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Urban Utopias in the 20th Century, 2006.
This paper explores two of the three 'urban utopias' described in Robert Fishman's "Utopias in the Twentieth Century" as envisioned by Frank Lloyd Wright and Ebenezer Howard.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper details the vision of a perfect society as proposed by Frank Lloyd Wright and Ebenezer Howard, both considered revolutionary thinkers of their time. This paper focuses on two of the three 'urban utopias' detailed in "Utopias of the Twentieth Century" written by Robert Fishman. Wright's vision of Broadacre City was to create small pockets of low-density development, reducing populations in major urban areas, whereas Howard's Garden City was planned to be an estate embracing an area of 6,000 acres. The writer of this paper also examines how Wright and Howard's visions influenced contemporary society and contends that evidence of their ideas can still be seen all over the world. This paper also discusses how both disagreed on many issues yet held similar views in their plans for the ideal city.
Table of Contents:
"Broadacre City"
"The Garden City"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Suburbs generally could be said to have little or no meaning. Many of them are purely bedroom communities, with few businesses, perhaps a branch of the local bank. Many do not have economies that could support them. People who live in the commute as much as an hour and a half each way to their place of work on a daily basis. One's car becomes more of a home environment than any other place. Energy consumption in the U.S. due to the availability of cheap energy is through the roof, most of it provided by fossil fuel, not the least of the culprits is the automobile."
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Urbanization and Rural Urban Migration in China, 2006.
A discussion on the emerging-entrepreneurial class and rural urban migrations in China.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses urbanization and rural urban migration in developing countries. In particular, the paper discusses the role that the entrepreneurial class, made up most of rural peasant migrants, has had on China. Basically these individuals are responsible for all of the political and economic changes in China.
From the Paper
"Urbanization and rural-urban migrations are two very closely related phenomena. According to K. Jegasothy in "Population and Rural-Urban Environmental Interactions in Developing Countries," urbanization is conventionally defined as a process of spatial movement of a population towards towns and cities and their resulting expansion" (Jegasothy 1031). Urbanization is the direct result of rural-urban migrations. This is because urbanization is caused by people from rural areas moving into cities and towns. The rate of urbanization and rural-urban migrations has been increasing in recent decades."
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Utopian Writers of the 17th Century, 2007.
A review of different concepts of utopia as expressed by 17th century utopian writers.
6,330 words (approx. 25.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the utopian literature and ideas put forth by writers and philosophers in the 17th Century. It reviews and analyzes this literature from the perspective of literary critics and the writers who carve out utopian ideology and circumstance. It discusses the views that pinning down a definition for utopia is an exercise in opinion and not substantive fact.
Table of Contents:
Definitions Of Utopia: James Holstun
Definitions Of Utopia: Sir Thomas More
Definitions Of Utopia: J.C. Davis
Definitions Of Utopia: J.H. "Jack" Hexter
Eastern Definitions Of Utopia: Buddhism, Daoism, And Confucianism
Utopian Luminaries: Francis Bacon
Puritanism As Utopia
Utopian Luminaries: Mary Astell
From the Paper
"Once she had pulled herself out of the black hole she had been in, Astell was determined to do something positive for other women; and moreover, she wanted to help women in ways that transcended mere economic issues. She saw the "moral and spiritual destitution of many more" women than those she counted among the very poor and homeless, and she was very concerned for wealthy women who lacked humanistic values, according to Sutherland's critique. As Astell got her feet in the ground and became solvent, and later moved in high society, she "was deeply shocked by the superficiality of the lives of most women." Many of these wealthy women were just as impoverished morally as Astell had been impoverished materially and financially. In Proposal Astell describes in excellent narrative that she was "horrified by the waste of time, of intelligence, of talents given by God," Sutherland continues. And so, the book proposed the establishment of a "Protestant Nunnery" where women who were not married "could take refuge in a life of holiness and service.""
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Utopias in Children's Literature, 2007.
