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Unconventional Warfare: The Mujahidin of Afghanistan, 2002.
A paper which studies the success of the anti-Soviet rebels in Afghanistan.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Resistance ? with the proper tools, strategy, and determination ? can countermeasure any unwanted entity. This paper shows how the anti-Soviet forces in Afghanistan not only pushed the invaders out of their country, but helped precipitate the eventual fall of the USSR as a world power. The paper studies the question: How did the Soviets lose that war, or how did the Mujahidin ? the soldiers of God ? win?
From the Paper
"The Afghan resistance fighters, under the guidance of their Islamic mullahs and provincial warlords, devised effective tactics and strategies to engage the large Soviet and pro-Soviet forces: avoid direct combat with a superior force; use the element of surprise; attack more at night; yield a battlefield to the enemy if it means a large result of death for the resistance forces; conduct terror and disinformation campaigns in enemy-held villages. These soldiers of God would conduct successful ambushes through the course of the war. They would attack small convoys through mountainous routes if they were lightly armed; they would attack larger forces within small valley or ravines by destroying lead and aft position vehicles to cause a jam and create confusion and panic as soldiers; they would disguise themselves as pro-Soviet soldiers and conduct disinformation campaigns in local villages to create disorder and add to the confusion amongst the rumor-mill of the local populace; or they would infiltrate firebases and conduct small raiding parties upon equipment or supplies, destroying what they could quickly, and withdrawing back into the mountains."
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Counter Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 2008.
A review of the effort of the United States to combat terrorism and the issue of unconventional warfare.
4,230 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the issue of terrorism as being the most stringent aspect of international politics, since the events of 2001 proved that terrorism is by no means a conventional threat and a conventional war cannot be waged against it. The paper states that it is important that a comprehensive approach on the matter be taken into consideration. The paper further discusses that the United States has been promoting a complex counter terrorism policy which includes the combination of various aspects of foreign policy. The paper focuses on the fact that pursuing a military unconventional warfare strategy in a diplomatic environment will only work, if there is synergy within the United States Government.
From the Paper
"One of the first aspects to be taken into account is the issue of the global nature of the terrorist threat. In this sense, the United States has been widely considered a worldwide approach on the matter. This method of dealing with terrorism is obvious in the 2006 National Strategy for Combating Terrorism. More precisely, the document drew the guidelines for the activities of the US Government in its attempt to address the issue of terrorism. In this sense, among other aspects, the policy considers that action must be taken in order to "advance effective democracies as the long-term antidote to the ideology of terrorism; prevent attacks by terrorist networks; deny terrorists the support and sanctuary of rogue states; deny terrorists control of any nation they would use as a base and launching pad for terror; and lay the foundations and build the institutions and structures we need to carry the fight forward against terror and help ensure our ultimate success" . All these measures are taken in relation to two distinctive paths of action which in order to be effective, must be interlinked and combined. These two directions are the military and the diplomatic one."
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Gunpowder and Its Effects on Warfare, 2004.
A look at the history of warfare and the way that the invention of gunpowder changed the scope of modern warfare.
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how, before the application of gunpowder, war and warfare was powered by human effort with the assistance of various forms of armor and hand-wielded weapons, such as swords and spears. This paper provides an historical overview of warfare and is divided into two sections, 1200-1600 and 1600-1850. It looks at the way gunpowder affected these two time periods differently.
From the Paper
"By the time of the Crusades in Europe and the conquests of the Moors in Spain, the knowledge and use of gunpowder had spread far and wide. In 1247, the city of Seville was defended by cannon which ejected stone projectiles; in 1267, English philosopher and writer Francis Bacon penned Opus Tertium in which, for the first time in Europe, the components of gunpowder was described. This work, as Kenneth Allen points out, is considered to be the basis upon which Berthold Schwartz, a monk from Friburg, Germany, "further experimented with gunpowder's propulsive properties that led to the development of cannon in Germany after 1300 A.D." (1973). At this time, cannon and other weaponry which used gunpowder were virtually unknown to most European soldiers and military officials and artillery that utilized gunpowder did not exert any great influence on warfare until sometime after 1300 A.D."
