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U.S. Military Tribunals, 2008.
This paper explores the justice of military tribunals in post-9/11 America.
1,612 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that military tribunals are necessary and perfectly acceptable in post-9/11 America because there are constitutional and legislative precedents which allow for them. The paper asserts that as long as the President follows basic international laws vis-a-vis the treatment of prisoners who are detained and brought before American military tribunals, he is under no obligation to grant them the same constitutional rights and protections American citizens would enjoy in a civilian court-room.
From the Paper
"Of course, critics of the existing military tribunals are legion - not least of all because the tribunals have in place laws that seem diametrically opposed to the procedural (even substantive) laws that have under-girded Anglo-American law for centuries. When the Bush Administration first set forth its guidelines for military tribunals near the end of 2001, the public outcry was considerable for the simple reason that the new measures seemed remarkably free of any rules at all. For instance, the Bush policy precluded any review of tribunal decisions by an independent court; as well, the rules of evidence were such that any material submitted for the tribunal's consideration was admissible just so long as it had "probative value to a reasonable person" (Knowland, para.8). Going further, convictions and sentencing required only a two-thirds vote and not unanimity."
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Military Tribunals and Terrorists, 2002.
Examines some of the ethical arguments surrounding the use of military tribunals to prosecute terrorists.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The Bush Administration strongly believes that the events of September 11th have created conditions under which a Military Order calling for military courts - essentially military tribunals - is justified. The predominate reason given is that the military tribunal will provide an atmosphere in which individuals who are terrorists or who are affiliated with terrorists can be brought to justice. This paper examines the nature of a military tribunal through ethical arguments
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The U.S. Military's War on Drugs, 2006.
This paper examines the role of the U.S. military in aiding Latin American countries win the war on drugs.
2,024 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the growing cocaine and marijuana market in Latin American countries and the lack of local resources available to prevent this valuable and profitable industry from expanding even more. The writer of this paper details the U.S. military's role in aiding these countries, as well as the cost to the American people, while pondering if the American military should even be involved in drug related issues outside the U.S. The cost for the military intervention in the war on drugs continues to rise and has created entirely new perceptions about money and the military both within and outside the U.S. This paper discusses the military involvement in the war on drugs and cites the leading recipients of aid, military equipment, training and personnel. This paper also delves into a program, involving military participation, which was recently introduced in Congress, called the Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act. This act would authorized $2.3 billion over three years for military hardware, personnel, training and a small amount for alternative crop development in various Latin American countries.
From the Paper
"Even though the House and various representatives have called on military action, the Pentagon was reluctant- albeit, it finally was dragged into it. Even though the Pentagon budget continues to grow, year after year, there are still concerns that legislators who dole out the tens of millions of dollars are underestimating the total cost. In a recent report to the House and Senate armed services committees, the Department of Defense estimated that "24-hour surveillance of the U.S. 'southern fence', the border from Jacksonville, Florida, to San Diego, full interdiction capability, and C13 programs, would cost between $480.4 million and $760.5 million annually, depending on the equipment mix ." All this money without a single soldier leaving the continental U.S.- even though advisers may now be operating in the various targeted Latin American countries. All that has been publicized, and strongly so, are planes and equipment, everything from helicopters to flame throwers which are supposed to be used by the local troops."
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The Evolution Of U.S. Military Communications, 2004.
Discusses the evolution of U S military satellite communications.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of U.S. military satellite communications, the improvements made upon each new program and the impact on today's military. It looks at the requirements of today's military force and the main objectives of the satellite communications program.
From the Paper
"For today's modern warfighter the ability to communicate effectively is the key to success on the battlefield. U S soldiers must operate covertly in unfamiliar and hostile territory and they must know where their allies are, where their enemies are and what each is doing. Today's military must be lighter, more mobile and more lethal and the improvements made in military satellite communications ..."
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Labor Relations in the U.S. Military, 2005.
