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Absolute Truth and the Relativity of Truth, 2005.
Are there absolute truths or is truth relative? A review of the philosophical concept of truth and an extended discussion of the movie, "Rashomon", to see if the question is even understandable.
5,145 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the intelligibility of the philosophical understanding of truth as appearance and reality. After reviewing the nature of the philosophical picture of what constitutes truth, there is an extended discussion of an often-cited example of truth?s relativity in the movie, "Rashomon". There is then a discussion of some other examples, which attempt to clarify the philosophical picture, only to conclude that the philosophical posing of truth and appearance is actually not yet understandable.
From the Paper
"In Theaetetus Socrates quotes Protagoras with what is possibly the first clear statement of the relativist: that ?man is the measure of all things? and that anything ?is to me such as it appears to me, and is to you such as it appears to you?? (856, 152a) On the other hand, there is Plato?s well-known allegory of the cave in the Seventh Book of the Republic, (747- 750, 514a-518b) in which he advances the notion that there is an ultimate truth that lies beyond our interpretations or appearances of that truth. But how understandable are both the notions of relativism and of an absolute truth?"
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The Truth About Truth, 2006.
A philosophical look at the meaning of truth.
1,401 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at all the aspects of truth as we understand it. He identifies truth as something which could be universal and eternal and if it is, he examines whether it should be considered eternal or absolute. The author elaborates on these points and enters a deep discussion of how absolute truth can be assessed and defined. The author concludes the paper with his belief that truth is relative and therefore it cannot be absolute as absolute truth is eternal.
From the Paper
"One common mistake made by men is to allow ourselves to be led by our senses alone. I believe our senses do not always lead to truth. Senses can be deceiving, especially when relating dreams. In a dream one may feel things or see things, and when that person wakes up has to ponder for a second whether those things were real. Of course, those things experienced in a dream were not real, but for an instant that dreamer believed those things to be true. He was fooled by his senses. Although many will agree that in this case the senses do deceive us, still some will rely solely on their senses to guide them through life."
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Concepts of Relativity and Truth: Finding Your Own Truth, 2000.
A discussion of Nietzsche's belief on deconstructing truth and the concept of relativism in terms of other thinkers.
793 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 28.95
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From the Paper
"The concept of relativism makes many ideas and concepts impossible to argue. The idea that every person and group acts and is entitled to live by their own perception of the truth allows such a difference in opinions that consilience among them seems to be impossible. Friedrich Nietszche wrote that we had to ?deconstruct? truth because we can?t allow ourselves to rely on truths that we think are absolute. To rely on an absolute truth is to put your trust into something that may prove false. John Stuart Mill wrote that an individual should be able to seek happiness and liberty, as long as that search does not encroach upon the happiness and liberty of another. In a sense, he speculated that each man has to search for his own truth. In finding his own truth, Nietszche would urge us to question those truths constantly, to make sure in ourselves that what we are believing in is true. "
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Pilate as the Antithesis of Truth in Bacon?s ?Of Truth?, 2002.
This paper discusses the essay "Of Truth" by Francis Bacon, looking primarily at the character of Pilate.
536 words (approx. 2.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 19.95
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Abstract
The writer argues that from the opening line of the essay Pilate reveals himself as the antithesis, or opposite, of truth. The paper discusses the moral stance of Bacon in 1625 when he wrote essays requiring readers to look more deeply into history.
From the Paper
"Considering the opening line itself, it should be no surprise that Pilate is jesting when he asks, ?what is Truth?? Having asked this question of Jesus, disregarded truth, and chosen instead ?the wickedness of falsehood and breach of faith? (6), Pilate must be facetious because his embracing a lie has resulted in the pleasure of a ?corrupt love of the lie itself? (6). More than that, however, Pilate?s fickleness in approaching the subject of truth and then leaving reflects the delight of Skeptics in intellectual fickleness. Of course Pilate does not stay for an answer; to listen to Bacon?s (or anyone?s) thoughts on truth would point out Pilate?s failing as a man of God as well as a citizen, for ?clear and round dealing is the honour of man?s nature? (7)."
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What Is Truth?, 2002.