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Warfare in the American Civil War, 2004.
Discusses the Siege of Petersburg and its effect on the warfare of the Civil War.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The conduct of warfare underwent many dramatic changes over the course of the Civil War, which lasted from 1861-1865. In the early years, the battlefield was dynamic, and the armies maneuvered and engaged at will; many units, especially Confederate, fielding smooth-bore muskets and cannon. As these weapons were improved with rifling, their effective killing distance became greater. This paper examines how the most dramatic change in the way warfare was conducted came during the Battle of Petersburg (1864-65). The paper shows how this siege was militarily significant in that it began the trend of the trench warfare that changed the way warfare was conducted during World War I.
From the Paper
"This tactic became outdated with the development of improved firearm technology in the mid-19th century. When the American Civil War began in 1861, it was fought with similar weapons and tactics that had been used for many centuries. By the time the war ended in 1865, it was seen as a foreshadowing of World War I?complete with trenches, machine guns, field fortifications, and massive casualties. The Battle of Petersburg near the end of the war with its trenches and static formations, changed the strategies of warfare, as it was radically different that early battles such as the First Battle of Bull Run where maneuver was still possible, and famous charges such as Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg, demonstrated the military uselessness of a direct assault on an opposing line."
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Chemical Warfare, 2002.
A paper describing the history, form and effects of chemical warfare through the ages.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this report the writer explains chemical warfare and list the types of agents which can be used. It describes how a person is affected and the great potential hazards and dangers. The writer provides an overview of historical cases when chemical warfare has been used and explains how it?s transmitted. The paper gives specific examples of certain types, and lastly, looks at how a person can be protected from chemical warfare.
From the Paper
"On April 22 in 1915, six thousand pressurized cylinders full of chlorine gas were released into the wind near the Belgian village of Ypres. The chlorine floated in huge clouds slowly being carried by the wind until it reached an ally army to Germany, then killing 10,000 soldiers. Because of the amount of gas released the chlorine caused large amounts of yellowish fluid to form in the lungs of the soldiers causing them to choke to death. Germany attacked again another two days later killing another 5,000 soldiers with chlorine gas. This was the first chemical weapon attack in history and chlorine was the first chemical agent. Since then there have been a handful more times when chemicals have been used to attack other people and with the terrorist attacks on 9-11 Americans know the fear of chemicals being used against us. In this report I will explain chemical warfare, list the types, describe how a person is affected, explain when they’ve been used, explain how it’s transmitted, give specific examples of certain types, and lastly, how a person is protected from chemical warfare."
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Trench Warfare, 2002.
Discusses the use of this fighting strategy during WWI.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
WWI was the first time in history that war involved the use of new technology such as airplanes, tanks and submarines. However, for many WWI soldiers, trench warfare presents the most lasting image of World War I - causing many horrific deaths, as well as serious psychological and health problems. This paper presents an overview of trench warfare during World War I, including how it was implemented and its effect on both soldiers and enemies.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
About Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare in WWI
The Implications of Trench Warfare
Methods of Trench Warfare
The Effects of Trench Warfare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The average trench system in World War I consisted of two or more trench lines that ran parallel to one another and were at least one mile in depth. The trenches were developed in a zigzag method, so that enemy troops standing at one end of the trench would be unable to shoot more than a few yards down. These main trench lines were all linked to each other and to the rear through a series of communications trenches, which were dug perpendicular to the main trenches. These communication trenches allowed the delivery of ?food, mail, ammunition, more troops, and new orders.? "
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Mechanized Warfare, 2007.
A discussion on the use of mechanized warfare in WWI and WWII.
1,733 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how war machines date back to ancient times, with the development of the Roman helepolis. The paper examines how the reality of mechanized warfare entered the modern conscious with the development and deployment of tanks in the two World Wars. The paper explores how, in the World Wars tanks were important, not merely because they represented an important technological advance, but more importantly because they allowed a shift from attrition tactics to maneuver tactics. The paper concludes that the invention of highly lethal and well armored cavalry-like units allowed modern warfare to embrace many of the ancient tactics which, became the basis of the 'revolutionary' Nazi blitzkrieg warfare.
