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Unsuccessful Presidents, 2002.
A paper on Andrew Johnson, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley and Herbert Hoover and why their presidencies were unsuccessful.
2,416 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the period between 1865 and 1940, focusing on the presidents who served during this time in the United States. While a total of 15 presidents are named, the writer believes that 4 of them were unsuccessful and are not remembered fondly by historians. This paper presents the reasons why Andrew Johnson, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley and Herbert Hoover are considered to be the unsuccessful presidents.
Contents:
Opening Question
Unsuccessful Presidents Identified? 1865 ? 1940
Andrew Johnson
Grover Cleveland
William McKinley
Herbert Hoover
Political Characteristics
Political Party
Congressional Issues
Johnson?s Problems with Congress
Cleveland?s Problems with Congress
McKinley?s Problems with Congress
Hoover?s Problems with Congress
Keynesian Economics
Using it to Achieve Goals
Americans Unconcerned with Problems Outside of Borders.
Rural Country First
Disdain for Strong Leaders
Personal Patterns
Economic Issues
Concern for the Economy
Democratic Ideals
Changing Policy
Class Issues
Failing to Change
From the Paper
"When William McKinley became president in 1896, the country was just coming out of the economic depression of 1893. The Democrats wanted to issue silver coins freely. Foreign affairs became his focus when reports of hostilities in Cuba reached the United States. Newspaper reports prodded Congress to vote three resolutions tantamount to a declaration of war for the liberation and independence of Cuba. In the 100-day war that followed, the United States destroyed the Spanish fleet outside Santiago harbor in Cuba, seized Manila in the Philippines, and occupied Puerto Rico."
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Successful vs. Unsuccessful Aging, 2002.
A comparison of successful and healthy aging as opposed to unsuccessful and unpleasant aging.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and clarifies the debate over different types of aging. Starting with the revolutionary work of Havighurst in the late 1960?s and incorporating research from the present day, this paper defines the three central components of aging: physiological, psychological (cognitive), and social. Numerous examples of both successful and unsuccessful aging across all three components are described, and backed by empirical research. No clear ?recipe? for successful aging can be given, but this paper is a thorough and modern overview of this facet of psychology as it stands today.
From the Paper
"In the late 16th century the Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon set out on a quest to discover the fountain of youth. Intruding into uncharted and hostile Indian Territory, de Leon was struck dead by an arrow to his heart, at the age of 47. Today millions of Americans and billions worldwide are experiencing the golden years that evaded De Leon. But does older age necessarily equate to 'golden years'? Since at least the 1960s gerontologists have been developing conceptual frameworks, called schema, to describe ideal outcomes of the aging process. One of the most commonly used terms to describe good old age is "successful aging", often attributed to R.J. Havighurst (1961). This concept lies at the core of the practice of gerontology; the Havighurst article appeared as the first conceptual piece in the first issue of the discipline's prime publication, The Gerontologist. Defining 'successful' aging has been an issue of debate ever since. However, a complete definition must include at least three components: physiological, psychological (or cognitive), and social. It also must be able to be clearly distinguished from the opposite end of the spectrum, namely, 'unsuccessful' aging."
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Che Guevara: The Unsuccessful Revolutionary, 2006.
A critical look at Che Guevara's life as a revolutionary, more specifically, his intentions and the outcome of his actions and their effects.
2,814 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
Che's post-"Motorcycle Diaries" life as a revolutionary is reviewed from his first encounter with resistance in Guatemala to his successful revolt in Cuba to his execution in Bolivia. Topics including Che's beliefs and ideologies, his revolution attempts and the immediate and indirect effects of his actions are explored through Che's own writings and a host of factual and opinionated reviews from Che's time to the present day. After thorough review of the topic, a look is taken at the range of contemporary opinion held about Che and specific viewpoints are highlighted. Finally, a conclusion is drawn in comparison and contrast to contemporary views, finding that Che's intentions were indeed admirable, however the effect of his efforts was sub-par.
From the Paper
"Che believed that for capitalism to be crushed, a complete social revolution, a worldwide uprising and cooperative movement of the working class would be necessary: "it must be defeated in a world confrontation" ("Che":Wikiquote). As later revealed in a public speech in the Algers, Che also believed that unless the soviets and other major communist powers were prepared to give unconditional support to reforming third-world countries (resulting in a loss for their own countries) they were no better than the profit-seeking imperialists themselves (Che 127). Making this particular speech worsened his relations with Russia (James 131), then allies of Cuba, but stands as testament to Che's unwillingness to curb his beliefs against the powerful, even if it meant scrutinizing allies. Necessary to fighting for a good cause is the unwillingness to compromise that cause."