Questions the meaning of truth, using Felipe Fernandez-Armesto's book "Truth: a History and a Guide for the Perplexed".
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on the book "Truth; a History and a Guide for the Perplexed" by Felipe Fernandez-Armesto (1999). Taking into account a primary question of "What is truth?" this essay relies upon Fernandez-Armesto's text as the source for considering the questions of truth. These refer to the implications of universal Truth and relative truths; that is, singular Truth that can be applied for every human being and a multitude of truths that can be considered in relation to every human being's difference in culture, language, history and social structures.
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Truth Commissions, 2004.
This paper explores the relationship between truth commissions and larger questions of truth and justice and of memory and forgetting.
2,870 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that ?truth commissions? are official governmental bodies designed to determine what occurred under previous governmental regimes, and by exposing the truth, often about violence used by the government against its people, to bring about a sense of closure and healing to those who were harmed. The author points out that, sometimes, truth commissions have been effective in bringing about criminal prosecution to those who are found guilty of crimes, but more often, they have existed simply to air the truth, on the principle that acknowledging the truth is, in and of itself, a powerful tool for a society attempting to establish or re-establish the rule of law and an insistence on justice that is available to each person. The paper relates that the promise of the truth commission is the promise of distributive justice, a philosophy based on the idea of a strict or radical equality, which is simply the idea that every person in a society should have the same level of treatment.
From the Paper
"The answer to this depends almost entirely upon one?s own beliefs about the nature of governance and of human rights. If one were fortunate to believe in the divine right of monarchs, then one argues that it is the monarch alone or the modern equivalent, the military dictator ? guided by God ? who has both the wisdom and the power to institute laws. Those on the progressive left end of the political spectrum argue that only the most democratic institutions possess the wisdom and the right to make decisions for the group as a whole. But as good as this sounds, Maier (2002) reminds us that is is not this simple when trying to bridge the differences between ?hot? and ?cold? memories and to bring together a population in which most are innocent and a few are horribly guilty but many are not quite guilty but certainly not entirely innocent."
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Truth, 2006.
A discussion about truth and whether it remains constant or whether it is changeable.
1,667 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The writer states that truth is not obscured by language, but by what truth or truths actually are. The paper discusses whether there can be partial truths, or whether there are only actual truths. The writer then brings different definitions of truth as defined by various philosophers. In summation, the writer states that truth is that which is moral and correct and which does not harm or hinder anyone.
From the Paper
"Maybe the best place to start in an investigation of "Truth" is with the ancient Greek philosophers who struggled with the idea, and, in the case of Socrates, had to drink hemlock for it. Plato provides debates and arguments about what he refers to as "unchanging truth". Truth is what you see. "Mere opinions are bad." To go further into Plato's concept of truth, he says "...visible objects can be seen only when the sun shines on them, and truth can be known only when illuminated..." This unchanging truth comes, according to Plato and others like him, from living moral and virtuous lives and having the education to know how to act and how to respond when the Good and the Truth are somehow challenged. This sort of Good and Truth comes, so I read, "within such a society (where) each individual has his or her own naturally established role or function, serving to maintain the stability and unity of the community as a whole." Now, just a minute! Where does this idea of "naturally established" come from? What does it have to do with Truth? Who is the establisher? And, what is "natural" about the Good of the forms that supposedly make it happen? It seems, from reading Plato, that truth is something that just IS. It EXISTS, and no one really has any power over it, except to defy it and tell and live untruths. If what the eye can see is Truth, and opinions are bad, then Truth is a physical, rather than a mental or intellectual phenomenon."
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Economics and the Quest for Truth, 2008.
An inquiry into the search for truth and its relevance in the science of economics.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the question of whether one should focus on the idea of ultimate truth in a science like economics or whether one should merely try to understand and investigate truth as a revelation about how the world works. The paper also addresses the ontological issue of what reality actually is. It holds that the science of economics involves trying to solve problems as rationally and logically consistent as possible, while being aware of the possibility of being wrong. The paper concludes that, in order to understand how the world works, one has to find a practical hermeneutical approach to get as close to ultimate truth as feasible.
