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Urban Violence, 2004.
Examines the ripple effect of urban violence on the family and the wider community.
1,341 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an exploration of urban violence as it relates to a significant family stressor. The author examines the causes of violence as related to family stressors and applies a potential program to possibly effect change.
From the Paper
"One of the first things that the program will deal with is the mutual attitude problem in the urban areas. The police say that people approach them as if they are the enemy simply because they are in uniform, while the people in the area allege the police treat them all as if they are drug dealers. The program will hold neighborhood coffees once a month so that the police officers and those who live in the area can get to know each other before there is a need for communication. This will help reduce the barriers that exist between the two."
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Urbanization and Rural Urban Migration in China, 2006.
A discussion on the emerging-entrepreneurial class and rural urban migrations in China.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses urbanization and rural urban migration in developing countries. In particular, the paper discusses the role that the entrepreneurial class, made up most of rural peasant migrants, has had on China. Basically these individuals are responsible for all of the political and economic changes in China.
From the Paper
"Urbanization and rural-urban migrations are two very closely related phenomena. According to K. Jegasothy in "Population and Rural-Urban Environmental Interactions in Developing Countries," urbanization is conventionally defined as a process of spatial movement of a population towards towns and cities and their resulting expansion" (Jegasothy 1031). Urbanization is the direct result of rural-urban migrations. This is because urbanization is caused by people from rural areas moving into cities and towns. The rate of urbanization and rural-urban migrations has been increasing in recent decades."
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School Violence, 2007.
This paper discusses school violence and the often missed factor of crack cocaine.
3,466 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that school violence is addressed in various areas of research, often associated with impoverished urban American areas. The writer maintains that models pursued by researchers in different countries offer no conclusive explanation for school violence and they generally fail to comment on crack cocaine's various contributions to youth violence since the mid-1980s. This paper refers to studies of school violence that often omit a prism of crack cocaine-related issues that all educators now need to understand. The writer claims that insight is needed into what is different about the crack cocaine 'epidemic' and affiliated youth gang activity to promote several kinds of school violence, to which zero tolerance policies can be the only helpful recourse. This paper also includes reflection and presentation points.
Outline:
Introduction
American Studies, Forever
A Western Epidemic
Crack Cocaine in the Canadian Context
Zero Tolerance and the School as Refuge
The Emotionology of School Violence
Concluding Remarks - the Challenge for Teachers
From the Paper
"If one listens casually to North American adults discussing school violence, one gains a sense of how it is denounced in terms of bullying, under-disciplined or over-indulged children, or for that matter, under-privileged youths who are induced by the mass media to produce weapons in school settings. For example, Toronto's youth shootings of the last years have been discussed in terms of poverty, anti-Black racism or Black disadvantage, low opportunities, gangs and accessible handguns but without explaining in full to the public the drug around which youth gangs revolve and as crack cocaine has devastated several affected neighbourhoods in Toronto. When this factor is understood, a great many North Americans still fail to see how crack cocaine affects the individual, its links to serious mental disturbance and, as a prime symptom, frequent and uncontrollable violence in ordinary settings."
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"Taxi Driver", 1992.
A presentation of the idea that writer Paul Schrader and director Martin Scorsese created an overtly feminist political film. The film examines such issues as urban life, violence, power, politics, and the media as refletions of a male-dominated culture.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
""Taxi Driver"
Screenwriter Paul Schrader and director Martin Scorsese made an overtly political film in Taxi Driver (1976), a film that raises questions about contemporary urban life, sexual relationships and power, political action and hypocrisy, violence, and the response of the media to urban violence and the excessive value placed on image over reality. By the end of the film, image has become paramount, and the media is presented as a reflection of the male-dominated culture.
Scorsese has claimed that Taxi Driver is a feminist film, noting that "this picture just takes the idea of macho and takes it to its logical insane conclusion, graphically..."
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The Urbanization Process, 2002.
Looks at global variations in levels of urbanization and the relationship between urbanization, economic development and social conditions.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
For people who live in a country such as Canada, most are aware of the prominence of urban centers. In fact, the majority of people live and work in urban areas in most, if not all, industrialized countries. But this only serves to focus attention on topics such as global variations in levels of urbanization as well as the relationship between urbanization, economic development and social conditions. These topics will be covered in the analysis of this paper.
