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The Pros and Cons of Transnational Identities, 2005.
A look at the complexities of transnational identity with specific focus on the American-Canadian issue.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 15 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the assertion that transnational identity is replacing national identity and focuses on the Canadian issues of citizenship, immigrants and identity formation. This paper reviews the 'divide and rule' logistics of what is called Multiculturalism, as systematic ghettoization (as per Bissoondath, Granatstein), and also, the construction of social scientific "problems" as seen differently by human beings. According to this paper, gender and ethnicity are obvious markers of transnational identities which may prove to mean very little.
From the Paper
"In examining national versus transnational identities, this paper pays the most attention to new Canadians, and towards several observations that are intriguing in terms of what is true in relation to theory, and the implications of models that tend to diminish the concept of a strong Canadian national identity. It is clear that contemporary theories tend to focus on the receding power of the nation-state, amid what we are calling globalization. Attached to this model is an idea of fading nationality, or national identity, so that movement from one country to another involves less attempted replacement of a new nationality and identity. "
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"Bringing Transnational Relations Back In", 2007.
A review of Thomas Risse-Kappen's book, "Bringing Transnational Relations Back In. Non-State Actors, Domestic Structure and International Institutions".
3,223 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the book "Bringing Transnational Relations Back In. Non-State Actors, Domestic Structure and International Institutions" by Thomas Risse-Kappen takes a fresh look at the impact of non-state actors on world politics and on the foreign policies of states. It also discusses how it revives the debate on transnational relations which started in the 1970s, and was at the time focused on state-centred approaches. It looks at how Risse-Kappen's new approach highlights the interactions of states and transnational actors, arguing that domestic structures of the state as well as international institutions mediate the policy influence of transnational actors.
From the Paper
"The fifth chapter is entitled "Transnational relations, domestic structures, and security policy in the USSR and Russia (1982 - 1994)". The author, Matthew Evangelista, aims to present a theoretical rationale understanding why the Soviet Union should have been open to the influence of transnational actors - in this case organisation of the Soviet and US scientists pursuing arms control initiatives - even in the high politics of security policy. This represents a break with the literature of the 1970s which assumed that transnational relations would predominate in issue areas outside the realm of 'high politics' and in countries where democratic politics would permit penetration of government policy making by transnational as well as domestic actors. Evangelista also seeks to evaluate an important implication of the generalization linking domestic structures and transnational activities. "
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Transnational Feminism, 2006.
A discussion of transnational feminism - feminism in the era of globalization.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper uses the quote: "Culture...consists in the way analogies are drawn between things, in the way certain thoughts are used to think others" as a focal point to make a connection between Shohat's argument that globalization just be seen as part of the much longer history of colonialism, and the sexualization of female bodies in popular culture. The paper analyzes gendered politics of power that position women differently than men, comparing to narratives of progress, development, the modern, social evolution and their opposing narratives (i.e. primitive, underdeveloped, backward uncivilized, caught in a timeless past). The paper concludes that in order for feminism to become transnational the elite women in the richer countries must be able to consider and conceive the plight of the rural women in a third world country and what their specific needs might be, even though those may be very different from their own.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
The Feminist Agenda: Transnational Feminism
Women's Organizations: Whose Agenda Calls the Tune?
Transnational Feminism: Different Cultures and Different Definitions
Colonialism and Globalization: Same or Different Agenda?
Globalization's Agenda
Women in the New Millennium
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a work in writing that addresses the agenda of the transnational feminist against war the author Bachetta et al (2001) states that the first thing that must be done in reaching the goals set forth that first the thorough analysis of the "gendered and racialized effects of nationalism" must be addressed. Brenner writes that "Capitalist Globalization has had a profound yet contradictory impact on women's lives and on the possibilities for contesting male domination in both the core and periphery of the world capitalist system." And she states that "women's life conditions are in many respects growing worse.""
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Transnational Social Movements, 2008.
This paper examines what insight social movement theory provides for the study of transnational social movements.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that what is fundamentally striking about transnational social movements (TSMs) is the extent to which they are able to reach beyond the restrictive confines of the nation state. The writer points out that, due to the ever-increasing opportunities that are afforded by international travel and communication, such as email and the Internet, TSMs have a way of reaching new audiences, organizing them in new collectives and voicing common grievances in new ways. The writer also notes that members of TNMs may not be working class, but they do share the common perception of themselves as small people who are being overlooked by an increasingly powerful group of leaders that are calling the shots from places and spaces in which individual national politics may not exert sufficient influence. The writer concludes that even though theories of social movements might be seen as outdated because of the global context in which movements now operate, this should not gloss over the common features that TNMs do have with social movements before them and with the insights that social movement theories can provide.
