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Military and U.S. National Security, 2006.
An analysis and evaluation of U.S. foreign policy regarding international peacekeeping.
5,800 words (approx. 23.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes recent U.S. involvements in international peacekeeping efforts in Iraq, Rwanda and the Balkans. The paper assesses why the U.S. made these foreign policy decisions by studying the political considerations, human rights issues, "mission creep", regional stability and the economic impact of these conflicts. Then the paper evaluates the outcome of these efforts by weighing the costs -- both economically and militarily -- against the successes of the mission.
Abstract
Chapter 1: The Background
Chapter 2: Issues Analysis
Human Rights
Political Considerations and Organizational Roles
Economic Issues
The Unilateral vs. Coalition Use of US Forces
Chapter 3: Policy Evaluations
The National Interest
Costs
The Risks
Military Readiness and Public Support
Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The analysis and evaluation of the policies of using United States (US) armed forces from the standpoint of our National Security in International Peace-keeping, Peace-enforcement and Humanitarian operations is a quite difficult and complex undertaking given the fact that the primary responsibility for these three dominate and very important World issues falls under the control of General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations in accordance with their charter and International Law. Add to this caveat the fact that US Foreign Policy is formulated within three separate and quite different agencies of which the National Security Agency is but one and the task becomes even more complex. These agencies of course are the Department of State, the Department of Defense and the National Security Agency."
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U.S. National Security Processes, 1993.
A comparison of the executive and legislative branches' roles in foreign policy and defense decision making since WWII.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 12 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"U.S. National Security Processes: Executive vs. Legislature
This paper will examine the decision making processes of the U.S. government. The discussion will specifically focus on the powers and processes involved in national security decisions of the executive and legislative branches of the government. The first part of the paper will present an overview of the constitutional framework of national security and the legal powers granted to both branches of the government. The second part of the paper will examine in closer detail the interrelationship between the executive and legislature in making national security decisions and will look at some examples of national security decisions made since the Second World War.
The Executive Branch
Although the President has been granted most of the..."
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Impact of U.S. Policies on the Nation's Economy, 2002.
A discussion on the effects of U.S. anti-terrorism campaigns on the economy of the United States.
740 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at the result of spending billions on security measures in the U.S.A. to combat terrorism. It discusses the ways in which the expenses of security measures affect the GDP and it assesses whether U.S. anti-terrorism policies impact significantly on the nation's economy.
From the Paper
"Bush may be faced with a puzzle. He may be tempted to imitate Reagan?s ?military Keynesianism?, by trying to make use of ?state funds? to get America out of recession. He has declared that ?$75 billion? would be diverted towards the economy of the nation. But ?military Keynesianism? might just provoke huge inflation that could lead to a crash later on. This might result in job losses and a decrease in trade and the working class will have to bear the consequences, as usual. (2) Though the American people may not be expected to be ?bold? enough, the American government is prepared to spend its finds on the fight against terrorism as well as the economic fight they have been pushed into."
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U.S. National Security in the Pacific and Asia, 1993.
Examines the effects of the breakup of the Soviet Union, discussing military, foreign policy, internal conditions in China, Japan, Korea and Indochina.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 27 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"National Security in the Pacific and Asia
This paper will discuss present United States national security interests in the Pacific region and future interests in light of the changing world situation. Specifically, the paper will examine 1) the effect of the dissolution of the Soviet Union on Asia and the Pacific region and how this event has changed the United States interests in this part of the world; and 2) the effect this dissolution has had on the various countries in Asia and the Pacific and their military capabilities.
Until 1992, United States interests in the Pacific and Asia revolved around containment of Soviet influence and interests in the region (Crowe-& Romberg, 1991, p. 124; Bosworth, 1991/92, p. 114). Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has sought to contain the spread of communism in Asia and the ..."
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U.S. Security, 2006.
An analysis of terrorism in the United States.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how terrorism continues to actively threaten the United States in the post 9/11 era. The paper argues that Americans have a false sense of security -- expecting that their nation's security is now superior to pre 9/11 days. Yet, the paper maintains that security is as lax as ever, focusing on the failure to adequately prevent potential terrorists from entering the U.S., either legally or illegally. Beginning with a review and critique of U.S. immigration law, the paper then turns to airport screening of travellers on temporary visas. The paper concludes by calling on the American government to identify and "seal the leaks" at its borders. The paper cites articles from experts supporting its 'welcome mat' thesis.
From the Paper
"Perhaps even more shocking (and worrisome) is the fact that for a few U.S. dollars, a potential terrorist can apply to win a "lottery" to gain access to permanent residence in the United States. Known as the "Green Card Lottery," a program designed to grant access to immigrants coming from nations normally not as represented in immigration numbers (largely due to U.S. restrictions). The problem with this of course, is that (as in the words of the State Department's deputy inspector general), "...despite new fraud protections, the diversity visa-lottery program...is a prime opportunity for criminals and enemies of the United States to enter the nation (Dinan, 2004)." Further, according to Anne Patterson, deputy inspector general for the State Department, "...the bottom line is it's a program that can be taken advantage of by hostile intelligence officers or terrorists (2004)." Even more alarming, according to many is the fact that once granted "green card" status, even "temporary" green card status, one is virtually free to travel to and from the United States at will, wherever one wishes to go-thereby broadening the contact abilities of potential terrorists."
