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The Turks and Caicos Island Nation, 2007.
This paper describes the ecological problem caused by the tourist industry in the Turks and Caicos Island nation, located north of Haiti and south of the Bahamas.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Turks and Caicos Island nation boast the quiet solitude of hundreds of miles of undeveloped beaches, which promote a strong trade in eco-tourism, and an archaeological past, which dates back thousands of years. The author points out that the recently developed Holland America Line cruise center, which has changed the landscape of Grand Turk Island, similar to the situation in other Caribbean destinations, does not preserve the natural settings nor add sufficiently to the revenue of the nation to justify the disruption of the environment. The paper stresses that creating a system based on eco-friendly practices, including limiting embankments and increasing time spent in various locations, is essential to the tourist industry in this area. The paper includes several long quotations.
From the Paper
"Robertsen in a pioneering call for research on the subject of the social, economic and environmental impact of the fast growing cruise industry states that the Turk & Caicos islands were being threatened by the development of this center (in 2001 before it was cemented). The evidence associated with many cruise centers is difficult to judge based on the fact that there is limited reporting and only marginal amounts of scholarly research on the subject. In trade magazines, the issue is largely glossed over as a point of great growth and expansion, ..."
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Turks in Modern World Politics, 2003.
This paper discusses the role of the Republic of Turkey in contemporary politics as the only modern, secular Muslim state after its revolution during years 1910-1923.
3,075 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the fundamental principles of Turkey's foreign policy. It examines Turkey's role in World War II and asks whether the country was completely neutral or not. It discusses Turkey's membership in the United Nations; the conflicts between the Soviets and the Turks; the importance of the Korean War for the Turks; the role of Turkey as the only Muslim state in NATO; the Turks and the Greeks and Cyprus; the 1991 Gulf War and Turkey's role as the critical ally of the U.S ,and finally, Turkey in the EU.
From the Paper
""History has seen many great people. It has seen Alexander the Great's, Napoleon's, Washington's. However, in the twentieth century, the record for greatness was broken by Ataturk, this Turkish son of a Turk." as L'IIIustration Newspaper of France states after the death of a great leader, a true liberator in 1938. Among the great leaders of history, few have achieved so much in so short period, transformed the life of a nation as decisively, and given such profound inspiration to the world at large. With the foundation of today?s Republic of Turkey in 1923, Ataturk, literally the Father of the Turks, came up with a huge package of reforms to transform the sick, old Ottoman state into a young, modern Republic and a nation. This set of reforms is called Kemalism and it is the introduction and the rendering of the rights to the nation. It is the expression of the national sovereignty. It is an attempt to reach the level of the modern civilizations, it is westernization, modernization. It requires to experience a modern social life, to establish a secular state, and to govern with a positive science mentality. Ataturk?s words, which were brought by the idea of Kemalism, ?Peace at home, peace in the world,? give the basic principle of him about his views on world politics within his own nation and also in the world."
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Mongols and Turks, 2002.
A look at the culture and influence of the Mongolian and Turkish empires.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
A paper on the influence of the Mongols and the Turks on the western world and the diffusion of the culture they caused through their invasions.
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Turks in Germany, 2005.
Immigration and national identity in the European Union:The case of the Turkish community in Germany.
2,954 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the new reality for immigrant population groups in European countries. It looks at how the European Union's open-door policy has allowed for freer movement of immigrant group throughout the continent and discusses how this affects demographics and socialization of these groups. This paper focuses on the Turkish community in Germany.
From the Paper
"The ebb and flow of people across borders has been always been a concern for nation-states and with the creation of the European Union this concern has not stopped or ceased but rather intensified within the community. As nationalism disappears in the wake of European integration replacing it will be a European identity yet to be defined. How these communities have integrated their new neighbors as well as the government's response to the increased social and economic strain is an indicator of times to come."
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The Turks In Germany, 1995.
Examines the plight of repressed Turkic "guest workers" in contemporary Germany. Focuses on the alleged atmosphere of hate and violence rampant in Germany today.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Statement of Purpose
The following paper will examine some of the ethnocultural determinants surrounding the treatment of Turks in present-day Germany. Determinants of ethnocultural identity such as race, religion, class, and power, as well as causal factors of inter-ethnic conflict such as state repression, economic inequality/class conflict,migration/expulsion, and fear of persecution/extermination will all be examined. It will be shown that the formation of a collective consciousness, specifically one aimed at uniting all of the European Community, would better determine the identities of future generations."
