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Turkey and the European Union (EU), 2007.
This paper is a conceptual and empirical analysis of the foreign policy of Turkey as a bridge between the European Union (EU)and the Muslim world.
6,465 words (approx. 25.9 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Turkey's potential membership in the European Union (EU) underscores its role in the region and throughout the international community, especially as Europe becomes increasingly Islamized and as the unrest in the Middle East remains at a boiling point. The author presents, in addition to the literature review, case studies of the continuing unrest between the Palestinians and Israelis and the Danish religious cartoon controversy featuring pictures of the Islamic prophet, as examples of Turkey's increasing importance in the region and in the global geopolitical sphere. The paper states that international observers believe that Turkey represents the West's best chances for securing a mediating influence in the region and for developing a cultural, political, religious and geographic buffer between themselves and the increasingly hostile nature of many factions in the Middle East. The paper includes several long quotations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Methodology
Research Questions
Overview of the Study
Conceptualization
Case Studies
Palestine - Israel Conflict
Cartoon Controversy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For example, when the Western European Union was designated as the defense component of the EU by the Maastricht Treaty, which came into force in 1993, the intention was for the organization to serve as a bridge between the EU and NATO. Because membership in the WEU was restricted to EU member states only, opportunities for states to achieve "associate membership" and "associate partnership" in the EU were introduced in order to involve non-EU members in this emerging framework in an attempt to forge the WEU into a more inclusive and relevant organization."
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Turkey and the European Union, 2007.
This paper explores whether Turkey should be accepted to the European Union.
2,868 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Turkey's possible entrance into the EU through a brief historical view of the country's political program. The paper also looks at the questions raised concerning any future acceptance as a member state and Turkey's present position in relation to its possible candidacy. The paper considers the significant impacts Turkey's accession would have on the Union, how such an enlargement could be managed and how this would affect the future of the European Union.
Outline:
Introduction
Asian or European?
Political Impacts Regarding the Acceptance of Turkey
Turkish Accession and Cyprus
Human Rights, Religious Liberty and Freedom of Speech
Looking Towards Continued Reform and the Future
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Turkey was officially accepted as a possible candidate for EU membership in December 1999, and in 2002 the European Council stated that if Turkey met the 'Copenhagen' criterion by 2004, it would immediately open negotiations. Since 1999, and in particular since the AKP government's election in 2002, Turkey has introduced radical reforms promoting democratisation, and has made considerable efforts concerning human rights. However, these reforms are still not complete, and there are problems concerning their implementation in many areas, including within the area of human rights. In other words, judicial reform, according to the European Commission, remains insufficient."
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Turkey and the European Union, 2003.
Examines the reasons for trading blocks in general and the European Union in particular.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons for trading blocks in general and the European Union in particular. It considers the membership process in the EU, and evaluates the benefits and costs of Turkey joining the EU. The paper puts forth obstacles that might block Turkey's accession to the EU.
From the Paper
"Although international trade is often viewed as a twentieth century phenomenon it has existed for hundreds of years ..."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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The European Union, 2005.
This paper explores the origins and expansion of the European Union (EU).
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most noteworthy benefits of joining the EU, which the expansion of the EU would magnify, are the free movement of goods, services, people and capital; stable price structures and internal and external security as well as improved social conditions, employment prospects and industrial conditions for the citizens of member nations. The author contends that the desire of Eastern Europe to become a bigger part of the EU can hurt the EU because of the corruption, crime and poverty in Eastern Europe, which was created with the fall of communism in the 1990s. The paper relates that the old members of the EU are limiting the benefits to which new EU members are entitled and are moving toward a more selective membership into the EU as exemplified by the case of Turkey, which is discussed at length in this paper.
