| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE": |
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Lack of Universal Health Care in U.S., 2001.
Rising cost of health care. Employer provided health insurance. Employee-based health plans. Growth of HMOs. Move toward health care reform. Government vs. private industry run universal health care.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 15 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"Few issues are as critical to individuals as their physical health. Yet the cost of health care in the United States is recognized as one of the most serious public issues facing Americans today. For many years, employers have provided, or subsidized, health care in one form or another to employees. In some cases, the employer provided health insurance and the employee could select the provider without limitation. In other cases, the employer joined a health maintenance organization which required employees to go to specific physicians and providers. Americans who did not work full-time, who did not work at all, or who worked for small companies often did not (and do not) have access to health insurance or health care on a regular basis. This research considers the state of the health care industry today, the ..."
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Universal Health Care, 2007.
A presentation of a potentially new and improved universal health care system for the United States.
1,883 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the present state of the health care system in the United States. In an effort to improve that system, the paper defines what constitutes a better health care system, what would be included in that system and the role of the parties involved in the new system. It then looks at the political and sociological factors that would be involved in enacting the changes presented (as a universal health care system) and ultimately, summarizes this new, universal health care system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Present State of United States Healthcare
Definition of a Better Health Care System
What is Included in a Better Health Care System
Role and Position of Payers, Purchasers and Providers in the New System
Political and Sociological Factors to Enact the Changes
Summary
From the Paper
"Politically, there needs to be a "crossing of the aisle" for those who are politically opposed to one another in the halls of Congress and Senate if the new system will ever happen because of the Federal role in financing, accounting, and administrating the new system. Perhaps most importantly, what the political officials need to understand is that this is an American, or more precisely human issue, rather than one that is associated with one political party or the other. A healthy population is best for everyone and should not be discarded for the sake of political wrangling, advantage, or the pursuit of power. If everyone in all political parties work together to allocate the necessary resources, then and only then can this system be born, grow and prosper over the long term (Nichols, 2003)."
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Universal Health Care Insurance, 2007.
An analysis of the pros and cons for universal health care insurance in the United States.
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the arguments for and against universal health care insurance in the United States. The paper concludes that health insurance coverage should be assured in a nation that is as financially strong as the United States and should be instituted according to the guidelines as set out by the National Institute of Medicine.
Table of Contents:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
I. Arguments Exist on Both Sides
II. Arguments Against Universal Health Care Insurance
III. Arguments in Support of Universal Health Care Insurance
IV. National Institute of Medicine Report Recommendations
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Arguments provided against the Universal Health Care Insurance include the reasons as follows: (1) There isn't a single government agency or division that runs efficiently; if they can't run an office such as the DMV efficiently, how can we expect them to handle something as complex as health care? (2) "Free" health care isn't really free since we must pay for it with taxes; expenses for health care would have to be paid for with higher taxes or spending cuts in other areas such as defense, education, etc. (3) Profit motives, competition, and individual ingenuity have always led to greater cost control and effectiveness; (4) Government-controlled health care would lead to a decrease in patient flexibility; (5) Patients aren't likely to curb their drug costs and doctor visits if health care is free; thus, total costs will be several times what they are now..."
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Universal Health Care, 2004.
A discussion on the issue of establishing a system of universal health care in the United States.
2,101 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the baby-boom generation is approaching retirement age and is going to be in need of medical and health care. It examines the importance of the government establishing a universal health care system. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this issue from social, economic, and political view points.
From the Paper
"Behind this struggle, health care costs are skyrocketing, and two primary reasons for the increase find their roots in these same two groups. Life expectancies in the country are getting longer, and the aging boomers will require more health care for longer periods of time. Funding for the existing government health care systems is declining due to the same reasons that Social Security is facing implosion. More citizens receiving benefits are fewer citizens are paying into the system. The simple equation of higher demand ?plus- lower funding ?plus- longer lives ?equals- higher costs."
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Universal Health Care, 2004.
An examination of the problem of the lack of universal health care in the United States.
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the situation in the United States to other countries that do provide comprehensive health care to their citizens, such as Canada, Germany, and Britain. It explains that medical care in the United States is among the most expensive in the world, does not provide much more than similar Western countries, and does not cover the underprivileged.