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The Conquest of Constantinople, 2004.
An historical look at the political and military aspects of the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks.
33,395 words (approx. 133.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the military and political aspects of the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. It gives detailed background information on the previous attempts to conquer the city by several other civilizations and provides primary source information on the 45-day conquest process of the city by the Turks, which changed the fate of Europe, Christianity, and the Turks.
From the Paper
"The city of Constantinople, which is now known as Istanbul, was inhabited by people as early as 3000 BC. Along with its history, Constantinople always held the interest of Greeks and Romans; yet, this interest could only continue until the rise of the Ottoman Turk power. The most powerful civilizations of their times eventually occupied, or at least tried to occupy, this city for various reasons. The location of Constantinople is the most attractive feature of the city; it is located in such an area that the Bosphorus, the sea that separates the two continents Asia and Europe, simply implies that this city is an entry to both Asia and Europe. Given this fact, it is true to say that the European originated Greeks and Romans wanted to control the entry to Asia, which eventually would cause a tremendous expansion in trades. Thus, Constantinople and ?the huge peninsula, known to the ancients as Asia Minor, had been one of the most populous areas in the world.? (Runciman, 22)."
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?The Fall of Constantinople?, 2002.
Discusses Steven Runciman?s book on the fall of this great city to the Turks in 1453.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Few cities possess such a rich, varied and dynamic history as that of Constantinople, now Istanbul. The paper shows that Steven Runciman?s history, entitled "The Fall of Constantinople 1453", is a flowing narrative detailing the years immediately before, during and after the ?fall? of the city to the Ottoman Turks. Runciman?s account is far from being dry; like a novel, the characters exhibit remarkably multidimensional traits. The paper examines how Runciman conveys the fact that the history and fall of Constantinople did not happen overnight and the transition from the Roman Catholic rule through Greek Orthodoxy, culminating with the triumph of the Muslim Turks, was a long, colorful and often bloody one.
From the Paper
"Early in the book, Runciman offers reasons why his book differs from other accounts of the fall of Constantinople. His main gripe with common historical accounts, at least those published by the 1960s, was that most historians refer to the fall of Constantinople as the end of the Middle Ages. Runciman refutes this claim, stating firmly that the Middle Ages could not have just suddenly finished in one year; features of the Dark Ages, whether in politics, religion, lifestyle, or philosophy, remained after 1453. Likewise, Runciman notes that the Renaissance was well on its way in central Europe by the time Constantinople fell. Runciman claims that the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans solidified a Turkish capital in Europe, providing a European presence for the once isolated Eastern tribes."
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Armenian Genocide, 2004.
A look at the historical significance of the Armenian genocide by the Turks in 1915.
3,024 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Armenian massacre of 1915 is often forgotten in history. It provides an historical analysis of this event and also looks at how the genocide is portrayed in modern history.
From the Paper
"There is not doubt that the Armenian Question, as a political, social and psychological point of interest will endure for much longer than the lives of the people who were unjustly massacred. It is also without doubt that this extreme situation will continue to breed blame-shifting and false attempts at reconciliation. The conflict will therefore continue into the next century, as those who have been wronged have received little if any voice in their very real and stark ordeal. The question has become a point of academic interest but has not been fully expressed within the supposed ?humanitarian? window of the modern world of extremes."
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The Arab Revolt of 1916, 2005.
An historical analysis of the Arab Revolt of 1916, a unification of Arab factions against the Ottoman Turks supported by imperial England and France.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The Arab Revolt of 1916 offers the critical scholar many different views of the representatives involved in the struggle, many of whom were seen to exhibit paradoxical behavior that is either purported against or denied by many historical scholars. This paper explains how the revolt itself is also paradoxical at times, considering differing interpretations of unified nationalism, imperialism, and tribal cohesion. It discusses how Sherif Hussein and T.E. Lawrence are two representative icons from the struggle that are also representative of the historical questions of paradox which it raises. On the surface, the Arab Revolt was a unification of Arab factions against Turkish power supported by France and England. Beneath the surface, it was much more complicated.