Table of Contents:
Birth of the European Union
The Pros of the Expansion of the EU
Cons of EU Expansion
Restrictive Admission to the EU
The Future Expansion of the EU-Experts Speak Out
Closing Thoughts on the EU
From the Paper
"Because of Europe's history of war and destruction throughout the late 1800's into the mid 1900s, many European leaders believed that the best way to secure a lasting peace throughout Europe was to create an economic and political bond between her nations. In 1950, it was proposed that the coal and steel industries of Western Europe be united. In response, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was formed in 1951 by Belgium, West Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy and the Netherlands. Because of the success of the ECSC, its member nations formed the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957, with a goal of creating a common market (Europa-EU at a Glance). "
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The Proposed European Union (EU) Constitution, 2008.
This paper discusses the proposed European Union (EU) constitution, which failed to be ratified.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the impressive economic performance and harmony of the European Union (EU), it seems to be an excellent time to finally establish a constitution for this organization. The author relates that, in 2004, the 25 heads of state of the member countries signed a treaty establishing an EU constitution; however, each member country needed to approve it independently by their own national means. The paper describes that France and the Netherlands rejected this treaty through a referendum vote. The author points out that the most controversial aspect of the constitution was the creation of a foreign minister and a common foreign and defense policy. The paper stresses that, with the many diverse national interests of each of the 27 member nations, it is almost impossible to form a common foreign policy decision as exemplified by the drastically different policies for the war in Iraq.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Major Points of the Constitution
Pro and Con Reasoning
Unpleasant Setbacks in France and the Netherlands
Future of the Constitution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the arguments for the constitution are outlined in the previous section discussing the contents of the constitution. As one can see, the argument for the constitution was based largely on making the EU a more democratic organization. Many of the pro camp also saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the European institutions in order to take on the many new member countries that were added in 2004. Furthermore, many believe that the main reason behind the constitution was to propel European unification even further."
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The European Union (EU) and Western Europe, 2004.
This paper discusses that history of the European Union and its effect on the region and its member states.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept, which years later became the EU, began in 1948 as the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), whose job it was to advance the rebuilding of war-torn Europe and to help distribute American financial aid (Marshall Aid) for Western Europe. The author points out that, while the overall trend is toward greater regionalization in Europe, there is a great deal of variation among countries, with the smaller countries such as Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark demonstrating little change. The paper concludes that all European countries need a more decentralized system that promotes effective and efficient public service, increased transparency, and accountability.
From the Paper
"Basically, Belgium?s commitment to the process of unification after the war has placed it in its current position of power (International Herald Tribune, 2003). At the heart of Europe since the 1950?s, Belgium has embraced most core EU polices, from the creation of a single currency to the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen zone (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain). A stable democracy with a decentralized government, Belgium has low inflation and slow but steady economic growth, forecast to reach 1.8 percent in 2004. The country has grown over the past three decades into a decentralized state, whose power rests with the three regional governments: Flanders in the north, Wallonia in the south and Brussels as an autonomous region near the center of the country. With one of the EU?s most open economies, Belgium welcomes foreign investment, and its economic policies do not distinguish between domestic and foreign companies."
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Growth of the European Union ( EU ), 2002.
A trace of the the history and development.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Traces the history and development. Formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Expansion of ECSC into common market and then the European Economic Community. Evolvement into EU with its own flag, currency (Euro), common body of commercial law and regulation. EU geographic expansion. Political differences. Growth in scope of the EU. Concept of Leuropean integration.
From the Paper
"Expanding Europe
From the European Coal and Steel Community to the European Union
The growth of the European Union over half a century has been a curiously bifurcated process. On the one hand, it has been gradual and incremental. Its course of development began modestly with the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952 (Dinan, 1999, pp. 1-2). As the name suggests, the scope of the ECSC's activities was limited to the coal and steel industries. Its geographical scope was considerably more limited than "European" might suggest, since it then embraced only Germany, France, Italy, and the three "Benelux" countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg."
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Turkey's Bid for EU Membership, 2002.