An analysis of theme and purpose in children's literature, using "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift, "The Giver" by Lois Lowry, and the cartoon "The Smurfs" as examples.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines utopias in children's literature in the stories "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift, "The Giver" by Lois Lowry, and the cartoon "The Smurfs". It explains how utopias have been created by the authors, in these stories, in order to explore the benefits and negative aspects of utopian life. The writer describes each of these three utopias in the stories. The writer further suggests that what may appear to be a utopia on the surface can be quite ugly when all of the implications are pondered, and when it is realized what has to be given up in terms of individuality and freedom in order to establish a rigidly controlled society. The writer concludes that all of these fictional utopias present moral themes important for children to learn, but also present deeper implications for adults to reflect upon.
From the Paper
"Reading and analyzing Gulliver's Travels, The Giver, and The Smurfs indicates that the basic purpose of these children's story utopias is the same, for they are meant to provide an easy, trouble-free existence for the inhabitants. The basic needs of daily life are well taken care of by established authorities, everything is meticulously planned, and dangers never arise. For children, these utopian environments are emotionally comforting, while providing a way of teaching morality and the importance of cooperating with others."
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Artistic Utopias, 2007.
An analysis of various artistic depictions of utopia from the past and present.
2,634 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the portrayal of utopia in art, whether it be literature, architecture or the fine arts. The paper presents examples of many types of depictions of utopia throughout history. The paper suggests that there is a new utopian revolutionary art where artists collaborate with the people of a community to restate their own history as the surroundings inspire them.
From the Paper
"Cuban artists currently have opened "Contemporary Art from Cuba: Irony and Survival on the Utopian Island" with a range of artists exhibiting from 24 to 39, at the ASA Museum at the University of Arizona, an art museum known for exhibiting work experimental in content, form or presentation. These artists show they are disillusioned with the socialist Revolution, yet they remain loyal Cubans."
"Land artists, who create monumental sculptures, perhaps are those most successful in living out their utopian ideals in large scale, such as Michael Heizer, who has spent three decades creating a huge collection of truncated pyramids in the Nevada desert, Charles Ross, who has a subterranean Stonehenge for the space age in New Mexico and Christo, who has tried to wrap up the world like a present."
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Utopias And Dystopias, 2002.
Compares two visions of society.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Compares two visions of society. Based on Thomas More's "Utopia" and George Orwell's novel "1984." More's Utopia as example of what society ought to be. Orwell's dystopia as an example of what society might become. Contrasts the governments depicted in each work. Nature of European society of More's time. Orwell's depiction of a society rules by government thought control.
From the Paper
"The distinction between a utopia and a dystopia is often in the eye of the beholder, for what some see as working, others see as failing. Thomas More in his Utopia suggests what society ought to be, while George Orwell in 1984 warns about what society might become. Some aspects of the forms of government depicted by the two are similar, but the emphasis given these issues by their authors are different.
Sir Thomas More, is probably best known for his confrontation with King Henry VIII, for which he lost his life. He was a statesman as well as a political and social philosopher. His most famous work is his Utopia, a book in which he created his version of a perfect society and gave his name to such conceptions ever after as "utopias." The word is of Greek origin, a play on the Greek word eutopos, meaning good ..."
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Self-mastery, Utopias and "Robinson Crusoe", 2006.
An essay examining Daniel Defoe's depiction of what is necessary to build a utopian society in his novel, "Robinson Crusoe".
1,611 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how Daniel Defoe's novel, "Robinson Crusoe", uses the tale of a shipwrecked soldier to criticize the society in which he lived, show what is necessary for the formation of a utopian society and discuss the benefits of self-mastery.
From the Paper
"In describing the process used to achieve self-mastery, Defoe gives symbolism to the objects that surround Crusoe and support the idea of the creation of a utopian environment. The island's newly cultivated barley and corn, which Crusoe calls a "prodigy of Nature" (Defoe 80), are symbolic of the spiritual and emotional growth that is taking place within the character. Of course, these grains, however, also serve as a main source of food for Crusoe. The idea of the island and Crusoe living together and giving to one another in harmony fully supports the idea of a utopian society in which humans can develop their abilities. It is at this point in the book that Crusoe realizes that he can depend upon himself in order to survive. Furthermore, at this point, Crusoe also realizes that his "misfortune" of becoming stranded on an island is actually a blessing (Defoe 66)."
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The Urbanization Process, 2002.