From the Paper
"According to Dracup and Bryan-Brown (2003), The New England Journal of Medicine has said, "If we had set out to design the worst system we could imagine, we couldn't have imagined one as bad as we have." The problems are two-fold and related: what health care we have costs too much, and too many people have no health insurance. It seems odd that in one of the wealthiest countries in the world, so many should be without health care. We might assume that those without health care are the poorest in our society, but in fact, 80% of families without coverage have a family member who works, part-time or full-time. One-third of those families have incomes of over $50,000 a year. Often, however, they work for a smaller company that does not provide health insurance. In spite of a good income, one devastating illness could destroy their apparent financial security (Dracup & Bryan-Brown, 2003)."
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Universal Health Care, 2005.
This paper criticizes the U.S. health care system by arguing that health care is a right, not a commodity.
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that basic health care for all people, including regular check-ups and the treatment of illnesses, should be considered a fundamental human right as stated in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. The author points out that the United States spends 14 percent of its GDP on health care and still does not provide for all its citizens; financially, the best interests of patients are rarely aligned with the best interests of doctors and most people cannot judge accurately, which allows health care costs to soar. The paper suggests that government needs to play a larger role in making health care affordable as proven by the superior care provided by Veterans' Administration (VA) hospitals.
From the Paper
"Because everyone ought to have health care and resources are limited, it is necessary to discover ways to distribute precious health care resources. John Rawls' model of distributive justice employs the concept of the "veil of ignorance," a useful tool for determining what is the fairest way to distribute goods among people. This idea is essentially a thought experiment, which requires that one imagines that societal roles were being completely redistributed, and that from behind a veil of ignorance, one does not know what role he or she will receive. This forces people to put themselves in the positions of even the least-cared-for members of society."
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Universal vs. Capital Health Care, 2002.
Examines the argument between providing health care to all Americans versus only to those who can afford it.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In the first year of the Clinton administration there was put forth the idea of a system of universal health care which would guarantee a minimum of health care services to every person in the United States. While it never came to fruition, the idea was divisive and sparked a discussion that continues - do we need a system in which all people can have health care, or should it continue to be only for those who can afford it? That question rides the divide between capitalism and socialism in the American mind. Universal health care would indeed provide every person with doctors, hospitals and medicines, thus ensuring that these would not be products for purchase like SUVs, mansions and servants. But, it would also be extremely costly, require us to reconsider our economic / political structure and would be likely to negatively affect research and the development and use of new procedures. The discussion of establishing health care as a right rather than as a commodity requires looking at both sides of the issue. It is the purpose of this paper to look at the two sides of this sensitive issue.
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Universal Health Care in United States, 2002.
Examining the health care crisis in the States, reasons for the crisis and possible solutions.
3,589 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper examines the scope of the current healthcare crisis, with a special focus on New Jersey. It looks at the number of uninsured people in America, the rising costs of health insurance and other reasons why more and more people cannot afford adequate health care. The paper then studies why the current healthcare system fails to address their health needs. After looking at the failed health reform plan of former President Clinton and the various grassroots efforts towards providing low- or no-cost health insurance, the paper discusses the need for a single payer system of national health insurance.
From the Paper
"The United States has arguably the most scientifically advanced healthcare system in the world. Its physicians and scientists make significant strides in complex medical procedures such as organ transplants and treating cancer. People from around the world travel to the United States to consult with health experts and to seek medical help. It is therefore a sad irony that an estimated 44 million Americans could not afford adequate medical care. A growing number of Americans do not have health insurance and live in fear of an unexpected illness and financial ruin."
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Impediments to Health Care Access for Low Income Visible Minorities, 2002.
Identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access for lower-income Americans and visible minorities and the more affluent members of America's majority.
29,350 words (approx. 117.4 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
As the American population continues to become more diverse racially, members of visible minority groups within the population become more prominent. Simultaneously, with the increase in diversity, income distribution in the American economy has become more distorted. While economic growth in the United States has surged over the past decade, the income gap has widened; not only between the richest and poorest Americans, but also between moderate-income and low-income Americans. Members of visible minorities in the population tend to be represented disproportionately in the low-income and poverty classifications in the United States. While there is an abundance of implications of this state of affairs, one of the more crucial ones is access to health care. Individual and household financial capacity, the scarcity of employer-paid health insurance among small businesses, cultural differences based in social psychology and other factors frequently act as impediments to health care access for low-income individuals and households among visible minority population groups in the contemporary United States. This problem and these issues are investigated in this study. The study identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States, on the one hand, and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population, on the other hand. The initial chapter of this study delineates the problem investigated. Specific research questions are formulated and stated to provide greater focus for the investigation.