Examines the U.S. military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy toward homosexuals and how this leads to strained labor relations.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The military policy of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was developed to be a compromise between those who felt homosexuals should be allowed to serve in the military and those who wished them banned. However, due to multiple international conflicts, such as the war in Iraq, the Pentagon has issued a stop loss order for military personnel and the discharge of openly gay military members has, in many cases, been suspended, by simply ignoring claims of homosexuality or using the loophole that was devised to be able to retain members if needed. This paper examines the topic and shows that this hypocritical waffling is one of the military's biggest labor relations issues that needs to be addressed immediately.
From the Paper
"Although some gay servicemen have been discharged since the United States went to war in Iraq, cases such as Nguyen's and Hill's show that this is not always the case. Not only are military commanders not accepting simply a statement of homosexuality as proof, but also they are relying on the "for the good of the service" loophole to retain homosexual service members as well. As situations in other parts of the world intensify, such as Korea, Iran and Syria, and military troops are spread thinner, it is likely that the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy will continue to be overlooked and the built in loophole utilized more and more to retain all members of the service, no matter what their sexual orientation."
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U.S. Military Assistance Funding to Indonesia, 2005.
An overview of the people and events, which are causative factors to U.S. military assistance funding in Indonesia.
5,241 words (approx. 21.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This case study examines the issues surrounding the influence, intervention, sanctions, and programs applied toward Indonesia support. Key to this study are the individual people, groups, and institutions surrounding the successes and failures in this assistance and the motivations, perceptions, and agendas involved.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Historical Overview of Indonesia and United States' National Security Interests
U.S. Military Assistance Prior to Sanctions and How Funding was Used
Sanctions
Aim
Objectives
The Informal Universe
Issue Leaders
Overview
Indonesia Players
Institutional Linkage
Human Rights Watch
Nike
United States Military Collaboration
Issue Clusters
Assessment
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs , Indonesia is a strategic key to our National Security interests. Located strategically alongside several important international maritime crossroads, ingress to the United States from the sea must be managed from such strategic locations. The United States enjoys a reliable relationship with Indonesia at this time; playing a significant role in its independence and supporting its anti-communistic position during the Cold War has worked to repay our nation in 'cordial and cooperative relations' today. Jemaah Islamiyah - a terrorist organization - made its presence known to Indonesia during terrorist attacks on Bali (October 2002) and Jakarta (August 2003). Occurring so close to the United States attacks of September 11, 2001, the alliance - although not a formal treaty - has meaning and value to both countries."
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Public Support for the U.S. Military, 2001.
This paper looks at public support of the U.S. military action in the 1990s.
2,170 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the American public's support military involvement during the Clinton/Gore administration. The author looks at several gallop poll surveys taken to gauge the American public's support for military involvement in areas around the globe. The polls taken include questions about Kosovo, the Balkans, Panama and the Middle East. The results of these surveys show that although there was wide public support to keep the military strong and prepared during this administration, when it came to actually sending troops into battle, the support was mixed. This, the author states, is keeping with American tradition of wanting to have strong military, but avoiding unnecessary involvement in conflicts abroad.
From the Paper
"Thus when one asks the question of how high was the level of public support for U.S. military involvement during the Clinton/Gore administration, one must be content to allow for some measure of uncertainty in the answer. There is also, in this case, the fact that "U.S. military involvement" is not a homogeneous principle. Some wars are in general considered to be "good" wars. Most Americans think that their country did the right thing in World War II. The level of public support is much less, of course, for Vietnam. There are no doubt Americans who passionately believe that the United States has done the right thing by intervening in the Balkans but thinks that we should stay out of the Middle East, just as there are no doubt Americans who think that we should be much more activist in the Middle East but stay as far away as possible from the political, military and historical powder keg of the Balkans."
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U.S. Military Intervention in Iraq, 2002.
An essay that analyzes the issues of U.S. military intervention in Iraq if the U.N. weapons inspectors are hindered in their role.