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Urban Sociology, 2008.
This paper discusses the term and the concept of urban and looks at how the urban setting directly impacts the social relations that are conducted within it.
1,207 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at the meaning of the term urban and discusses the extent that the urban setting shapes the social life which occurs within it. The writer notes that these issues are closely interrelated. This paper argues, the term "urban" must be understood as a sociological concept whose characteristics fundamentally define the social relations that occur within the urban space. The writer concludes that models of human social behaviour, such as civility, are developed in urban settings as a means of coping with the stresses of population densities as well as a cultural production that is deeply intertwined with economic and emotional relationships of humans as groups and as individuals.
From the Paper
"The relationship between the urban setting and the social life that occurs within it is thus complex but clear. The population densities and uses of space that physically characterize urban settings lead to a range of impacts upon social relations that, in many cases as in the cultural realm, seem indirect and would likely not be predicted. To use a metaphor, within a physical setting human population densities increase until a "critical mass" is attained, at which point "urbanity" comes into existence with an explosion of social and cultural forms that are distinct to urban life.
"Consider, for example, the arguments of some urban sociologists that the urban setting has led to a radical revisioning of fundamental human social interactions."
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From the Rural to Urban Areas: China and India, 2004.
This paper discusses the problems of urbanization, industrialization, and housing security in China and India as their populations immigrate from rural to urban areas.
2,565 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the spectacular growth and development of the urban habitation over the past 16 years is just the beginning of a gigantic phase of extension. The author points out that China?s ecological problems from the speedy urbanization and industrialization process in the recent decades generate social effects, causing a great deal of harm to human health, instigating economic and welfare suffering, and harming the environment in both urban and rural areas of China. The paper relates that, because of increasing industrialization and urbanization, the majority of the Indian cities have exceedingly compact habitation that results in overcrowding, clogging, obstruction, traffic jams, air pollution, noise pollution, as well as major deficiencies of vital requirements and necessities of life
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Impact of Urbanization, Industrialization And Housing Security on China
Ecological Problems in Urban China
The Problem of Water and Cleanliness in Urban China
The Problem of Clearance of Waste-Water in Urban China
The Problem of Air Pollution in Urban China
The Impact of Urbanization, Industrialization And Housing Security on India
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The velocity of urbanization and industrialization was extremely slow prior to the late 1970s when contrasted with other developing states. The proportion of urban inhabitants was 11.2 in 1950, and still barely 17.9 by 1978. This low degree of urbanization had been the consequence from purposeful procedures of restraining rural-urban immigration and urban increase. Economic restructurings have since accelerated the industrialization and urbanization procedures. Large numerals of towns, as well as, cities have surfaced, at the same time as old cities are quickly increasing their managerial spheres."
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Urban Planning in Canada, 2008.
This document discusses the need for greater urban planning across Canada.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that if Canada wishes to maintain its advantage in sustainability and environmental leadership, it must continue to implement urban planning as a core strategy of sustainable development. The paper focuses on the greater Toronto area and discusses how urban planners have defined its geographic boundaries by the character of the surrounding geography itself. The paper shows, however, how its overall boundary making strategy may not be as clear as it could be. The paper concludes that without the technology to remap the region for various purposes, assigning requisite resources for specific purposes would be very difficult indeed for the city's urban planners. The paper includes two color maps of Toronto.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Urban Boundaries in Planning
Determining Borders as Urban Planning
Urban Planning Characteristics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"European settlers, across the breadth of Canada, have long utilized boundary setting and the definition of geographical boundaries for both cartographic and political purposes. This began with the earliest colonization of the Canadian provinces and continues, to one degree or another, today. Harris points out that the expansion of the suburbs following World War II created growing strain on Canada's cities and its natural environment that was quickly recognized as a threat vis-a-vis sustainability (2004). Yet, with the ever expanding population following the war, due both to natural population growth as well as to Canada's ever-more friendly immigration policies, urban planning became not only a benefit to sustainable development but a necessity."