Outline:
Introduction
Truth and the Role of Epistemology
Truth and Its Recognizability
The Truth Alone
Truth and the Study of Economics
From the Paper
"One may argue that truth is what is observable, as favoured by the philosopher Bacon (Klamer, 2006). At first hand this approach sounds logically consistent. It relies on induction. According to the positivist approach, what is empirically proven and thus observable is true (Klamer, 2006). As already Socrates figured out there is no direct knowledge of reality and we can only observe indirectly. Thus, what we see is biased and represents only a slice of reality (Klamer, 2006). Hence, induction alone is troublesome as no scientist is omniscient. Consequently, the claim to have seen and thus observed everything is illusory."
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"Sojourner Truth", 2003.
An account of the historical method used to convey the substance of Truth's life.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an account of the historical method used by Nell Painter in "Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol," to convey the substance of the life of Sojourner Truth. It looks at the painter's interactive approach to dealing with issues of race, class and gender oppression as they affected the life and work of Truth. It looks at sources of Truth's social consciousness and activism.
From the Paper
"This research argues that Nell Irvin Painter's biography of Sojourner Truth goes far in accomplishing an interactive approach to dealing with issues of race class and gender oppression as they overlapped andc onverged to affect the life and work of the ..."
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Loss of Certainty in Definite Truth, 2005.
This paper looks at the loss of certainty in definite truth by characters in 'Death of a Salesman' by Arthur Miller and 'The Crying of Lot 49' by Thomas Pynchon.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the characters in 'Death of a Salesman' by Arthur Miller and 'The Crying of Lot 49' by Thomas Pynchon. The writer discusses how the characters suffer the loss of the certainty in the definite truth of their lives. The writer notes that ultimately, the characters find a truth in their lives; however, it is not the same as the Truth that they each believed in initially. This paper examines the loss of certainty in definite truth in these works, through the context of the influence of the American Dream on their lives.
From the Paper
"The characters in both Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" and Thomas Pynchon's 'The Crying of Lot 49' suffer the loss of the certainty in the definite truth of their lives. Willy has seen his certainty erode over a lifetime, only to be forced to face the truth that nothing is as it has seemed, or as he wanted it to be, as the play draw to a close. Oedipa, however, is thrust into a situation which turns her world uncertain, and which requires her to look for the truth. Ultimately, both of these characters find a truth in their lives; however, it is not the same as the Truth that they each believed in initially."
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Hamlet and Truth, 2008.
This paper discusses the aspect of truth in the play "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in 'Hamlet', the central character has to face a number of truths in the play. The writer notes that Hamlet has been seen as hesitant to do so in many cases, hesitating while he decides if the truth he is facing is really the truth or not. The writer maintains that these truths contribute to the overall themes of the play and also illuminate the character of Hamlet.
The writer concludes that Hamlet shows that he has learned the importance and sanctity of the confessional and now lets that knowledge guide his action. Throughout the play, Hamlet listens, observes, and learns what is true and what is not, what is right and what is wrong, what he must do and what he must not do.
From the Paper
"The first truth that he must face is that his mother and uncle murdered his father. He is told this by the Ghost, and the way he hesitates before taking the action he is told to take makes it seem that he doubts the Ghost. The Ghost has to be seen as a reliable informant, though some have doubted what the Ghost says and believe that Hamlet has doubts about this as well. The Ghost brings the charges against Claudius in the beginning of the play, introducing the character of Claudius so as to make clear his guilt. The Ghost appears first in the play, passing through as an ominous portent of things to come and as indication of what happened in the past, though this is not yet explained."
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Plato?s Truth, 2004.
A look at the meaning of truth through the eyes of Plato.
1,154 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how truth is not a new concept and how, throughout history, it has been demanded, examined ,and explored by many cultures and philosophers. In particular, it explores how Plato, who is considered one of the most important thinkers of all time, addressed truth in his writings. It looks at how, in the "Apology" during his five dialogues, Plato examines the meaning of truth and the importance of humans in the ability to tell the truth. It also examines Socrates's apology in the quest to explore Plato?s belief that being human provides the ability to tell the truth. It also looks at the obstacles that Plato believes get in the way of telling the truth.