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Mario Vargas Llosa's Campaign For Peru's Presidency, 1999.
Analyzes the novelist's unsuccessful 1990 campaign, platform, economic reform, decentralization and anti-terrorist plan.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Mario Vargas Llosa's first and foremost claim to fame is as one of Peru's most famous and acclaimed novelists. He began his literary career in the 1960's and is the author of The Cubs and Other Stories, Captain Pantoja and the Special service, Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, and The Real Life of Alejandro Mayta, among many others. His talent and success allowed him to spend time abroad; he studied in Madrid and lived in Paris and London. While serving on a literary-award committee in Cuba in 1966, he learned of a program to "cure" homosexuals; offended by this program, Vargas Llosa began his first venture into politics by drawing up a petition against it. In July of 1987, while listening to a speech by Peruvian President Alan Garc?a, whose politics, Vargas Llosa writes, "seemed like a time bomb," Vargas Llosa became afflicted by "the disease of politics." The ..."
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The Populist Party and William Jennings Bryan, 2006.
An examination of the 19th century Populist Party and its most well-known leader, William Jennings Bryan.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the Populist Party, founded in 1891, to address the economic depression in the post-Civil War era. The paper begins with an analysis of the party's role in American politics at the time, its social reform agenda, and the influence of William Jennings Bryan, the party's presidential nominee in 1896. Next, the paper tracks Bryan's political career, including another three unsuccessful runs for the presidency. Special attention is paid to Bryan's controversial involvement in the Scopes trial, which the author purports may have led to his untimely death.
From the Paper
"Every generation in American history has maintained political characteristics that distinguish it from other eras. Indeed, in light of the terrorist events at the start of this century, contemporary society will likely be remembered as a fiercely patriotic generation that generally supported its President even if there were issues that might have otherwise caused division. Likewise, the Populist Party was a political party that took a prominent part in United States politics during the 1890's. The party resulted from a variety of unsolved abuses, especially the continuing decline in prices of such crops as wheat and cotton. Several small groups of people seeking reforms united to form the party."
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Marijuana Reform, 2006.
An analysis of why the marijuana reform failed during the 1970s.
5,441 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
During the 1960s it is estimated that nearly 45 million Americans used marijuana at least once. This paper attempts to determine why, with so many people using the drug, the fight for legalization in the 1970s was so unsuccessful. It looks at how between the public's mistrust in the government due to Vietnam and political scandals, the lack of evidence that marijuana had any significant harms and the advent of NORML (National Organization For Reform Of Marijuana Laws) and other advocacy groups the marijuana movement, by all estimates should have had greater success. In order to determine the reason for its unsuccessful conclusion, the paper closely examines the public debate over marijuana during the 1970s, the effects NORML had on public sentiment and President Nixon and President Carter's stance on marijuana and their relationships with the reform movement.
From the Paper
"Until the 1960's most Americans listened to the propaganda the government stated about the harms of marijuana. Much of this propaganda aimed at maintaining the drug as one used by marginalized individuals that made them aggressive and crazy. The ad campaigns of the 1920's through the 1950's turned middle class America avidly against the drug. As the times changed so did many people's attitudes. By the time the 1960's approached, a new era of young people began to emerge. This group was much more free thinking and skeptical of the government. Unlike the parents of many 1960's youth, who had been through a depression and a World War, this new generation was less reliant on government assistance and information. "
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Hurricane Katrina and George W. Bush's Ratings, 2006.
A reflection of Hurricane Katrina on George W. Bush's public relations ratings.
8,421 words (approx. 33.7 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of public relations regarding the Katrina disaster for President George W. Bush and the Republican Party.
This is in light of the fact that the public approval of the president's handling of his job and personal favorability ratings have declined to low levels among American voters. The Bush administration's decisions on the War in Iraq are increasingly unpopular among voters, with low approval rates of the president's handling of the war and deep doubts about the value of the war in relation to costs. The president's ratings have sharply declined as a result of the president's handling of Hurricane Katrina. The paper concludes that voters are increasingly dissatisfied with Bush's presidency. It is therefore clear that the Bush administration will have to work long and hard to come up with new ideas for improving the president's image or face an unsuccessful second term.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Methodology and Data Collection
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Appendices
From the Paper
"In recent months, much of America's attention has been focused upon the tragedies associated with Hurricane Katrina's damage to Louisiana. Among the issues associated with the aftermath has been the performance of President George W. Bush and the federal government in responding to the catastrophe. Many national polls (Silverman, 2005, CBS News, 2005) have shown significant dissatisfaction with Bush's handling of the hurricane's damage."
