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"Understanding International Political Economy".
This paper discusses Ralph Pettman's book, "Understanding International Political Economy," the most popular international political economics textbook.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the main themes of this book are three theories of international economics described in a historical order according to the epoch when they were first introduced: mercantilism, liberalism, and Marxism. The author points out that it is difficult to find a country where these theories of political economy can be realized clearly in daily practices; the processes of globalization, goods exchange, industrialization, and development of social infrastructure within one country and within the world economic community have proven that only an integral model of economical development can be applied in the realities of today. The paper states that, even though Pettman succeeded in describing three main concepts of political economy, the work lacks an explanation of modern events, and the reading would be more fruitful if there was more information included about countries with transitional economics, such as China and the former socialist states.
From the Paper
"Mercantilism considered the wealth of the society to be in accumulation of money (silver and gold). According to the concept of mercantilism wealth and prosperity could be achieved only thanks to the development of foreign trade. The growth of wealth here is obvious: cheap good are sold for higher prices abroad. The problem of economical theory according to mercantilists was the development of the most effective recommendations for the state politics in regulating economics. Mercantilists thought that for the development of favorable conditions for economical growth, the state has to intervene in economics, encourage native industry and trade."
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International Political Economy, 2007.
This paper discuses the field of international political economy, which has become increasingly important because of mass globalization.
3,805 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that current political economic changes across the globe, such as the appearance of the euro, trends in foreign direct investment and the introduction of the Internet, have lead to a need to reform existing international politics and implement a more efficient system. The author points out that automobile and electronic manufacturers are not in favor of a globalized free trade but rather find it more advantageous to employ a closed economic block to wage war against rival firms in Japan and Europe. The paper stresses that an increasing gap between developing and rich nations needs to be stemmed by creating an environment, which is beneficial for conditions of long-term per capita income growth.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Globalization and International Political Economy
Issues Surrounding Trade
Environmental and Social Issues
The International Political Situation: Now and in the Future
Problems International Political Economists Must Overcome
Conclusion: Future Directions
From the Paper
"Contemporary trends toward enforcing major trade policies between numerous countries have provided a number of challenges. Even over the last decade, the NAFTA agreement, the WTO and the proposed (and failed) fast-track scheme U.S. President Clinton proposed in 1997-98 are three world-renown examples. NAFTA caused a lot of controversy, not only outside of U.S. borders but within. The agreement aimed to expand on an existing arrangement between the U.S. and Canada of "free trade" (a hallmark of globalization) which expanded in the late 1980s to include Mexico. "
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The IMF and the International Political Economy, 2002.
Analyzes the role of the IMF in the international political economy and examines some if it policies and their effectiviness.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the role of the International Monetary Fund in the international political economy. The author discusses specific IMF policies, and why some of the old policies don't work anymore.
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International Political Economy (IPE), 2003.
Examines the connection between free trade, economic growth, and international power relations.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses varying perspectives of effect on protectionist duties on goods. Examines politics as determining economics, market forces, and geopolitical market dynamics.
From the Paper
"This research examines the debate within the discipline of International Political Economy (IPE) on the connection between three subject areas-free trade, economic growth, and interna.tional power relations-from the perspectives of Realism, or neo-..."
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International Political Economy, 2005.
A look at the Economic and Monetary Union in Europe and the plan to create a political union based on economic and monetary integration.
4,156 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the European project of an Economic and Monetary Union from the 1950's until nowadays. The launch of the euro, the enlargement of the E.U. and the European Constitution are also discussed.
From the Paper
"The European project's main goal was to bring peace and stability to Europe. It succeeded remarkably well in post-1945 Western Europe. By gathering European soil resources and binding their economies, European countries enjoyed decades of political stability and prosperity. At least on the West side of the continent. Divided by the Iron Curtain, Europe had to wait 60 years to see Eastern European countries join the European Union. Here is a good example of how politically successful economic integration can be. The 'carrot' of EU membership has indeed been a very important means to impose peace and political stability to Europe's closest neighbours. This "soft power" is the second political motivation for economic integration, after the desire of a grand federal super-state."
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International Political Economic Studies, 2005.
An assessment of the relevance of realism, liberalism, and radicalism to the contemporary political economy.
3,374 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the realist and liberal perspectives can be used to explain and provide insight into the international political economy within the context of globalization. It then compares these perspectives to the structuralist perspective and argues that the structuralist perspective provides the greatest and most useful insights into globalization and contemporary international political economy.