Examined whether Ankara can change its domestic and foreign policy sufficiently to satisfy the European Union.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization - Turkey must pursue political and economic reforms; address human rights issues; improve its relationship with Greece; support UN mediation efforts in Cyprus and finally Turkey must not object to Cyprus? EU membership.
From the Paper
"Turkey spans two continents. It wants to play a role in the affairs of both. Turkey is active in affairs of the Middle East, the Turkish-speaking former Soviet Republics such as Turkministan, and in European political, security, and economic organizations. Turkey is a member of every European organization except the European Union. It plays an active role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which protected western Europe against Soviet aggression. Turkey has wanted to join the European Union for a long time. The EU has rebuffed it for many reasons including Turkey;s political structure, human rights abuses, and having a weak economy. But Turkey feels like the real reason that they have not been accepted is that they are a Muslim nation. This paper will examine the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization."
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Turkey and the UK in the EU, 2006.
This paper discusses Rockwell A. Schnabel's and Francis X. Rocca's book about the future of the European Union, "The Next Superpower: The Rise of Europe and Its Challenges to the United States",
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
Through a review of Rockwell A. Schnabel's and Francis X. Rocca's book about the future of the European Union, "The Next Superpower: The Rise of Europe and Its Challenges to the United States", this paper discusses the future of the European Union. The paper explains that Schnabel and Rocca consider the developing European political structure and the way that it will impact world affairs over the next several decades. The paper also points out that inherent in the title is the view that where the Soviet Union was once a superpower and while the United States remains one (and currently the only one), a unified Europe will constitute such an entity as well and is indeed well on the way to becoming just that.
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Turkey and the European Union, 2003.
A discussion on why Turkey should be admitted to the European Union.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the efforts made by Turkey to gain acceptance into the European Union (EU), including the advantages to the EU of accepting Turkey. It looks at how the acceptance of Turkey is based on the country having stable institutions, respect for human rights, the rule of law, a functioning market economy and the ability to take on membership obligations.
From the Paper
"At a December summit in Copenhagen Denmark, European Union EU or the Union officials announced that Turkey could begin membership negotiations in December if it met certain membership criteria aimed ...."
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Profitability in Unionized and Non-Union Companies, 2005.
A look at the impact that a union has on a firm's profit and investment.
893 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes studies that looked at whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than non-union firms and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to non-unionized ones. After reviewing the literature, the paper concludes that, while unions generally transfer payment from shareholders to employees, there is a downside to unionization; it may inhibit the very investment needed to run the company.
From the Paper
"As long ago as 1994, researchers were interested in ascertaining whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than nonunion firms, and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to nonunionized ones. Morgan investigated shareholder risk and rates of return in both sorts of companies during the period 1973-1987. Morgan?s work cited earlier work of Becker and Olson (1989) in which they provided an analysis of differences in shareholder risk and returns in union and nonunion companies, finding that shareholders in more highly unionized companies realized lower rates of return than did shareholders in the nonunion companies. Becker and Olson had further suggested that lower shareholder returns during the 1970s had led management to attempt to limit the extent of unionization during the 1980s in a move to reverse that trend. (Morgan, 1994, unpaged)"
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The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), 2007.
This paper is an extensive literature review of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) of the European Union, especially with regard to the inclusion of Georgia.