From the Paper
"History is often thought of in terms of progress and unity; many historians tend to confer a certain unitizing theoretical paradigm when speaking of events, and especially individuals, of the past. The reality of the historical situation also may have been more of a continuation of progressing events than the sudden creation of a new impetus to which
some historians and scholars attribute historically ?great? individuals. Examining the Arab Revolt of 1916, in which there was a unification of Arab factions against the Ottoman Turks (axis) supported by imperial England and France (allies), one can see many historical perspectives working at once, many of them seeking to confer different versions of greatness upon individuals who were crucial to the struggle. Chief among these historical personages were Sherif Hussein and T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia). Examining different historical treatments of these representative figures, we can see how historians and scholars tend to confer unitizing elements of goals and progress to
often contradictory (and therefore essentially human rather than mythical) individuals."
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Gallipoli, 1985.
This paper discusses Gallipoli, a major event of WWI battle between Allies & Turks and emphasizes poor planning, weak decision making, faulty command structure and overall meaningless tragedy of the campaign.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"Of the ill.fated campaign for Gallipoli British General Sir William Robertson later concluded, it had been "A wonderful example of gallantry and endurance by men and a calamitous display of mismanagement by authority". World War I, in retrospect, seems to have been fraught with large.scale human tragedy on the part of its fighting men: on the Western Front hundreds of thousands of soldiers died to gain a few hundred yards of trench.bound, obliterated landscape which, in truth, was of no real value at all. On the Eastern Front, too, thousands of soldiers perished in freezing cold weather they were ill.prepared or supplied for. The campaign for the Gallipoli Peninsula, between the Aegean Sea and the Dardanelles, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea area, represented another of those tragic episodes: hundreds of thousands of fighting men ... "
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Turkish Immigration in Germany, 2006.
An analysis of the impact on Germany of Turkish immigration.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the phenomenon of Turkish immigration to Germany, which began in the 1960s. The paper explains that the Turks were originally allowed to immigrate as guest workers, with the intention that their presence was transient. However, the Turks stayed and today make up 4 percent of Germany's population. This paper assesses the impact of the Turks on Germany society and the success -- or failure -- of the Turkish community to be absorbed into German society. The author focuses in particular on youth and education issues for the community.
From the Paper
"There are 1.8 million Turks in Germany, 139,000 of them in Berlin alone, making them the largest group of foreign workers. The second most commonly spoken language in Germany isn't French, Spanish or even English. It is Turkish, the language of the 2.5 million ethnic Turks who live and work in Germany as a postwar legacy of its guest-worker program. The first workers often brought their families with them. In 1973 after the oil crisis, recruitment stopped, and many did go home to Turkey. But, despite some returning and no more guest works being hired, the continued flow of family members from Turkey and a high birth rate has kept the population of Turks in Germany high. But, they are Turks, and will always be regarded as outsiders by Germans. Despite every effort by children of immigrants who were born in Germany, attend German schools and speak only German, they are still second-class citizens with few good job prospects. It really is Germany's fault that this situation exists."
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Cruise Ship Industry Considerations, 2007.
An analysis of problems and potential solutions for the cruise ship industry.
9,955 words (approx. 39.8 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 201.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses considerations that need to be taken into account by the cruise ship industry. It particularly discusses the Grand Turk Cruise Center. It describes the tourist's role, customer satisfaction and on and off board problems. The paper then discusses potential changes for the future and how these would impact the cruise ship industry.
Table of Contents:
The Grand Turk Cruise Center
"She's Here"
"Full Satisfaction"
Grand Turk Cruise Center
Sampling of Sights Grand Turk's Perks
II. Ideas Regarding Relationships and Environment
The Tourist Role
The Small Caribbean Islands
Stay Away
"What's new?"
Pressure to Grow On
Caribbean Tourism: A Blight or a Blessing?
On and Off Board Problems
Fragile Balances
Discharged Pollutants' Safety Status
Societal Choices
Turtles in the Turks and Caicos Islands
III. Choices for Change
Features from the Present; Traces from the Past; Signs of Future
Artificial Versus Authentic
Stiff Solutions
Hidden Costs
Looking Back for Future Inspiration
From the Paper
"Mega-ships regularly dump pollutants illegally. Cruise ships environmentally generate horrific amounts of "sewage, oily bilge water, solid waste, grey water ("down the drain" waste) and hazardous wastes," Roberts states. Waste disposal management, as well as disposal of these wastes is only sometimes enforced and most of the time improperly regulated. International environmental practices are minimal in the industry. Federal and local laws which govern waste discharges into coastal waters have not "teeth." (Roberts)"
"Cruise ships generally transport approximately 2000 passengers. The largest ship can accommodate 5000 individuals, simultaneously sailing in international waters under flags of convenience. Frequently, some crews ignore labor and international maritime standards, utilizing opportunities to abuse labor rights, as well as environmental regulations. (Roberts)"
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Armenian Genocide, 2007.