From the Paper
"The realist perspective of IPE, or international relations and international economic relations between states, may be one of the most enduring of the three explanatory and theoretical models referred to in the introduction but, it is, nonetheless problematic. Realism, as the current section shall try to elucidate, is based on a number of assumptions which, ironically, are not consistently realistic in the sense that they hold equally true for all times and places. Peter J. Kazenstein implies as much in "Domestic Structures and Strategies of Foreign Economic Policy," wherein he maintains that the globalization framework seems somewhat at odds with the hypothesis of states consistently acting for expansion and preservation of their "power," not to mention for the protection of their national interests (891-893). While this section of the paper will not dispute that states are the primary actors, either within the domestic or international arena, or that state actions are primarily directed by concern over national security and power status, it will argue that within a globalized world the very concept of national security, interest and power has expanded to include economic interests. That does not mean to imply that the realist perspective overlooked the economic component of power and national interest but, that it underplayed its importance. Cohn admits this when he writes that "realists have developed their theories by drawing mainly on politics and history rather than economics; ... [and that] the realists' emphasis on power has most often directed their attention to strategic-security issues rather than to economic issues" (59). Bearing this specific weakness in mind, and pending a definition of the realist perspective, this section shall try to illustrate that while certain aspects of the realist perspective are no longer very realistic, given the framework of globalization, this particular perspective still contains a number of principle beliefs which provide the student with greater insight into international political economy, or IPE."
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Defining the Global Political Economy, 2005.
This paper proves that globalization is a phenomenon that occurs within the global political economy and that the former (GPE) can survive and has survived both with and without globalization.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper is divided into three sections. The first two sections concentrate on definitions for global political economy and globalization. The different definitions for each are reviewed, and the controversies that surround these definitions are also be highlighted. Each section concludes with an attempt to arrive at a comprehensive and acceptable definition for each of the mentioned phenomena. These are followed up by the third section, which, drawing upon the definitions examined, specifically discuss the differences between global political economy and globalization, demonstrating that, while the global political economy can exist without globalization, the existence of globalization requires the presence of a global political economy.
From the Paper
"There is a widespread confusion regarding the meaning of global political economy whereby, according to Professor Henry Tuene of the University of Pennsylvania, some believe it to be interchangeable with the term globalization, and others believe it to be so regarding the term international political economy. However, as shall be later argued, there is a distinct difference between globalization and global political economy. As regards the distinction between global political economy and international political economy, it is expressed in the following quote from Professor Tuene: a global political economy, as opposed to a "national or international [one], would fuse rather than separate the normative and the empirical, and would address the main outlines of the future rather than predict marginal, short-term changes" (523). The point that Professor Tuene is making in this quote is that the international economy has, ever since the development of transportation system that allowed trade between nations, irrespective of distance between them, existed for centuries. However, it was an economy that was based on trade dependencies, and a limited amount of capital flow, as Craig N. Murphy explains (515), and not on interdependency between the various national economies of the world."
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The Political Economy of China, 2005.
An overview of the changes in China's political economy from the 1978 reforms of Deng Xiaping.
1,439 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Deng Xiaping started China's economic reforms in 1978 with the announcement of the "Open Door Policy" and how, prior to the introduction of the new policy, China had followed the radical, centrally directed economic policies of Mao that emphasized self-reliance and closed its door to trade with foreign countries. It also looks at the roles of Deng Xiaping, Jiang Zeminand and Hu Jintao's three generations of Chinese leadership in China's political economy, the achievements has China made since then and the main problems with today's Chinese political economy.
Outline
Deng Xiaoping's Economic Reforms
Achievements by China Since the Initiation of Economic Reforms
Major Problems in Today's Chinese Political Economy
Why China is Not a Democracy Yet
Evaluation of the Roles of Deng, Jiang and Hu in China's Political Economy
From the Paper
"Despite considerable economic gains made by China in the post-1978 period, it is still faced with a number of serious politico-economic problems. Corruption and other economic crimes have proliferated in China as it has moved towards a market-oriented economy. Unemployment, though not too high in terms of percentages (3% according to official figures ), translates into more than 20 million unemployed workers due to the large Chinese population. ("Economic Overview" Country Watch) In addition to the unemployed, it is estimated that 50 to 100 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, barely surviving through part-time, low-paying jobs. There is a growing trend of inter-regional and urban-rural inequality with the rural areas and areas away from the booming coastal regions, falling significantly behind. Despite efforts at reforming state owned organizations and the closure of a number of loss-making industries, over half of China's large state-owned enterprises are still making losses."
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Political Economy and TV, 2005.
An examination of the statement that the political economy of television determines what viewers get to see.
2,854 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that it is erroneous to state that the political economy of television sets what viewers see. The paper explains what political economy is and how this concept impacts society. The writer argues that while the political economy of a certain network may limit the choices offered to its viewers, the medium is so vast that choices are practically limitless and offerings to viewers are practically unlimited.
From the Paper
"Although the term "political economy" has become almost synonymous with Marx, it is actually an idea that predates both Marx and all mediums of modern communication except for the printed word. Jean Jacque Rousseau attempted to explain the term as early as 1755. According to him, in order to accomplish the general will of society, it is necessary to bring all individual wills in conformity with the general will. "As virtue is nothing more than this conformity of the particular wills with the general will" (Rousseau), such conformity will "establish the reign of virtue" (Rousseau)."
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Japan's Political Economy, 2007.