1,513 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This essay focuses on the national debate in the US as to whether there should be military intervention in Iraq if the weapons inspectors are hindered. The writer presents an analysis of the arguments both for and against intervention and highlights the position of President Bush and those who oppose him. The paper maintains that Iraq has attempted to create weapons of mass destruction and needs to be stopped. It concludes by arguing that there is currently worldwide support for a US led initiative and this makes it an opportune time to persevere in attempting to bring stability to the region.
From the Paper
"There is a nationwide debate-taking place about whether or not the U.S. should intervene militarily if Iraq hinders the weapons inspection process. The debate is not just across political party lines, Americans from all walks of life are contemplating this decision. If war is declared with Iraq, the U.S. and hopefully, their allies, will be looking at a military campaign with the use of ground troops, possibly occupying Iraqi cities. I believe there is credible evidence that Iraq has attempted to produce weapons of mass destruction and should be stopped."
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African-American Muslims and the U.S. Military, 2008.
Argues that African-American Muslims are a threat within the U.S. military.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of African-American Islam, especially the the Nation of Islam (NOI). The author describes the ways that Black Muslims have develop a well-formed presence as a "fifth column" within U.S. institutions over the past four decades. The paper stresses that the merging of the preachings of NOI with mainstream Islamic thought should be another alert on the Global War on Terror (GWOT) front. The author concludes that a blatant danger could be posed from inside the military and government institutions and this must be understood and addressed.
Table of Contents:
The Short History of African-American Islam
Is the Enemy Within?
The Politically Correct Jihad
From the Paper
"Several recruiting methods have served both the NOI and other Islamic groups over the years. It has been well-documented that prisons are fertile grounds for organized efforts to recruit converts to Islam, and the clerics backed by Saudi-funded, Muslim-American organizations have been the instrument for indoctrination. Even Senate hearings were conducted in 2003 to address recruitment and infiltration of Islamist in the US penal system and the military."
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Blacks in the U.S. Military Forces, 2002.
This paper reviews the participation of blacks in the U.S. military forces from the Revolutionary War through World War I.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that seeing no other reasonable way to raise their own status or that of their families within civilian society, black soldiers took a chance on the potency of the symbol and reality of military service as a way to make their way towards full citizenship and equality. This paper states that, despite the discrimination that blacks have faced in the military, they have at least sometimes been formally recognized for their service with nearly a dozen black men achieving the rank of general in the 19th century. The author describes that the willingness of blacks to fight alongside other Union troops not only helped the Union effort, but also helped push for more equal rights for black men in society.
From the Paper
"Blacks had fought in the Revolutionary War, although not in large numbers, although they did participate in the battles at Lexington, Concord, Ticonderoga and Bunker Hill. Their participation was limited by the fears of a possible insurrection by (armed) blacks and by the objections of politically powerful slaveholders who objected to recruitment policies that offered runaways a refuge and other slaves a possible pathway to freedom. Some whites considered blacks inherently inferior and so not capable of making good soldiers while others considered it morally inappropriate to ask slaves and former slaves to share in the burden of defending the country that had sanctioned their enslavement. These objections, taken together, prompted General Washington in 1775 to issue an order prohibiting any new enlistment of blacks, although blacks already in the army were allowed to remain."
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Homosexuality in the U.S. Military, 2005.
Examines the policies toward homosexuals in the United States military.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
Beginning with the discharge of Gotthold Fredrick Enslin from the U.S. military in 1778, this paper examines the history of homosexuality, which has emerged as one of the most salient issues within the U.S. military, as harassment, abuse, expulsion, and, in rare cases, murder, have become prevalent practices towards homosexuals. The paper examines the policies of the American government towards banning homosexuals from the military and Bill Clinton's 1993 law, which repudiated the ban that has enabled the U.S. military the legal right to exclude homosexuals from military service. The paper also looks at the issue of modesty and the the opinion of those who who feel that heterosexual soldiers might become sexual objects for homosexual soldiers if they were admitted into the military.