Social psychological theory and applied social psychology literature are reviewed in the second chapter. Literature relevant to the functioning of low-income and visible minority population groups in the United States within a social psychological context are reviewed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is devoted to a review of literature relevant to both the health care system in the United States and the experiences of low-income and visible minority population groups in relation to health care access and health care delivery in the United States. An assessment of the problem investigated, performed within the structure of the research questions, is presented in the final (fifth) chapter. Conclusions drawn from the study findings are stated and recommendations for further research are made. The summary conclusions reached through the conduct of this study relate both to health care access and health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities. With respect to health care access, the summary conclusion reached is that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. In relation to health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities, the summary conclusion reached is that extensive education is required for both low-income persons and members of visible minorities, on the one hand, and health care providers, on the other hand. Low-income persons and members of visible minorities require education on the benefits and function of health care services, while health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care
Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and the Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Analysis of Health Care Delivery Systems
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Health Care
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem Discussion, Recommendations for Further Research
Appendices
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Social Cognitive Theory [self-efficacy] emphasizes the role of expectancies, self-efficacy, peer normative influences, and social competency skills as key components affecting adolescents? behaviors (DiClemente, Lodico, Grinstead, Harper, Rickman, Evans, & Coates, 1996). The applicability of models based on social psychological principles for understanding African-Americans? decision-making and sexual behavior has been questioned because most such models tend to be individually-focused and do not take into account the social context in which the behavior is embedded (Cochran & Mays, 1993). Social cognitive theory, however, explicitly integrates behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors as reciprocally interactive. Thus, given the hypothesized multi-factorial nature of sexual decision making and the potential impact of the high-risk social environment of the study population, approaches based on social cognitive theory are thought to be particularly relevant for understanding the myriad factors that may affect African-Americans? sexual behavior."
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Disparities in American Health Care, 2008.
An examination of the American health care system.
2,332 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the American health care system and suggests methods of creating universal access to health care. The paper explains that health care should be considered a right for all citizens; a constitutional amendment would make this proposition mandatory. The paper points out that, at its root, the lack of health care for all in America is fundamentally a moral issue. The paper suggests that the United States follow its industrialized, wealthy counterparts and demand universal health care. It explains that the desire for universal health care is apparent and cites examples of states which are implementing a near-universal health care system. The writer proposes that the U.S. pass the United States National Health Insurance Act, or the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act. The writer further explains that this act establishes the United States National Health Insurance (USNHI) Program to provide all individuals residing in the United States and in U.S. territories with free health care, including all medically necessary care, such as primary care and prevention, prescription drugs, emergency care, and mental health services.
Outline:
Universal Healthcare in Other Countries
United States National Health Insurance Act
The Uninsured: College Students
Children's Health Care
Preventative Health Care
Eliminating Disparities
Conclusion
From the Paper
"More health care clinics geared toward minority populations could also be beneficial; citizens would feel more comfortable in settings that recognize their specific needs. Cultural and linguistic competence is mandatory. More classes in medical school concerning minority health care issues should be implemented. More minority members should be in the health care system. This would increase patient participation in care processes, ensuring grater satisfaction and adherence to treatment. The regulations in the system should be transparent and open to the public. A department in the government should be primarily focused on minority health care. The heath care system should be as diverse as our country."
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The United States Health Care System, 2008.
Argues for universal health care in the United States.
2,195 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the United States is virtually the only industrialized country in the world that does not automatically give citizens the benefit of free health care, but notes that there are, however, several other types of health care options in the U.S.. The paper then describes problems with these health care options such as that they require the individual to independently pay for private health insurance or Medicare. Next, the paper relates that, in other countries such as Canada and Britain, the universal health care concept is viewed as very successful. The paper contends that when the United States government realizes that universal health care is the best option, all citizens of the U.S. will begin to live a healthier life.
From the Paper
"The quality of health care in the United States can be considered opinionated to a certain extent but the amount of money the U.S. spends in comparison to other countries is inarguably absurd. There cannot be any denial of the inflation rate of uninsured citizens. The number of Americans without health insurance is now up to 45,000,000. That is a huge increase considering that in 1990 there were 35,000,000 uninsured citizens. Being uninsured increases your chance of fatality. If a universal health care system were to come into existence, we would see far less deaths in the U.S."
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Health Care Access for Low-Income Minorities, 2002.
