The Crime Victims' Rights Amendment is aimed at offering protections towards those victims whose offenders have been convicted. The paper argues that this idea is not contrary to the United States Constitution, which offers little protection for convicted criminals beyond the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment.
From the Paper
"The first proposed victims' right is that victims should be notified if an accused is no longer in custody, whether by escape or release. Looking at the guarantees contained in U.S. Constitutional Amendments Four through Six, it is clear that nothing in those amendments prohibits a crime victim from receiving such notice. The notice is not a search or seizure, nor does it require an accused to serve as a witness against himself. Furthermore, the notice would occur outside of a trial setting, which means that it would not affect any of the rights aimed at guaranteeing an accused criminal a fair and speedy trial."
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Sexual Offenders and the Impact on the Victims, 2006.
A discussion regarding sexual offender types, statistics and the impact left on the victims.
4,046 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how every day many children across the world, but most notably, those in the Unites States, fall victim to sexual abuse. The paper reports that it is estimated that over 60 million people today are survivors of child sexual abuse. The paper further discusses the life-long impact the abuse has on the abused children.
Outline:
Abstract
Sexual Offenders and Sexual Abuse
Impact on the Victims
Victim Characteristics
Sexual Offender Types and Terms
Warning Signs and Abuse Disclosure
Sex Offender Punishments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the course of our country's history, society has had to deal with many very important social issues (abortion, religion, equal rights, etc.). One topic, however, remains an extremely prominent problem. Sexual abuse in this country, and in many others, has become so recurrent that it has affected hundreds of thousands of people, most notably children. The effects of sexual abuse on the victims are, by and large, everlasting, and very troublesome. Sexual abuse is quite the 'forbidden' topic, as it makes everyone uncomfortable, but this is precisely why it needs to be addressed and dealt with. Abusers are most commonly punished with jail time and some are required to attend therapy sessions, but some are not. This method of punishment and rehabilitation, fearfully, is not quite as successful as everyone tends to believe it is. Many sex offenders become repeat offenders more often than people would like to realize. Due to the fact that child sexual abuse is such a serious issue, and many children are affected for the rest of their lives, there needs to be much more improvement in the area of preventing this from happening, as well as helping the victims and treating the offenders so that they do not continue to hurt others in this way. The major question that needs to be reflected upon is can these people be helped, and if so, what are the more successful ways of doing this? If not, how can we better prevent such occurrences from happening? First, it needs to be discussed what sexual abuse is."
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Sexual Victimization of College Women, 2006.
A discussion of the prevalence of sexual victimization of female college students and steps taken to prevent it.
1,679 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the serious issue of sexual victimization and assault of females on college campuses. The paper lists the risk factors for victimization and what the college campuses are doing to try to combat the problem. The paper also describes a few individual cases, in terms of the victim's point of view and the way in which the issue was handled once reported.
From the Paper
"In 2004, the U.S. Department of Education ruled that Georgetown University's policy of requiring a campus rape victim to sign a confidentiality agreement before receiving the outcome of any disciplinary action against a sexual perpetrator was illegal (Bhatia, 2004). This ruling is likely to help break the silence surrounding campus rape. "It will ensure that sexual-assault victims are able to talk to people they need to tell what happened to heal," said Daniel Carter, vice president of Security On Campus Inc., the nonprofit victim assistance group based in King Of Prussia, Pa., that filed the complaint against Georgetown last year. "And if they have grievances they are free to address those.""
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Restorative Justice and Rape Victims, 2007.
An analysis of how restorative justice is used by rape victims to heal after the crime.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of restorative justice with regards to rape victims. It gives a definition of restorative justice according to different groups and describes how this form of justice is meant to assist the victim. The paper discusses restorative justice in relation to past cases of rapes and how the victims and families dealt with the crime.