From the Paper
"While the military's policy necessitates that gay men remain reticent of their sexual orientation, Professor Aaron Belkin affirms that if the ban were to be lifted, very few gays would actually come out of the closet because in most cases an openly gay individual would find himself in a rather precarious situation. The malicious nature of fellow service-members is a consequence of our society's unfamiliarity with homosexuality, consequently creating a propensity for many soldiers to make presumptions based on little information. Moreover, the policy of preserving the modesty of heterosexual men is based on the prudishness of American society and more importantly a naive conviction that homosexual attraction is congruent to heterosexual attraction."
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The U.S. Military in the Middle East and Asia, 2002.
Examines the purpose and role of the American military in the Middle and Far East nations.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In Asia, the U.S. military goal is to provide for a defense against the massive militaries of North Korea and China in the event of military escalation / conflict in that region. The future of the presence of the military in the Middle East, however, is a very different animal.
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"Conduct Unbecoming: Gays And Lesbians In The U.S. Military", 2002.
This book by Randy Shilts is based on over 1,000 interviews with gays, lesbians and others in the United States military.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the book is significant in terms of historical fact. The author report that this book talks at length about the nature of discrimination in he US military. The author of the book lists the methods that were used by military powers, to locate and expel gays from the military. These "witch hunts" often resulted in the ruination of lives and careers for many men and women; particularly in earlier times when there was no tolerance .
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Unauthorized Computer Use in the U.S. Military and Government, 2002.
The paper discusses the phenomenon of unauthorized use of government computers by military and federal personnel and the consequences of such actions.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the recent spread of computer usage violations in the government and the military, especially surfing prohibited sites. The paper looks at the resulting punitive measures and the wide range of punishments available. It also cites the relevant sections of the military and federal codes that covers prohibitions of this nature.
From the Paper
"The US Military and Government prohibits the unauthorized use of Government Unclassified/OSIS computers to surf prohibited sites, such as those containing sexually explicit material that may be deemed pornography. Typically the government randomly selects computers or users to monitor to maintain this law. However unauthorized use of computers is a problem within the government and military at large, at least as much of a problem as unauthorized computer use is for any employer in society. Federal employees who violate this prohibition are subject to a wide range of disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal. There are several policies currently in set as law and statute by the federal government that strictly prohibit the unauthorized use of government computers. Military personnel who use official computers to access prohibited sites are also subject to a wide range of disciplinary action, including court Marshall under the Uniform Code of Military Justice."
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Military and U.S. National Security, 2006.
An analysis and evaluation of U.S. foreign policy regarding international peacekeeping.
5,800 words (approx. 23.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes recent U.S. involvements in international peacekeeping efforts in Iraq, Rwanda and the Balkans. The paper assesses why the U.S. made these foreign policy decisions by studying the political considerations, human rights issues, "mission creep", regional stability and the economic impact of these conflicts. Then the paper evaluates the outcome of these efforts by weighing the costs -- both economically and militarily -- against the successes of the mission.
Abstract
Chapter 1: The Background
Chapter 2: Issues Analysis
Human Rights
Political Considerations and Organizational Roles
Economic Issues
The Unilateral vs. Coalition Use of US Forces
Chapter 3: Policy Evaluations
The National Interest
Costs
The Risks
Military Readiness and Public Support
Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The analysis and evaluation of the policies of using United States (US) armed forces from the standpoint of our National Security in International Peace-keeping, Peace-enforcement and Humanitarian operations is a quite difficult and complex undertaking given the fact that the primary responsibility for these three dominate and very important World issues falls under the control of General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations in accordance with their charter and International Law. Add to this caveat the fact that US Foreign Policy is formulated within three separate and quite different agencies of which the National Security Agency is but one and the task becomes even more complex. These agencies of course are the Department of State, the Department of Defense and the National Security Agency."
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