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Cost of Security for Airline Business in the U.S., 2002.
Examines the financial situation of airline companies in the U.S., the cost of improved airline security and how this will effect the airline companies.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Security has become the greatest concern of United States government since the terrorist attacks of September 11. But while enhanced security is desirable, the costs that are associated with it are unfortunately causing numerous financial problems for airlines in the United States. The aviation industry is already suffering from slow economic growth in the country and now with extra security expenditure, many airlines fear they will fail to post profit in the next few quarters. The paper discusses the rising cost of security and how it is hurting airline business in the United States. The paper also sheds light on general condition of airlines immediately after September 11, which helps in understanding why extra security costs are highly undesirable in these financially chaotic times.
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US National Security Documents, 2005.
Comparison of two documents: The United States Commission on National Security for the 21st Century and The Bush Administration's First National Security Strategy (NSS).
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
Countries have become unsure of their security and about their relationships with the countries that surround them. Since September 11th, a large number of scholars, scientists and political thinkers have started to analyze and provide their own theories on the U.S. and Iraqi war and state relations. One of these groups of political thinkers is the U.S. Commission on National Security of the 21st Century. This Commission discusses and analyzes the problems in the world, specifically concerning the United States and the concerns of the changing world. The Commission has strove to provide critical theories and interpretations of what the United States should do in response to the changing world security environment. This essay addresses the Commission's response, as well as the response provided by President George W. Bush's administration of national security strategy by comparing both documents and noting the merits and criticisms of them. A final wrap-up summary is also provided.
From the Paper
"The three primary concerns of the introduction are: defence against enemies, cooperation with other nations in curtailing others from gaining dangerous technologies, and lastly, the encouragement of democracy and economic openness in all nations. It concludes by insisting that other nations should respond to terrorism and threats in the same offensive manner as the United States, calling for collective responsibility and "accountability." On the other hand, the CNS's introduction for Phase I suggests the same problems are facing the United States and the world, and calls for a similar approach as the NSS, emphasising "economic growth, regional integration, and global political cooperation." A key line for distinguishing the languages in each document is the CNS's suggestion that "active American engagement cannot prevent all problems," while the NSS is much more optimistic with regard to that idea."
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American National Security, 2001.
An examination of the meaning and origin of "national security," the absence of geographical limits in defining national security, and a critical examination of the historical impact of American foreign policy during the Cold War (cites Chomsky extensivel
1,336 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that although the term national security, as a Cold War construct, is new, the application of power abroad, as needed by the state, is recorded even in Biblical times. The paper looks at US foreign policy throughout the 20th century, around the time of the world wars and during the Cold War. Some of the questions looked at are: How the state defines the goals that compose its national interest, the means the state selects to pursue those goals, and the state?s identification of others as friend or foe determine how the promotion of the inherently ambiguous concept of ?national security? parlays into actual policy. The paper proves that promotion of national security is the logical means by which the state?s preferences are realized.
From the Paper
"Instead, maintenance of a subservient client role for such states was sufficient; the United States would enjoy the benefits of its clients acceding to American preferences for their economic and foreign policies, without being burdened with the chore of actually administering British-style colonies. The international capitalist order, which allowed free mobility of capital, made control of large swaths of territory and people irrelevant to increasing wealth."
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National Security Strategy, 2008.
An analysis of the US National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68).
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on analyzing a particular aspect of the National Security Strategy, that is, NSS-2002. It uses the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) as a reference point to understand the difference in the perceptions of threat facing the United States and the difference between the two policies. The connection between the two policies highlights some political, economic, and cultural realms that have been affected by the dimensions of the policy. Overall, it is clear that US foreign policy is reactive rather than preventative, since both NSS-2002 and NSC-68 were devised to counter, rather than to prohibit actions that were seen as harmful to the United States. The paper concludes that even domestic policies necessarily affect global economy, due to the integration of societies, thus careful consideration of foreign policy on use of power is imperative.
Outline:
Introduction
National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and NSC-68: A Critical Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What are the similarities and differences between the NSS-2002 and the NSC-68? There is the common misconception that the NSS-2002 is simple about combating terrorism. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlines, the NSS-2002 surpasses combating terrorism, but has an overarching aim of promoting free trade and combating all aspects of terrorism. It is necessary to distinguish between state-sponsored and non-state sponsored terrorism, so as to understand how the NSS-2002 integrates all aspects of threats irrespective or origin and devises mechanisms to combat these issues."
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The National Security Council, 2007.