From the Paper
"Because Lucy's bones were part of the evidence, the family could not receive them until the case was ended, but Marian did see her sister's bones; "I gasped at the sight of her skull - it was so beautiful, like burnished gold..." Meanwhile in order to bring closure, Marian was advised by her Buddhist counselor about restorative justice, and she became involved in mediation for other rape victims. Marian told a group of incarcerated rapists that her sister had been gagged before being killed, and so she, Marian, wished to hear their truths. "One of the prisoners who had committed multiple rape said, '...Until you spoke I was just play at victim empathy,' and it clearly helped him to understand what he'd done." And moreover, Marian is planning to write a letter to one of the two persons (now in prison) responsible for the mass murders (and Lucy's murder). "Those who know her [the convicted co-murderer] have advised me that it is not yet time to suggest..." a meeting between the two. "Meanwhile, I am content to continue sending her compassion," Marian concluded."
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Victims of Crime, 1994.
The incidence, victim profile, fear of crime, a comparison of San Jose, CA and Dayton, OH, geographical aspects, race, reporting and prosecution and victim rights.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"People in the United States worry a great deal about being victims of crime. According to public opinion polls, two Americans out of five--in large cities--are afraid to go out alone at night. Fear is more intense among black Americans than among whites, and among women than among men. The elderly are the most fearful of all; barricaded behind multiple locks, they often go hungry rather than risk the perils of shopping at night (Silberman, 1980, p. 3).
Although people are afraid, street crime is less dangerous than riding in an automobile, working around the house, swimming, or any number of other activities in which Americans engage without much concern. The chances of being killed in an automobile accident are 10 times greater than those of being murdered by a stranger, and the risk of death from a fall (such..."
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Victims in Contemporary African-American Literature, 2005.
Analyzes the evolution of victimization in 20th century African-American literature.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the differing aspects of economic, religious, education and gender roles have been sequentially analyzed in African-American literature. Through the works of 20th century authors, there have been steady stages of evaluations of the victim roles imparted on African- American from outside of their race, as well as those brought about by self-induced aspects of interior issues of African-Americans. The paper shows that in this manner, victimization is an evolutionary process that Ellison, Walker, Baldwin, and Wright infer within their plots, characters and racial issues in these texts.
From the Paper
"This literary study will analyze the evolution of African American literature throughout that 20^th century. By understanding the nature of economics of racism that began with Richard Wright's Native Son; the aspects religious victimization also developed in Baldwin's latter tale: Go Tell It on the Mountain. Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man "I could fly a plane if I had chance," Bigger said. "If you wasn't black and if you had some money and if they'd let you go to aviation school, you could fly a plane," Gus said "It's funny how the white folks treat us, aint it?" Bigger said. "It better be funny," Gus said (Wright 17). Gus and Bigger are two friends that relay the sense of economic disenfranchisement that a white hegemonic community has imparted upon them."
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Sex Offenders and Their Relationships with the Victims, 2006.
This paper discusses the problem of rape and child sexual abuse in America, with particular focus on the offender's relationship with the victim.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the motivation behind sexual offenders and the devastating effects of the crime on its victims. The paper explains that sexual offenders turn their victims into objects that they dominate and degrade and that sexual child abuse and rape hurts the individual mentally and spiritually. Furthermore, victims are often misunderstood and suffer long-term problems. The paper includes statistics on rape and child sexual abuse.
From the Paper
"According to the U.S. Department of Justice, "Somewhere in America, a woman is raped every 2 minutes" (American Rape Statistics 2006). Rape is a major problem in America with many women failing to report rape to the police or even their significant other. One in six American women has been the victim of an attempted or completed rape..." (2005). Are these women raped by strangers? Are these women harmed if they are not beaten or stabbed? The statistics on sexual child abuse is similar. "The typical child sex offender molests an average of 117 children, most of who do not report the offence" (Child Abuse 2006). Many of these victims become adults without telling anyone during their childhood years and often do not tell others even as adults. Child Abuse Research and Statistics show that "there are 60 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse in America today"."
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