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New Urbanism: A Smart Way to Grow, 2002.
This paper provides a look at the principles of New Urbanism, a land development movement designed to combat ugly urban sprawl, by redeveloping inner cities and/or making the most efficient use of open space development.
1,923 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the topic, New Urbanism, synonymous with the term "Smart Growth" which is a way to develop land efficiently, whether it may be a new development using open space land, or a redevelopment of a part of an inner city- called "infilling". The paper explores the ten principles that New Urbanism is guided by and gives examples of developments across the country that have used this method and prospered.
From the Paper
"Small, picturesque towns like Nantucket and Savannah dot the eastern landscape of the country. These towns are the illustration of the principles America was founded upon: closeness, unity, community, and family. The neighborhoods were compact and had mixed-uses. Everything a family needed in the normal course of the week was all within walking distance. There was a town square where the townspeople met and talked. In the youth of this country small developments like these were common, however in the last 50 years America has seen development practices take a turn for the worse. The current practice of building suburbs nationwide sprang up after World War II, and development has sacrificed hundreds of thousands of acres to this practice ever since. Now the majority of U.S. citizens now live in automobile-oriented, unattractive suburbs full of strip malls and four-lane roads with four-foot sidewalks. Although this is still the norm, there is a new kind of development that is making an impact on the way communities are built. This new method, called New Urbanism or Smart Growth, has caught on in the last 20 years and is now popping up all over the country. New Urbanism is a way to combat ugly urban sprawl, replacing it instead with small, interconnected communities that are pedestrian-friendly and contain housing, work places, shops, entertainment, schools, parks, and other amenities essential to the daily lives of residents, all within easy walking distance of each other. New Urbanism involves using the principles it sets forth to fix and redevelop existing cities, called ?infilling?, as well as to create new, high-density, compact towns and villages."
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Urban Education, 2004.
An overview of the challenges facing urban education.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how urban education can be defined in many ways and how, from a strictly dictionary definition or technical standpoint, urban education is merely education offered to inner city students or students from within an urban setting. It also discusses how a more comprehensive perspective and definition of urban education would be to describe urban education as education directed at the nation's most deserving and wanting population, inner city youth.
Outline
Urban Education: An Overview
Issues Facing K-12 Leadership in Urban School Settings
From the Paper
"Urban education is perhaps the single most challenging sector of education within the United States today do to a variety of different factors unique to urban settings and inner cities. Urban education for decades has faced criticism from the public who often believes it has expert opinion about the manner in which students should be taught, regardless of their background (Goldenberg, et. al, 2003). Much of the public criticizes urban educators for failing to serve students in many ways. Test scores and overall student performance are community based issues in urban education that have oft been addressed by administrators and the public seeking to maximize a student?s potential for success in the future. Many people criticize urban education for failing students, without first addressing the issues facing urban educators."
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Urbanization, Poverty, Growth and Inequality, 2006.
Presents an overall picture of development and urbanization with various factors affecting them.
3,386 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects of urbanization on various factors affecting development, poverty and income inequality, based on empirical data obtained from various sources. The following factors are analyzed across various countries, based on the latest data available: Economic growth measured in terms of GDP per Capita in US$ (PPP), absolute poverty at $1 per day standard, poverty gap, Gini Index, openness of trade, percentage of population living in urban areas, annual percentage migration of population to urban areas, the Corruption Perception Index ,etc. These factors are analyzed to arrive at correlations they have with urbanization in order to determine to some extent whether urbanization is inevitable for development of a country and what are the consequences associated with the phenomenon.
Paper Outline:
Urbanization and other factors affecting Economic Growth
Factors affecting Urbanization
Determinants of Poverty Deepening (Poverty Gap)
Factors Affecting Absolute Poverty
Factors Affecting Gini Index
Determinants of Human Development Index
Concluding Remarks
References and Bibliography
From the Paper
"However, contrary to above, it can be seen that absolute poverty alone is not the cause for urbanization. In other words, where even in urban areas people do not find enough jobs, they would like to stay in rural areas. The negative correlation between absolute poverty (measured in terms of earning per capita less than $1 per day), and the percentage of urban population means that as poverty increases, urbanization decreases. However, this may not be the trend the world over. If we have a glance at the countries considered in this analysis, it can be seen that they are least developed countries."