Looks at global variations in levels of urbanization and the relationship between urbanization, economic development and social conditions.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
For people who live in a country such as Canada, most are aware of the prominence of urban centers. In fact, the majority of people live and work in urban areas in most, if not all, industrialized countries. But this only serves to focus attention on topics such as global variations in levels of urbanization as well as the relationship between urbanization, economic development and social conditions. These topics will be covered in the analysis of this paper.
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Urban Sociology, 2008.
This paper discusses the term and the concept of urban and looks at how the urban setting directly impacts the social relations that are conducted within it.
1,207 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at the meaning of the term urban and discusses the extent that the urban setting shapes the social life which occurs within it. The writer notes that these issues are closely interrelated. This paper argues, the term "urban" must be understood as a sociological concept whose characteristics fundamentally define the social relations that occur within the urban space. The writer concludes that models of human social behaviour, such as civility, are developed in urban settings as a means of coping with the stresses of population densities as well as a cultural production that is deeply intertwined with economic and emotional relationships of humans as groups and as individuals.
From the Paper
"The relationship between the urban setting and the social life that occurs within it is thus complex but clear. The population densities and uses of space that physically characterize urban settings lead to a range of impacts upon social relations that, in many cases as in the cultural realm, seem indirect and would likely not be predicted. To use a metaphor, within a physical setting human population densities increase until a "critical mass" is attained, at which point "urbanity" comes into existence with an explosion of social and cultural forms that are distinct to urban life.
"Consider, for example, the arguments of some urban sociologists that the urban setting has led to a radical revisioning of fundamental human social interactions."
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Race, Ethnicity, and Utopia, 2005.
A look at the topic of utopia in literature and how utopia deals with problems of racism and ethnic differences.
3,019 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with the way that race is an issue in three modern utopian or distopian art pieces, David Brin?s "Kiln People", the recent movie release of "Lord of the Rings", and the "Star Trek" television series. The paper explains that these three sources have been selected because all three of them are among the most popular of recent works in their respective genres, and each presents a strong utopian vision which, on the surface, is devoid of racism and may even present anti-racist messages, but at its center actually deals with serious issues of race and ethnicity.
From the Paper
"Even before Moore, though, philosophers such as Plato created imaginary societies that showed the problems and the potential of the world. The earliest Utopias were probably places like Plato?s Republic, which while not overtly racist did include stratification into slaves and masters and a ?myth? that different people were born of essentially different qualities . Writing about Utopia was resumed seriously during the Renaissance, as interest in ideal government and long-lost cultures was renewed. (Donough) It became extremely prominent as a form of fiction, in addition to being philosophical, during the Victorian age and through the early 1900s. This was when science fiction was first being pioneered by people like Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, (Wagner) and they were among the first to integrate Utopian and Dystopian story-lines into their fiction. For example, Well?s The Time Machine, includes a very Dystopian idea of the future in which all humans are split into two competing and incomplete races."
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From the Rural to Urban Areas: China and India, 2004.
This paper discusses the problems of urbanization, industrialization, and housing security in China and India as their populations immigrate from rural to urban areas.
2,565 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the spectacular growth and development of the urban habitation over the past 16 years is just the beginning of a gigantic phase of extension. The author points out that China?s ecological problems from the speedy urbanization and industrialization process in the recent decades generate social effects, causing a great deal of harm to human health, instigating economic and welfare suffering, and harming the environment in both urban and rural areas of China. The paper relates that, because of increasing industrialization and urbanization, the majority of the Indian cities have exceedingly compact habitation that results in overcrowding, clogging, obstruction, traffic jams, air pollution, noise pollution, as well as major deficiencies of vital requirements and necessities of life
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Impact of Urbanization, Industrialization And Housing Security on China
Ecological Problems in Urban China
The Problem of Water and Cleanliness in Urban China
The Problem of Clearance of Waste-Water in Urban China
The Problem of Air Pollution in Urban China
The Impact of Urbanization, Industrialization And Housing Security on India
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The velocity of urbanization and industrialization was extremely slow prior to the late 1970s when contrasted with other developing states. The proportion of urban inhabitants was 11.2 in 1950, and still barely 17.9 by 1978. This low degree of urbanization had been the consequence from purposeful procedures of restraining rural-urban immigration and urban increase. Economic restructurings have since accelerated the industrialization and urbanization procedures. Large numerals of towns, as well as, cities have surfaced, at the same time as old cities are quickly increasing their managerial spheres."