Outline:
Introduction
Objectives of Transnational Social Movements
Chief Characteristics of Transnational Social Movements
From Theories of Class to Post-Industrial Society
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Such protests were organized quite deliberately to coincide with and confront the agenda that was being put forward by intergovernmental conferences. Objecting to the global spread of the neo-liberal economic model, protestors were keen to take to task not only the governments of the leading industrialized nations, but also to criticize international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as multinational corporations, which, in the protestors' views, were setting out policies that could not be countered if objections remained local and national-specific.
"Even though the nature of this movement is contested, it would still be possible to note the chief concerns of protestors as being objection to the globalization of a neo-liberal, monetarist economic philosophy. The strength of the protests against this doctrine are related to what its critics in the anti-capitalist movement see as the extreme negativity of its effects."
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Transnational Crime, 2007.
This paper discusses globalization and the rise in transnational crime.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that transnational crimes have increased steadily since the advent of the Internet, as many crimes can be done from half way around the world with the click of a mouse. The paper discusses how transnational crimes cause problems in three specific areas and looks at the steps that can be taken to reduce its occurrence.
Outline:
Introduction
Growth of Globalized Crime
Four Legal Traditions
From the Paper
"Globalization for the most part, has provided a positive new dimension to life. People can chat with others around the world, cultural diversity is being shared on a global business level and parts of the world that used to live in fear of each other now know they have little to fear. With the positive aspects of globalization however, come some negative ones including increased transnational crime(The Explosive Growth of Globalized Crime http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0801/ijge/gj01.htm)."
"Transnational crime is committed in literally thousands of ways. Some examples of transnational crime include the shipment into the US of the drug Ecstasy, being manufactured in the Netherlands, computer viruses being sent worldwide from one office in the Philippines and large US banks discovering that they have been used in large Russian money laundering operations."
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Power of Transnational Corporations, 2007.
This paper analyzes the power of transnational corporations.
847 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that even the richest and most powerful nations need economic productivity and cash, so they find ways to cooperate with the interests of transnational corporations (TNCs). Fortunately, the owners and employees of these TNCs usually consider benefits to humanity as also beneficial to the company. The writer notes that many analysts consider the actual control of transnational corporations to be impossible. However, a large measure of control can be achieved by controlling the environments, (business, economic, legislative and political), within which TNCs do business. The writer concludes that problems only arise when ignorance rules or when personal greed overcomes reason.
From the Paper
"Beyond this, few states have the means to control TNCs beyond allowing or disallowing them. China has come as close as any member state, perhaps, because of its ability to apply its rules to its own corporations immediately upon making any decision. It is the nature of the absolute power of the state in certain areas. This factor has inhibited investment in China until they can establish a more constant rule of law. Corporations have gotten around this since China joined the WTO by negotiating binding agreements with the state. While there are other states with absolute power, none can approach the economic power of the PRC. That TNCs negotiate directly with the host countries without the need to go through their own government's state department or some other political power is indicative of the actual power these TNCs wield."
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Post-Cold War Transnational Crime, 2005.
Analyzes transnational crime since the end of the Cold War.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines transnational crime which has increased since the end of the Cold War fifteen years ago, primarily because the collapse of the Soviet empire provided vast new opportunities for international criminals to traffic more extensively in illegal arms sales and black marketeering. The fall of the Soviet Union and its entire economic and security infrastructure has had many consequences. The paper shows that many Russian conventional and nuclear weapons arsenals are no longer secure because the government lacks the funds to provide adequate security staffs, and unemployment is so high that many Russians are engaging in black market activities.
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A Journal Entry on Transnational Feminism, 2002.
An overview of transnational feminism and the western world.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Western feminism in relation to global issues that concern women, and argues for a transnational feminist perspective. Drawing from different cultural examples around the world, this essay attempts to establish the possibility of a feminist ethic that enables cultural difference, and does not impose Western values on non-Western practices.
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Transnational IT Operations, 2006.
A discussion about transnational IT operations and pros and cons associated with it.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper covers various aspects, advantages, disadvantages and issues related to transnational IT operations using simple and straight forward descriptions. The paper discusses transfer of work, quality issues, global networking and service levels. It then goes on to analyze
considerations of cultural diversity, language, technological infrastructure, local customs and control issues.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Transfer Of Work, Quality Issues, Global Networking And Service Levels
Considerations Of Cultural Diversity, Language, Technological Infrastructure, Local Customs And Control Issues
From the Paper
"As stated previously, the explosion of the Internet has made many jobs that don't need a live person present at all times, available to foreign workers via telecommuting. Using technology such as the Internet, email, instant messaging and remote desktop software, there are lots of capable programmers in 3rd world countries that work for 1/3 of the price. Nevertheless, some IT jobs do need hands-on professionals available at all times or even just someone with cultural insight."
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Transnational Criminal Groups and Terrorism, 2005.
An examination of the connection between transnational criminal groups and terrorist groups in today's world.