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Urban Riots, 2007.
This paper explores four urban riots in the US that were manifestations of the same urban troubles.
1,714 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the causes behind urban riots and focuses on the Watts riot in 1965, the Newark riot in 1967, the Miami riot in 1980 and the Los Angeles riot in 1992. The paper shows how these riots were all triggered by police brutality perpetrated by white cops against black citizens. The paper demonstrates the racial profiling and the unfairness of the criminal justice system that aroused public tensions. The paper shows how rioting can be viewed as disorganized, yet pointed attempts to mobilize a disenfranchised population to achieve political power. The paper concludes that cities and their governments must learn from these four significant events in American urban history.
From the Paper
"Urban riots often indicate underlying social unrest. The largest riots in modern American history can be traced to race and class issues that transcend and predate the proximate cause of the rioting. For example, the Watts riot in 1965, the Newark riot in 1967, the Miami riot in 1980, and the Los Angeles riot in 1992 were each triggered by striking similar events and were manifestations of the same urban troubles. In each of these cases, the rioting was triggered by white-on-black police brutality and jury verdicts that seemed unjust. The police brutality also relates to racial profiling in each of these riot incidents, reflecting injustices within law enforcement institutions."
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The Role of Non-Profit Organizations in Urban Politics, 2002.
This paper reviews the role that non-profit organizations play in urban politics, especially in decision making, urban redevelopment and social service issues.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the history of the relationship between non-profit organizations and urban politics, with reference to a review of the literature provided. In addition, a proposal is made to create a model for responsible development programs through community resident and other oversights to enable goal achievement and minimize/eliminate system abuse.
From the Paper
"Urban communities rely on nonprofit organizations to provide public services, promote community partnerships, and to provide coalitions to solve a variety of problems facing urban areas. The participation of these neighborhood and city-wide association and groups helps in the planning and oversight of many municipal services.Nonprofit organizations play a very important role in urban politics. They are the way in which ordinary citizens can participate in doing charitable work, provide a form of grass-roots democracy by allowing people having similar goals to group together to have a greater voice than any one of them could have alone, and they support urban government and services in many ways the government does not have the manpower or the funds to do on its own."
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Urbanism, 2004.
Analysis of two essays, "The Metropolis and Mental Life" and ?Urbanism as a Way of Life?, about the effects of urbanism.
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the negative conclusion drawn by two authors, George Simmel and Louis Wirth, in two essays about the impact of urbanization on human beings.
From the Paper
"The two authors of these essays, especially, Simmel has tried to maintain an objective stance on urbanism but has failed to reach a positive conclusion. He, like Wirth, makes it clear that urban life with all its benefits and advantages is still not worth pursuing for it leads to psychological problems that affect a man?s relationship with the society and his community. Similarly Wirth points out what, he believes, is wrong with the urban phenomena and shows the negative impact of it has on human beings. In this way, they both appear to support Nietzsche?s theories and his utter hatred for metropolitan lifestyle and capitalism."
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Urban Planning: Ebenezer Howard, 2005.
This paper examines the influence of nineteenth-century Englishman Ebenezer Howard on urban planning.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Ebenezer Howard's role in the advancement of urban planning. The author points out that Howard understood the necessity of asserting control over urban development. The paper further describes Howard's belief that controlling urban development improves city life, enhances productivity, increases efficiency and reduces the socioeconomic and political problems that uncontrolled urbanization produced. The paper relates that Howard believed that the negative aspects of urbanization could be minimized and eventually eliminated through logical urban planning to which he devoted his life.
From the Paper
"In analyzing the advancement of urban planning, it is evident that innovative urban thinkers, like Ebenezer Howard, understood the vital importance of promoting and achieving effective urban development. Throughout the centuries, most cities expanded outward from their central core in a haphazard fashion in response to a variety of short-term economic, social and geographical factors. As this random process unfolded, cities became sprawling urban areas in which the quality of human life steadily declined, economic productivity suffered, and social and political tensions became chronic problems. "
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