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Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1990.
This paper discusses the "Bay of Pigs" Invasion and the exiles' unsuccessful attempt to invade Cuba in 1961.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss the "Bay of Pigs" Invasion, and the exiles' unsuccessful attempt to invade Cuba in 1961.
From time to time in the later 1950s subscribers to the "New York Times" read, under the byline of Herbert L. Matthews, captivating accounts of bearded young Cuban revolutionaries hiding out in the tangled jungles of that island's Sierra Maestra range. Their leader was a hulking, verbose lawyer in his early thirties, Fidel Castro Ruz. Castro had landed in Cuba on Christmas of 1956 with just twelve men. Taking to the hills before dictator Fulgencio Batista's soldiers could seize them, they unfurled the red and black flag of their 26th July movement, so named for a desperate attack led by Castro on Santiago Batistianos on July 26, 1953, and called on Cuban lovers of ... "
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Success in History, 2002.
Explores cases of unsuccessful individual throughout history, within the context of "The Global Experience: Readings in World History Since 1551 Volume II".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper shall explore the book "The Global Experience: Readings in World History Since 1551 Volume II (Fourth Edition)". This book focuses on the primary documents of those that have experienced any number of challenges within their lives, their social causes, or their careers. However, despite the wide range of successes that many of these individual enjoyed, it can be seen that many of those that are described in chapters 54 - 98 are unable to overcome their problems to the extent made by the others described in this work.
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Construction Projects, 2002.
Compares the Golden Gate Bridge and the Eurotunnel to determine whether they were successful or unsuccessful construction projects.
3,668 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
When considering the variables that influence the outcome of a major construction project, it is important to recognize that a project is nothing more or nothing less than a one-time job that has definite starting and ending points, clearly defined objectives, scope and a budget. In order to determine what distinguishes a successful major construction project from one which fails, two projects are compared in this paper. The first is the Golden Gate Bridge, completed in 1937, under conditions which would try the patience and test the competencies of its designers, builders, and sponsors. The second construction project is the Eurotunnel, also known as the Chunnel, the underwater tunnel linking England and France. Completed in the early 1990s, the Chunnel stands as an excellent example of a major construction project which was ultimately successful in the sense of structural integrity and to an extent, customer satisfaction, but a miserable failure in terms of scheduling and massive budgetary or cost overruns.
From the Paper
"In 1989, Andrew Phillips (1989) reported on major problems which were seriously disrupting the completion of the project. Initially, the engineers and managers faced technical obstacles that delayed start-up and construction of the project. Though these obstacles were overcome, soaring costs had added approximately $1.9 billion to the cost of the tunnel itself. To make matters worse, Phillips (1989) maintains that the estimated costs of a planned high-speed rail link between London and the Chunnel?s English terminal near Folkestone, more than doubled. In 1987, the company building the tunnel put the total cost of the project at $9.1 billion - this was raised to $10.2 billion in 1988, and in 1989, analysts predicted that the cost of the Chunnel would ultimately reach $11 billion."
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Mergers and Acquisitions, 2004.
A discussion of how seemingly sound mergers and acquisitions (M&A) strategies and financially lucrative deals can be unsuccessful if not properly handled.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, although many companies have experienced enormous success in the arena of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), recent empirical studies suggest that, throughout the past three decades, the majority of M&A deals did not deliver what was expected, nor did the companies involved do as well as peer companies that steered clear of M&A. It explores why M&A deals go awry by looking at how performance measures might be used to judge the effectiveness of mergers and takeovers.
From the Paper
"A recent study by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) tracked companies' performance over a 10-year period from 1992 to 2002 (Hahn, 2004). The results showed that M&As are frequently successful in the long run, despite research that says that they are more likely to fail. The consulting group even lists Time Warner among the successful companies, even though the company's stock plummeted after merging with America Online Inc. and the company a nearly $50 billion write-down on the deal in 2003. Over the 10-year period of the study, however, BCG calculates that Time Warner had an annualized total return to shareholders of 68.8 percent."
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David Gillborn on British Education, 2005.
An analysis of British academic David Gillborn's research on the failure of the British education system, focusing on the unsuccessful mixture of social groups.
2,358 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the way Gillborn views Britain's school system. It points out that Gillborn concludes that, as a result of political neglect, students of racial and ethnic diversity remain a marginal concern at the national level in schools and are still systematically excluded from their own schools. The paper discusses how Gillborn gives a hopeless forecast for the future, ultimately, implying that the increasing concern among teachers about social justice and equality issues are still at popular odds with the social concerns of the people. The paper concludes that the real question Gillborn leaves remaining is to the nature of his address and at whom it is focused; ultimately, policy makers, educators, academics and students should be well-versed in it, if any of the systematic failure he addresses should change.