15,620 words (approx. 62.5 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) was developed to combat some of the European security issues that exist in Europe. Authorities believe that the ENP would enhance the European Union's ability to secure the region against terrorism and would help promote the economy and overall quality of life of the region. The author points out that originally the ENP applied to its direct neighbors: Algeria, Belarus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine. Later, however, it was extended to include the countries of the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) with whom the present candidate countries, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey, share either a maritime or land border. The paper concludes that by eradicating terrorists or criminal activities and by strengthening the political and justice systems in the country, the ENP will be helpful to Georgia. The paper includes many quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to Study
Introduction
Background/ History
Theoretical Framework
European Integration Theory
Social Theory and International Negotiation Theory
Literature Review
Purpose of the EU
EU Pursues Two Main Types of Policies towards the Rest of the World
Economic Policies
Foreign and Security Policies through the Common Foreign and Security Policy and Defense Policy Cooperation
Enlargement
Development of ENP
ENP Framework: Objectives, Principles and Instrument
European Security Strategy as a Foundation of ENP
The European Neighborhood Policy
Trade and Competitiveness
Development
Strategic Relations, Political Dialogue and CFSP
EU-Georgia Relations
From Partnership to Neighborhood and beyond Neighborhood Policy
EU-Georgia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Analysis
Looking at the Neighborhood from Georgian Perspective
Why is ENP Important for EU and for Georgia?
The Military Sector
The Economic Sector
The Education Sector
The Environmental Sector
The Society Sector
The Political Sector
How Sectors are Synthesized
EU Interests towards Black Sea Region: Why Georgia Matters?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the commission's report these agreements permit the expansion of cooperation and economic amalgamation across a variety of domains. The effects of these agreements have not been realized at the current time. In any case, the ENP provides a foundation for improved cooperation in many distinct domains so that the EU and its partners can realize the full benefit of the structures that are in place (European Neighborhood Policy). To this end, the Action Plans will establish key priorities to be tackled in the years to come."
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The European Union, 2005.
This paper discusses the emergence of the European Union (EU) as a military actor.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since its inception, several events have conspired to push the European Union (EU) towards implementing foreign and security policies and military intervention; the ethnic conflicts on the doorstep of Europe in the Balkans and specifically the failures in Bosnia and Kosovo have prompted EU leaders to consider the role of the EU in military and humanitarian concerns. The author points out that, in the war on terror, the American response was 'shock and awe'; whereas, the 'European way of war' includes not only the Petersberg Tasks of peacekeeping and humanitarian aid but also trying to deal with the congeries of economic, political, social and human factors, which, if left unaddressed, can contribute to conflict and to support for terrorism. The paper concludes that the EU's identity as an actor on the world stage, as it has developed over the years, has proven it to be a successful economic and political participant in world affairs and, therefore, has been obliged the EU to take responsibility for international conflict and humanitarian crises in its capacity as a major world actor.
Table of Contents
Bosnia
Kosovo
Macedonia
Congo
The End of the Cold War
The 'War on Terror'
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The massacre at Srebrenica in Bosnia, July 1995 was called 'the worst mass murder in Europe since 1945'. The massacre was the culmination of civil war between Serbs and Muslims, brought about through ethnic rivalries. At the time, the United Nations (UN) was in official command of troops in Bosnia and had designated Srebrenica a safe zone for Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), but the UN troops (under a Dutch commander) found themselves unable to intervene. The troops, called in for peacekeeping and humanitarian aid, were not authorised to engage with the Serbs. While the EU with its newly formed Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) attempted negotiations, it was a case of too little, too late."
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The EU and NAFTA, 2008.
A comparison of the institutions and policies of the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines the differences and similarities between the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Specifically, the paper explores the various institutions of each and notes how the EU has in place institutions which seek political and social integration (at least with regards to policy) in a way that NAFTA does not - and probably never will.
From the Paper
"Having mentioned at length the political integration of Europe, some time should be devoted to the legal integration of the continent (and Great Britain). For one thing, the European Court of Justice ensures that all laws promulgated by the council and parliament are interpreted and applied in the same fashion in all member states; at the same time, the Luxembourg Court also ensures that national courts do not give different rulings when confronted with the same legal matters and substantially the same laws - and it works tirelessly to compel EU institutions to follow the letter of the law, as well (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.4). For its part, the Court of Auditors supervises EU funds and checks to make sure that taxpayer money is not spent illegally or in a profligate manner; the court - also based in Luxembourg - has the right to audit any organization handling EU money (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.5)."
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