An analysis of the changing nature of the Japanese political economy due to globalization.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the changes in the Japanese political economy that have been caused by globalization and other changes in the domestic and international economies. It examines whether Japan's changes are similar to those of other industrial countries that are also subject to the same systematic pressures. The paper then analyzes whether Japan's political economy is converging with other industrial economies or if Japans' changes are different from others'.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
History of Japan's Economy
Japan's Economy In Times Of War
Features Of The Current Economy
Changes In The Japanese Economy And The Factors That Generated Them
Demographic Factor
Privatization of Japan
Globalization
Other Changes
Statistics
From the Paper
"What is interesting about this certain period in the Japanese economy is the fact that the state used to trade the rice even before it was harvested. They would acquire several goods and products from international commerce partners, and promise to pay the counter value in rice once it was harvested. Today, we refer to these specific business making techniques as futures trade contracts."
"In the nineteenth century, the ruling power of Japan became the Tokugwana government. For the first time in the Japanese political economic history, the Tokugwana government officially liberalized trade relationships. Not only that, but the leading power also "first opened the country to Western commerce and influence." In this order of ideas, the Japanese government encouraged and supported young students to continue and specialize their studies abroad and, for those remaining in the country, brought Western professors to teach them the secrets of mathematics, physics, logistics and economics."
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Marx and Classical Political Economy, 2004.
An analysis of the major differences between Marxian and classical political economy.
2,853 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to show how the way in which Karl Marx broke from the analyses of the classical political economists is shown through the basic assumptions that he challenged. It identifies three key ways that form central points of departure from classical political economy. First, it examines how Marx?s ?historical materialist? approach departed from the classical economists, in the way that the mode of production was identified as the driving force behind social and historical change. It then looks at how Marx broke away from the classical conception of the market mechanism and then shows Marx broke away from the individualist assumptions of the classical political economists. It also explores how the premise that an understanding of economic life can be derived from conceptualising the individual as a fundamental unit of analysis was a central assumption of the classical school and how Marx asserted that economic life can only be understood through the analysis of social relations and in particular the relations between classes.
From the Paper
"Markets, both Marx and the Classicals agreed, create a division of labour. In our day to day interactions, it is about exchanging goods for money. However, what Marx saw was a division of labour that is social, allocating people to different trades. In capitalism, labour is not directly social. It became social only when it appeared as the price of a commodity that was exchanged. The prices of commodities and the buying and selling of commodities at these prices constituted the indirect social relations of interdependent labourers. Thus, in capitalism the social interdependence of workers appeared, in the form of commodity prices, to be a set of relations among things (commodities) rather than a set of relations among workers. The Classical economists did not see that it is something that is produced, as they regarded commodities primarily as having use values."
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"Global Political Economy", 2008.
A critical analysis of Chapter Three in "Global Political Economy: Theory and Practice" by Theodore H. Cohn.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that "Global Political Economy: Theory and Practice" was written by Theodore H. Cohn to analyze a variety of issues in global and regional trade policy, theories of international relations and the role of international institutions. The paper provides an evaluation of Chapter Three entitled "The Realist Perspective". The paper posits that Cohn brings complex theoretical issues into a practical and useful framework for the student reader.
From the Paper
"The book Global Political Economy: Theory and Practice was written by Theodore H. Cohn to analyze a variety of issues in global and regional trade policy, theories of international relations and the role of international institutions. It takes a broad overview of the central theoretical currents in International Political Economy (IPE), and explores the key intellectual positions in global political theory. For example, it looks at the positions held by such thinkers as realists (the right-wing), liberals (proponents of free trade) and historical structuralists (the left-wing), and applies these ideas into a real-world context. By offering a centrist position that puts major themes in the world economy into perspective, Cohn allows the reader to relate these abstract notions to concrete practice."
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Canadian Political Economy, 2002.
This paper on the Canadian political economy states that Canada is seen as a thriving post-modern economy but, at the same time, sufferers from problems of political identity disintegration and economic regionalization.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper states that Canadians are overwhelmed with uncertainties about the capacity of their political system to achieve their economic goals. The author believes that the federal state is moving towards neoliberal control, which downgraded economic tasks to lower levels of governance and raised power to the global and continental tiers. The paper describes the many changes that have taken place in the role and organization of the Canadian government to achieve this neoliberal economic policy.
From the Paper
"Since the Canadian government settles trade treaties but can execute them only in areas of its own constitutional jurisdiction, provincial participation has been necessary to realize what are understood to be the profit of liberalized trade. For this reason, Ottawa has encouraged improved provincial participation since the 1970s. In contradiction, an increased provincial function in trade policy has resulted in diminished provincial capability for industrial policy."
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Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, 2000.
This essay is divided into two parts whereby the first part examines the three conditions Karl Marx wrote about in "Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" and the second part explains the predominant philosophical force in the Nicaraguan Revol
710 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The following essay discusses Karl Marx's "Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" in which he argued that people will come to the point of seeking revolutionary overthrow of their government when they recognize the ways in which they have been alienated from their own labor. In the second part of the essay the writer contends that this does not seem to have been the predominant philosophical force in the Nicaraguan Revolution.
From the Paper
"If we are to translate this into common English, we see that what Marx is arguing is that the real basis for society is not its culture but its economic structure, or what is more commonly today called the infrastructure. This economic structure includes a number of interdependent but clearly distinguishable parts: the material forces of production which is simply human labor and means of production, and (b) the overall relations of production which are the social and political arrangements that regulate production and distribution (such as copyright and patent law, labor law, labor unions)."
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