This paper is a qualitative thesis, which assesses the impediments to health care access for low-income visible minorities in the United States.
30,578 words (approx. 122.3 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper, based in sociological and social psychology concepts, identifies the causal factors for the gap between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population with respect to health care access. The author concludes, after an extensive review of the literature, that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. The author suggests that an extensive education is required for low-income persons and members of visible minorities to know the benefits and function of health care services, and health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and The Health Care Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Delivery of Health Care to the Poor
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Delivery
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem
Discussion
Recommendations for Further Research
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"One of the major impediments to the attainment of universal access to healthcare in the United States is the functioning of for-profit Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and managed care organizations (MCOs). These organizations are investor-owned organizations that are in business to make a profit on healthcare delivery. Non-for-profit healthcare organizations also must earn a profit on their operations in order to be able to compensate and train staff, acquire new technology, and generally improve the quality of their services. Unlike investor-owned healthcare companies, however, non-for-profit organizations are not driven by share prices and the bottom-line mentality of for-profit companies. Thus, patient-centered care in not-for-profit healthcare organizations may be contrasted with the investor orientation of the for-profit healthcare companies. Recent decisions by for-profit healthcare companies to drop their Medicare healthcare groups because of substandard profit growth illustrates as no amount of rhetoric can the precedent of investor concerns over patient concerns in the for-profit healthcare companies."
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Managed Health Care Systems, 2004.
Presents a new model of model of managed health care in the U.S. using a systems approach.
7,200 words (approx. 28.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 160.95
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Abstract
Health care in the United States has a long history; from the traveling physician who provided services in private homes and charity organizations, to government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid that proceeded hospital construction, and the relatively recent trend of managed health care. Along the way, innovation and competition facilitated new health care technologies and services that offered numerous approaches to prevention, treatment, and management of diseases. In a bold new health care policy, integration and collaboration between the public and private sectors of health care is not only an option, but a necessity in providing the most efficient and sound health care services and options. This paper examines health care in the U.S. from a historical and current perspective and concludes by introducing a new model of managed health care utilizing a systems approach.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Examination of Health Care
Public Sector Health Care in the USA
Private Sector Health Care in the USA
Types of Managed Care Organizations
HMO Models
The Merging of Public and Private Health Care Models
A New Universal Managed Health Care Model
Conclusions
References
Appendices
From the Paper
"The managed health care industry did slow the growth in health care spending. Moreover, by extending coverage to services provided in an outpatient setting, it reversed the artificial preference for in-patient care that was created by indemnity insurance benefit designs. By focusing on clinical variability in physician practices, the shift to managed care forced the elimination of some unnecessary care. It also provided a stabilizing force to professional fees and institutional charges."
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Health Care and Nursing in the United States, 2004.
Examines how health care reforms in the past years have affected America's uninsured and the nursing industry.
2,111 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the health care reforms instituted under the past two presidencies have failed to address the problems of uninsured Americans in the United States. The first part of this paper examines the long road to health care reforms. It pays special attention to the thorny issue of universal insurance and the trends towards the privatization of health care. The next part of the paper then focuses specifically on the field of nursing. It looks at how health care reforms have changed the nature of a nurse?s job, increasing both the level and difficulty of a nurse?s workload. These changes also have significant implications for the quality of patient care in health care facilities and the rise in the number of self-care practitioners in the United States.
From the Paper
"Many nurses also report a rise in patient acuity. The privatization of healthcare has resulted in a new mindset in the medical workplace, one that requires hospitals to limit admissions to only ?the sickest patients for the shortest possible stays? (Sochalski and Aiken 1999:1). In addition to the increase in the number of patients, nurses are also managing an increased number of patients who are much more ill and who require more attention. As a result, the level and difficulty of a nurse?s workload has significantly increased."
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Health Care Costs: Reaction Paper, 2004.
Personal reaction to an assessment of family health care costs.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an assessment of the economics of health care costs. The paper argues that the problem is a complex maze of related issues such as funding mechanisms, delivery structures and individual responsibility. Additionally, the paper recommends a national health care system for managing family health care costs that is based on universal access to health care.
From the Paper
"Health care economics is entering another state of turmoil in the United States as the moderating effects of the managed care concept on increasing health care costs appears to have run its course. The Congress and state governments believed the promises of managed care proponents that managed care would lower health care costs dramatically and are resisting rapid increases in health care costs. Managed care companies are responding by dropping governmentally-funded patient groups including Medicare and Medicaid raising charges to..."
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