This paper discusses the National Security Council (NSC) and looks at its functions.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the National Security Council or NSC was created and established by the National Security Act of 1947. The writer notes that the NSC is the US President's principal forum for matters concerning national security and foreign policy. Further, the writer discusses that the establishment of the NSC has been the response to the need of each administration to develop and perfect a reliable set of executive institutions for managing national security policy. The writer notes that each President was guided by the deficiencies of his predecessors and wanted to set up a system that would reflect his individual or preferred management style. The writer relates that the NSC has, thus, been modified to suit the needs and preferences of each administration.
From the Paper
"The establishment of the NSC has been the response to the need of each administration to develop and perfect a reliable set of executive institutions, which would manage its national security policy. Each President was guided by the deficiencies of his predecessors and wanted to set up a system, which would reflect his individual or preferred management style. The NSC has, thus, been modified to suit the needs and preferences of each administration. The National Security Act of July 26, 1947 created the NSC with the President as Chairman and the Secretaries of State and Defense as its key members. Its principal function is to coordinate foreign policy and defense policy and incorporate diplomatic and military requirements. It also provided for a Secretary of Defense, a National Military Establishment, a Central Intelligence Agency and a National Security Resources Board. Because the NSC was several times modified to adapt to the preferences of each President, it came to be viewed as subservient to him alone. And because its role is to establish collegiality among the departments, it also came to be viewed as a means to controlling and managing opposed departments."
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National Security, 2005.
This paper discusses national security analyses and why they are conducted.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how national security analyses are conducted in the post-9/11 world. The paper maintains that it is important to note that this process primarily involves internal government debate over the use and accuracy of the information supplied by intelligence agencies and the defense establishment. The paper explains that national security analyses are conducted in order to help resolve issues of national security concern by providing data about foreign threats, terrorist activities and related security matters.
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National Security Strategies, 2006.
A comparative analysis of national security strategies.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in terms of similarities, it is evident that the basic policies outlined in The National Security Strategy of the United States of America are in harmony with the basic policies outlined in A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement. The foundation of both strategies rests upon common foreign policy agendas based upon engaging in power projection when necessary, in order to achieve specified political, national security, and economic goals. The paper further discusses how the short-term and long-term goal of both strategies is enlargement of influence, through direct and indirect means, depending upon the region or issue being addressed.
From the Paper
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Chile's National Security Council, 2002.
Describes the Chilean National Security Council as an institution obstructive to unity, stability and democracy in post-Pinochet Chile.
2,136 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines one of the ways in which the Chilean armed forces have continued to exert power and influence in post-dictatorship Chile -through the National Security Council, a quasi-governmental institution given the role of convening to discuss threats to national security. This paper shows how, due to the failures of the council to engage in legitimate national security discourse as well as the symbolic nature of this tool of military intervention, it is in actuality a body that is not conducive to the furthering of unity, stability, and democracy within Chile.
From the Paper
"Although the power and influence of the military has been diminished since the end of the Pinochet dictatorship in 1990, the Chilean armed forces nonetheless have managed to maintain a substantial political and civilian role in Chilean society after the transition back to democracy. One of the most important manifestations of this lingering power and influence has been the National Security Council, a near-perfect representation not only of the Chilean military?s perpetual political ambitions but also of its fixation upon the notion of ?national security.? The symbolism of this institution has consequently cast the very existence of the National Security Council in the national spotlight, and it has been one of the most debated and controversial issues of contemporary Chilean politics, especially in the current administration of Socialist Ricardo Lagos. The negative consequences of a sustained opportunity for military involvement in civilian and political affairs, even on a seemingly small scale, such as exists with the National Security Council in its present form is not conducive to further democratic growth and unity in Chilean society. What this paper aims to do is identify the importance of the National Security Council in its implications on civilian-military relations, national unity, stability, and democracy, and to explain how it is an obstacle to these principles."
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The National Security Council, 2005.
A look at the history, structure, and evolution of the National Security Council of the U.S.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the origins and organizational structure of the National Security Council, as well as how its style, vision, and requirements change with each new president and administration.
From the Paper
"The NSC was ratified by the National Security Act of July 26, 1947. The organization fell under the chairmanship of the President of the United States and included the Secretaries of State and Defense as its key members. It is the ?highest committee in the executive branch of the federal government for the resolution of national security and foreign policy questions.? (Elder 13) One of the essential tasks of the NSC is ?to coordinate foreign policy and defense policy, and to reconcile diplomatic and military commitments and requirements.? (History of the National Security Council) Furthermore, the creation of the NSC also provides for ?a Secretary of Defense, a National Military Establishment, Central Intelligence Agency, and National Security Resources Board.? (ibid) It has four statutory members: the President, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense."
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National Security Changes, 2005.
This paper examines American national security policies after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how there have been numerous changes in American national security policies since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. The most important changes have been the Bush Administration's preemptive war policy, the passage and implementation of the USA Patriot Act and homeland security measures intended to increase airline security. The paper notes that many of these changes in national security policies have been controversial, while changes that have not been made have convinced many security experts and citizens that the United States is more vulnerable to terrorism than it was four years ago.
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