From the Paper
"Plato addressed the fact that truth can become twisted and turned when it is fed to others over long periods of time. The speech by Socrates in the apology addresses this obstacle to truth when he discusses what he is sure they have been told about him long before they ever heard him speak. Truth can be blocked with this tactic. The lies can become the truth if the lies are spoken often enough and loud enough and with enough conviction by those who want it to be believed. This begins to illustrate the subjective ness of the truth as fantasy and fiction become a reality in the minds of those who believe it."
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Sojourner Truth nee Isabella Van Wagener, 2005.
This paper examines the life and contributions of Sojourner Truth nee Isabella Van Wagener, black abolitionist and women's rights advocate.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Sojourner Truth nee Isabella Van Wagener was born a slave but became an early role model in the struggle for civil and women's rights during a period in American history when it was not only politically incorrect for black women to do so, but also positively dangerous. The author points out that the fact that Truth and the others dictated their narratives is not unusual; what makes them unusual is the fact that they were written at all. The paper relates that Truth used her enormous oratorical abilities to support three major causes: (1) The abolition of slavery, (2) woman's rights and (3) a failed attempt to relocate the contraband and eventually the freed slaves out of the cities of the east to western lands, where they could practice the only trade they knew, farming. Picture.
Table of Contents
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Biographical Details about Sojourner Truth
Impact of Sojourner Truth's Life on American Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to one of her many biographers, Isabella Van Wagener was born the daughter of slaves; consequently, her early childhood was typified by all of the cruelties and brutalities associated with slavery in the Old South. The first language she learned was Dutch, and she and a fellow slave (named "Thomas) had at least five children together between 1810 and 1827; she was freed by Isaac Van Wagener just before New York state abolished the state's practice of slavery in 1827. Truth, with the assistance of Quaker friends, even managed to recover one of her sons who had been illegally sold into slavery in the South through the courts. The next two years found Truth in New York City where she supported herself and her two youngest children as a domestic worker. Truth's life was to assume a new direction at this point; she had experienced visions and heard voices since childhood, a phenomenon she attributed to God; however, she became associated with Elijah Pierson in New York City and this appears to be the catalyst she needed to take on her new role as an advocate for the newly freed slaves. Truth joined Pierson's Retrenchment Society and eventually his household and preached on the streets of New York City."
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Truth or Power?, 2007.
This paper discusses the concepts of truth and power, making use of Henrik Ibsen's work "An Enemy of the People".
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that Henrik Ibsen's "An Enemy of the People" is very important to understanding whether truth or power is more important in life. The writer points out that Ibsen's work thoroughly addresses whether someone should tell the truth for the good of society, or instead should allow for power that society might see as more important. The essay then explores whether truth or power is more important. The writer concludes that the world would be a better place if more people were concerned with being truthful and less concerned with how much power they have.
From the Paper
"This appears to be true, as the individuals in Ibsen's story took the truth that was given to them by one man, corrupted it so that they could have power over the town, and in turn made themselves into corrupt individuals. This was unfortunate, because people used power to harm a lot of other people just to feel powerful instead of being truthful, and not harming anyone. In Ibsen's work, the political system is corrupt, and there is a very irrational tendency that is seen in the masses of people that the politicians control. In other words, the politicians abuse their power rather than telling the truth, to make those they control believe basically whatever the politicians want them to."
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The Moment of Truth, 2002.
An analysis of the key characters in Shakespeare's "Othello", with a focus on the theme of truth.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theme of truth in Shakespeare's tragedy, "Othello". Each of the characters in this literary work are described. The essay outlines when and how the main characters of "Othello" have a moment of revelation or truth. Excerpts from the play are provided as examples of these moments of truth. The role played by the theme of truth throughout "Othello" is discussed.
From the Paper
"Samuel Clemens once said, ?Truth is more of a stranger than fiction.? The author of this quote could verify this in name alone, for Clemens is in fact the great American writer Mark Twain. This concept of hidden truths can be seen in William Shakespeare?s tragedy Othello, a tale of lies and deceit in which the truth becomes evident only after stringent measures are taken. A number of characters experience revelations important to the drama in which the facts are uncovered and the real tragedy of the play turns apparent."
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