From the Paper
"Tanks particularly served to enable an increase in the operational tempo of the European arena at the end of the first World War and the beginning of the second. It was this shift in tempo that was directly responsible for the devastating victories by the German forces which nearly left Europe entirely in Nazi hands. Though tacticians have long understood that Germany's victories were due to a shift in military paradigm relative to that of the beginning of World War I, it was not until recently that the term "operational tempo" came into use and that the influential work of retired Air Force Colonel John Boyd pointed out that the success of this movement stemmed as much from its effects on the psyche of the adversary as from its own brute force."
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Preemptive Warfare, 2007.
A review of the arguments for and against the use of preemptive warfare for national security in the United States.
1,364 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of preemptive warfare and the explication of its goals as they are outlined in a September 2002 White House publication entitled "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America." The paper describes the arguments for and against preemptive warfare and concludes that most arguments against preemptive warfare are understandable, but unsound in light of the dual threat of rogue states and trans-national terrorism.
From the Paper
"Most arguments against preemptive warfare are understandable but unsound in light of the dual threat of rogue states and trans-national terrorism. The war in Iraq was justified in spite of the faulty intelligence, as it will ultimately weaken the potential of terror networks to use Iraq as a base. Preemptive warfare has not been used indiscriminately, or else the United States would have also struck at targets throughout the world wherever terrorist cells are known to operate. Arguments against preemptive strikes often criticize American hegemony, but American hegemony makes global security possible. More than any other single nation, the United States has the potential to combat the worldwide threat of terrorism and will make the world a safer place."
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Carl Von Clausewitz: A Philosopher of Warfare, 2005.
A discussion of the ideas of Carl von Clausewitz in regard to warfare.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This papers isolates some of Clausewitz's core ideas about warfare and then demonstrates how modern warfare has been affected by these ideas. As examples, the writer draws on Nazi Germany - where military theorists misapplied some of Clausewitz's core ideas - and the modern age of warfare - characterized by technology and terrorism.
From the Paper
"Unlike other war historians and strategists, Clausewitz avoided maxims. Reading his central text, On War, is not like reading Sun Tzu. Clausewitz's understanding of warfare was more complicated. It relied on the central tenet that war was an integral part of the world order. Thus, he felt war should be studied and analyzed, not simply avoided as being distasteful (Cannon par. 13). Clausewitz's philosophy attempted to build an understanding of war as it fit into the larger function of society. It was important to understand how wars were won, and what war's purpose was in the larger scheme of things."
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Warfare in the Ancient World, 2005.
A look at the effects of warfare in the ancient world on the development of ancient civilizations.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which warfare has had a significant effect upon the growth and development of the ancient world. It shows how by tracing the history of warfare from prehistoric times up until the late Roman Empire, it is apparent that war has had a powerful effect on philosophy politics history and rhetoric.
From the Paper
"Warfare was a powerful force in the ancient world, effecting both social development and change. Warfare has had a supreme effect on civilizations back to the beginning of recorded history and even into the prehistoric human era. One scholar on the subject points out that war is "both a law of nature and a human invention" (Garlan 23). In other words, warfare is an inescapable part of what it means to be human and yet the ways in which warfare effects social development can change from society to society. The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which warfare has had a significant effect upon the growth and development of the ancient world. "
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Warfare and Violence, 2007.
An evaluation of warfare and violence from an anthropological perspective.
1,393 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of warfare and violence among humankind from an anthropological perspective. It further analyzes the differing theories about the origins of human violence. The outlooks of various schools of thought, including those of the naturalists, socio biologists, cultural determinists and structural functionalists are presented. The paper concludes by stating that by studying the many philosophies regarding violence and warfare, we begin to form a multi-layered, complex picture of the human condition.