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Urban Sprawl in the 21st Century, 2005.
A review of the late 20th century phenomenon, the 'Urban Sprawl'.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses what is known as the 'urban sprawl'. According to this paper, the urban sprawl is the shifting trend of young adults that were raised in the suburbs by parents who left the city for a more suburban lifestyle, returning to the city to make their home.
From the Paper
"In the latter half of the 20th century the phenomenon of urban sprawl came to define the urban and suburban landscapes of North America. However, towards the end of the 1990s and in the early 21st century geographers began to take note of shifting trends regarding urban sprawl as formerly suburbanized populations, such as the children of the "baby boom" generation, began returning to the cities."
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?Utopia?, 2002.
A discussion of the cultural and historical contexts of Thomas More?s ?Utopia?.
2,660 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Thomas More?s "Utopia", a work that is a complex critique of sixteenth century northern European society. It examines how this critique is accomplished by way of postulating various ideal conditions that exist on an imaginary island called Utopia and how these conditions are contrasted with the conditions prevalent in the Europe of More?s day. It analyzes how one of these ideal concepts that Utopia gives us is the description of how perfection has been achieved, namely, through the eradication of pride ? the root of all evil in humankind. It examines this concept while being mindful of the socio-historical contexts of the sixteenth century.
From the Paper
"By the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Renaissance was coming into its own in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and England (although it was waning in Italy), by way of humanist thinkers. These northern humanists are sometimes called ?Christian humanists? in that they believed that it was a human being?s privilege to seek happiness in this life, and that this true happiness was based on reason; however this happiness was only truly attained by divine grace. The northern Renaissance particularly focused on a program of practical reform in a wide rage of areas, including religion, education, and government. But there was an inherent tension in this position, since often these humanist reformers were also members of the political establishment ? in brief, most were courtiers."
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Plato's "Republic" and More's "Utopia", 2002.
A comparison of Plato's "Republic" and Thomas More's "Utopia".
2,360 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper compares aspects of Plato" Republic" and More's "Utopia", including political systems, economic systems, societal responsibilities and communications. The author also discusses the pros and cons of each Utopia.
Each utopia has fundamental ways to keep society from
degenerating. Their economic system, communications,
societal responsibilities, and political systems show how
they try to do this.
Communications: Each utopia has a different stance on
communicating with the outside world.
Societal Responsibility: Each utopia provides a different
way to produce the desired effect of having each
member of society provided for.
Political System: Leaders of each utopia are chosen
through different means.
Most attractive aspects of each utopia.
Least attractive aspects of each utopia.
From the Paper
"People complain most about economics, their ability to communicate, their responsibilities to society, and who is leading them. Both Plato and More attempt to solve the problems within these categories. They create societies in which these problems, according to them, are solved, so that the societies will run smoothly, and the citizens will remain happy. The two authors create differing societies; societies that are easy to compare and contrast as to their usefulness. Each society, because they do differ, contain both attractions to it, as well as things that would disenfranchise citizens."
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Urban Planning in Canada, 2008.
This document discusses the need for greater urban planning across Canada.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that if Canada wishes to maintain its advantage in sustainability and environmental leadership, it must continue to implement urban planning as a core strategy of sustainable development. The paper focuses on the greater Toronto area and discusses how urban planners have defined its geographic boundaries by the character of the surrounding geography itself. The paper shows, however, how its overall boundary making strategy may not be as clear as it could be. The paper concludes that without the technology to remap the region for various purposes, assigning requisite resources for specific purposes would be very difficult indeed for the city's urban planners. The paper includes two color maps of Toronto.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Urban Boundaries in Planning
Determining Borders as Urban Planning
Urban Planning Characteristics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"European settlers, across the breadth of Canada, have long utilized boundary setting and the definition of geographical boundaries for both cartographic and political purposes. This began with the earliest colonization of the Canadian provinces and continues, to one degree or another, today. Harris points out that the expansion of the suburbs following World War II created growing strain on Canada's cities and its natural environment that was quickly recognized as a threat vis-a-vis sustainability (2004). Yet, with the ever expanding population following the war, due both to natural population growth as well as to Canada's ever-more friendly immigration policies, urban planning became not only a benefit to sustainable development but a necessity."
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