An analysis of the factors leading up to and following the Armenian genocide by their Ottoman rulers.
6,433 words (approx. 25.7 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Armenian genocide that occurred at the hands of the Ottoman Empire from the start of the First World War. The paper describes the background of Armenian life and politics under the Ottoman rule. It then discusses the factors leading up to the genocide and how it was carried out by the Turks. The paper concludes by discussing the aftermath of the genocide and the subsequent denial by the Turks.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
The Armenian People and the Coming of the Ottomans
Prelude to Disaster
Armenian Life and Politics under Ottoman Rule
Genocide
A Taste of Things to Come: The Hamidian Massacres
The Great Slaughter
Aftermath
The Agony of Turkish Denial
From the Paper
"It is now more than ninety years since the slaughter came to an end. Hundreds of thousands of Armenian men, women, and children suffered and died cruel and needless deaths at the hands of the Turks. The jingoistic authorities of World War One Turkey used military disaster as an excuse to exterminate an entire people. The state that remained after the final collapse of the Ottoman Empire, in the 1920s, was overwhelmingly Muslim and Turkish. Its new rulers did everything possible to extirpate memories of the past, to cause its citizens to believe that they had acted rightly, and steadfastly, in creating a new and purified Turkey that was stronger and better than the old multi-ethnic, multi-religious empire of the sultans. Today, children in Turkish schools are not taught about the Armenian Genocide... well, at least not in those terms. The massacre of one and a half million innocent souls is glossed over, washed free of its character as a global first in the "science" of ethnic cleansing."
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The Republic of Turkey, 2008.
Looks at the modern Republic of Turkey, especially the issue of religion and secularism.
3,575 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the actions and beliefs of General Mustafa Kemal, known as Father Turk, who led the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923. The author stresses that Kemal transformed Turkey into a secular state where religious belief would be a matter of individual and personal conscience. The secular states still flourishes today although many Turks view their Islamic practices as incompatible with western philosophy, which creates a political tension. The paper contends that the history of the conflict between religion and secularism in Turkey is the story of the struggle between a state-imposed modernization and a people's resistance.
From the Paper
"Kemal set up the foundations for a strong nation-state yet allowed repressive practices to seep in against the freedom of the press, which survive to this day. He put into place the necessary reforms to make Turkey a secular state. He abolished the constitutional provision, which decreed Islam as the state religion and the caliphate, which symbolized the Sultanate's religious authority. He removed the rest of Islamic institutions. He replaced these with Western laws, practices and principles. He introduced the use of the Latin calendar and alphabet."
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"Yugoslavia vs. Belgium et. al." 1999, 2005.
This paper presents a detailed account of the international public law case of "Yugoslavia vs. Belgium et. al." 1999, which resulted from their intervention into the Serbian conflict.
7,420 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although one of the most publicized and recent examples of genocide in Northern Europe was related to the break-up of the country of Yugoslavia, the history of the division among the two ethnic groups, the Slavic Christian Serbo-Croatians and the Islamic Turks, goes back almost a 1000 years. The author points out that Slobodan Milosevic was so determined to maintain control over Yugoslavia and its related provinces that he brought all of the NATO countries to the World Court over their decision to use military force against the human rights violations. The paper states that the World Court denied Yugoslavia's request to order ten NATO countries to halt their bombing because (1) it had no jurisdiction in the case and (2) refused to let Yugoslavia stretch the concept of genocide beyond its proper bounds. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"Yugoslavia, being both the Applicant and the State seeking provisional measures, would speak first, addressing its requests for the indication of provisional measures in respect of all the cases. Yugoslavia would be followed by the individual Respondents, each of which would address the case to which it was Party for the purposes of these cases. The Respondents would be heard in their English alphabetical order, which was also the order in which the various cases had been entered on the Court's General List. These practical arrangements were without prejudice to any subsequent decision by the Court, pursuant to Article 47 of its Rules, at any time to direct that proceedings be joined, or to direct common action in respect of one or more elements of the proceedings pending before it."
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