From the Paper
"The refusal of the British government to directly address policy to the ethnic and racial discrimination occurring in the school systems worsened not only the system, but also the lives of millions of children, Gillborn concludes. Unlike the direct and explicit policy of American schools to address these demographic discrepancies, the British system, instead, amorphously moved around the issue, approaching it with a meta-interest that extended no further than a special group appointed to address multicultural education in the National Curriculum. This work, however, was never published. (Tomlinson 1991.) Gillborn critiques the government for its construction of not only its system but its attainment of education reforms as well, which he says that, without ever actually addressing race, clearly construct a particular version of a nation, its heritage ,and traditions, excluding any real debate over the treatment and forecast for specific groups. (Gillborn, 1999, pg. 14.)"
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Anti-Vietnam War Films, 1990.
This paper discusses the Vietnam War and the anti-war film: Successful & unsuccessful efforts to portray war as mistake in "The Deerhunter", "Go Tell the Spartans", "Apocalypse Now" and "Full Metal Jacket".
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the Vietnam War and the anti-war film. Most critics have agreed that true antiwar films are virtually impossible to achieve. Many films which have been defined as anti-war films actually end up justifying or even glorifying the idea of warfare. In the early 1960s, ... claimed that the first criteria of an anti-war film is that it "not do positive harm by predisposing its audience toward war". ... most so-called anti-war films fail in meeting this criteria because they tend to glorify violence rather than condemn it. ... points out that "the images of senseless violence, horror, and waste that are usually employed in the commercially successful 'anti-war' films without doubt have a pornographic effect and remain in the soul as excitants and further incitements" . Such anti-war films do not ... "
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Wound Healing, 2003.
An analysis of the factors that contribute to successful and unsuccessful wound healing.
1,107 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how wounds and their subsequent repair are a process that occurs without complication in the majority of individuals throughout the course of their lives. It shows how there are a number of processes involved in the healing of a wound which include clot formation, inflammation, granulation formation, proliferation and remodeling. It covers the series of events that occur during the natural healing of an open wound in molecular detail and attempts to explain why some wounds do not heal well.
From the Paper
"Wounds and their subsequent repair are a process that occurs without complication in the majority of individuals throughout the course of their lives. Initially, a thrombus is formed by the activation of platelets. This is followed by an inflammatory phase that involves the influx of members of the innate immune system such as PMN and macrophages. The macrophage plays an important role by orchestrating these events, and releasing FGF to cause the formation of granulation tissue in the proliferative phase. Here, fibroblasts lay down collagen and extracellular matrix as well as aiding angiogenesis. The wound can then close due to the proliferation of keratinocytes. The resultant scar can then be remodelled over the following months. Infection and disease can inhibit this process."
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Terrorist Movements, 2002.
Examines successful vs. unsuccessful terrorism, using the PLO and The Red Brigades of Italy as examples.
4,507 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
The 'Red Brigades' was a terrorist group formed in 1969 in Italy as the result of student movements. They were an extreme left terrorist group with the goal of separating Italy from the Western alliance. The group advocated violence and targeted unionists, politicians and businessman who they claimed represented the ?establishment.? The paper shows that although the Red Brigade succeeded in acts of terror while operational, ultimately during the 1980s the organization declined due, in part, to internal schisms, operational failures and the arrests of many of the members. As a terrorist entity, one might consider the group a failure. The paper shows, in contrast, that the Palestinian Liberation Organization has successfully contributed to the cause of terror over time and factions of the organization still exist. The PLO of Palestine existed as a terrorism powerhouse and achieved some of their goals and continues to be a successful terrorist movement in Palestine. The paper examines what differentiates the two groups, whether one might consider the PLO successful and the Red Brigades a failure and whether one could consider a group described as ?terrorist? successful. The paper traces both groups' histories and looks at their similarities.
From the Paper
"One of the appealing aspects to prospective members of the organization was money. Adult males who joined the PLO not only received their pension, but their wives also received an allowance for the family. The Palestinian organization was successful for many reasons, not the least of which was relating to the common person. Many Palestinians and Arabs have for many years sought a unified existence. The PLO-Palestine offered just that. It united the common person for a common cause. The violent activities promoted by the organization were not seen as fruitless acts of maliciousness and horror; rather they were seen as activities dictated by higher powers for a good and unified purpose."
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