From the Paper
"The history of aggression and warfare in the human species predates the actually established formation of what is recognized as Human. Indeed, even in the insect world we see organized struggles between two obvious groups within the same species. However, there is a great deal of speculation as to the nature of fighting and warfare amongst our own kind. Is this a behavior that is in-born, or is it a response to outside stimuli? Is it the evil tool of males, or is it an endeavor that is supported by the whole of society? Is war a necessary evil, or is it an activity that we may, one day, rise above? Many answers have been proposed over the span of our modern academic tradition, and we will be briefly discussing just a few here, perhaps shedding a bit of light on this dilemma."
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"Guerrilla Warfare, a Historical and Critical Study", 2004.
A review of the book, "Guerrilla Warfare, A Historical and Critical Study", by Walter Laqueur.
903 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how the history of guerrilla warfare transcends national boundaries and how, when one nation or people group is outnumbered or out-equipped, they often turn to guerrilla tactics in order to further the purpose of war, and, eventually, ?even the scales? in terms of military effectiveness. It looks at how Walter Laqueur?s book, "Guerrilla Warfare, a Historical and Critical Study", looks back through time and identifies the commonalities within guerrilla tactics.
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of guerilla forces can also be observed as an integral part of the American revolutionary war. The traditional British red coat army, which fought in organized lines, sought to win battles by their sheer numbers. When limited to these tactics, the colonists were at a strategic disadvantage. However, because the colonists knew the country side, they were able to move quickly in small bands to attack strategic targets, which disorganized the British military hierarchy, and slowly tilted the sway of the war in favor of the colonist army."
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Air Warfare in World War I, 2004.
An analysis of the development of air warfare in World War I.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of the air conflict in the First World War, claiming that it was closely linked to technical developments in aircraft design. The paper explains that the necessities and the competition engendered by the conflict also motivated technological developments. The First World War was neither won nor lost by the air warfare. The paper discusses what the war did for military aircraft design and development by opening up new possibilities of warfare.
From the Paper
"The development and direction of aircraft design was largely determined by the necessities and requirements of the war. Firstly, the war necessitated that the aircraft be designed to be as easy to fly as possible as there was only a limited amount of time for training of the pilots. Some pilots began flying after with as little as 4 hour's actual flying time. (ibid) This also necessitated that the planes be designed to be as stable as possible. This requirement was to change as the momentum of the air warfare accelerated and maneuverability became a more dominant requirement."
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"Warfare and Society in Europe", 2003.
An analysis of the text "Warfare and Society in Europe, 1792-1914".
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the major ideas in the text "Warfare and Society in Europe, 1792-1914". It explains reasons for shifts in European power between Napoleon's fall and the onset of World War I. The paper discusses the evolution of warfare.
From the Paper
"This research examines Wawro's War and Society in Europe which covers the period from the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution to the onset of the Great War in. The research will set forth the pattern of ideas in the work and then discuss the weight of ..."
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Warfare, 2002.
A study of the history of warfare from the middle ages to modern time.
2,980 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines in-depth the historic connection between warfare and technology. It explores the early tales of arms traders, as seen the emergence of gun powder worldwide in numerous historical documents at same time. The paper follows the history of mankind and the weapons that followed: Canons, pistols, automatic riffles, tanks, battleships, and nuclear bombs. It also describes the military strategies of each era: Trench warfare, aerial bombardments, blockade running and the cold war.
From the Paper
"Nothing reflects the power of mankind?s intellect more aptly or in a more timely fashion than his ability to vanquish a military opponent. In warfare, technological advantages complement tactical ones in shaping the destiny of civilizations, and it is in war that one finds the newest, most forward thinking technologies. This is important in that the chief difference between medieval war and wars in the modern age is technological.
Medieval preconceptions about the nature of warfare fell to the sound of a cannon blast with the walls of Constantinople in 1453. Many believe this technology to have been transmitted to the invading Ottoman Turks via Arab traders. In the Arabian colonies of Africa, saltpetre was known as "Chinese snow" and in Persia as "Chinese salt" and one 13th century manuscript refers to a substance causing "Heaven shaking thunder!" However, it was said to be a Hungarian cannon-maker that designed the Sultan?s siege weapons."
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