1,364 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The increasing relationship between transnational criminal groups and terrorist groups constitutes a complex and fluid situation. This paper broadly examines some of the reasons for the increasing relationship between these two groups and by looking briefly at the organisational structures, actions and motivations of them, attempts to assess the current strength of this linkage.
Outline
Introduction
Traditional Similarities
Growing Similarities
Partnerships
Fundamental Differences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Prior to September 11 the relationship between transnational criminal groups and terrorist groups was relatively unexplored and it appears that it was a widely held view that the link between the two was limited. In 1996 the United States government reported, 'On the basis of information currently available to the United States Government, it appear[s] that most transnational crime [is] completely unrelated to terrorist crimes or terrorism' . In the mid-1990s Alex Schmid (head of the United Nations Terrorism Prevention Branch) completed a study for the United Nations in which he came to the conclusion that '...despite some common ground, organized crime and terrorism are distinct phenomena that should not be confused. While there is overlap in the modus operandi of terrorists and organized criminals, there are several important differences'."
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Transnational Corporations and the Environment, 1995.
This paper discusses the responsibility of transnational coporations for ecological damage and preservation: Sustainable development, leadership, examples, regulations, global cooperation and the role of banks.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Corporate responsibility to the environment has become one of the critical issues of the 1990s. Corporate responsibility, also known as "corporate greening", "product stewardship", or "proactive management", often goes beyond adherence to regulatory requirements and results in corporate environmental activism. Transnational corporations possess the technology and research ability to provide solutions to global and regional environmental problems or to alter the environment adversely. In the past, international businesses have been associated with environmental degradation in developing countries. In contrast, the collective corporate agenda for the 21st century includes substantial investment of both financial and personnel resources in meeting the sustainable development challenges of the global environment.
Sustainable development recognizes the need to preserve ... "
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Terrorism and Transnational Crime, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of terrorism pre and post 9/11, the relationship of money laundering to terrorism using the Colombian narco-traffickers as a model and the relationship of transnational crime and terrorism.
4,120 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 52 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the literature states the necessity of extending the scope of terrorism to include related trends of drug-trafficking, organized crime and unlawful migration to America because these trends serve as breeding grounds to terroristS who have been looking for newer ways to broaden the terrorist funding base. The author points out that the literature indicates that the methodology adopted by the drug mafia in Columbia, to distribute their narcotics at the global level and subsequently to use that money to fund organizations creating civil unrest, has been adopted by the terrorists in the Middle East. The paper relates that literature discusses the actions taken by global institutions at the forefront of global anti-money laundering administration and reviews some fundamentals of the critical anti-money laundering law, such as the constant attrition of confidentiality and the obligation of augmented necessities of carefulness.
Table of Contents
Terrorism
Analysis of Literature on Terrorism Pre-Post 9/11
Money Laundering
Relationship between the Colombian Narco-Traffickers and Colombian Insurgency
Trans-national Organized Crime and Terrorism
From the Paper
"Michael Reisman (1999) gives a fair review of the past and the present actions and procedures of calculated and politically provoked violent non-government groups. Many critics have questioned the unwillingness of the American courts to prosecute terrorist activities that have taken place outside American grounds. Michael reviews the reasons behind the reluctance of the American courts to take legal action in these scenarios. He also reviews the dilemma of the incompetent countries whose soil has been exploited as a foundation for terrorist training and terrorist activities against other countries, particularly the United States. Similarly, Peter Chalk (1998) reviews a number of terrorist events which could have resulted in greater understanding and classification of terrorism and the fundamentals that serve as driving forces for terrorist acts. He concludes his study by creating a model for responding to terrorist actions within the customs of political and social legality."
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Transnational Feminism: Token Equality?, 2002.
Critique of Sherene Razack's article about multicultural feminisim in Northern countries such as Canada.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Sherene Razack, in her article "Your Place or Mine: Transnational Feminist Collaboration," slaughters sacred cows at a truly phenomenal rate. As this review will demonstrate, her article represents a brilliant and insightful challenge of the tokenism with which liberal, multicultural Canada - and the liberal, multicultural academy - represents women from the "Third World". While the logic of her argument is, I would argue, flawed in spots, the power of her arguments nonetheless reflects a mature feminist discourse that has come of age in our transnational era. Sadly, her arguments - and particularly her analysis of the subtle racism and social constructions of the asylum/refugee process in Northern countries such as Canada - are not likely to be reprinted in the mainstream media where they deserve a wider audience and provoke public debate.
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The Transnational Corporation (TNC) and its Affects on the Third World, 2002.
Discusses the relationship between emerging developing countries and established industrial international corporations.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
Transnational corporations - companies which operate in two or more nations - have emerged onto the global scene as business conglomerates that affect the lives of people on six different continents. This paper analyzes the affects that transnational Corporations have on developing countries, examines how they can stimulate economic activity and the detrimental, darker role TNC?s can play in harming the environment and taking advantage of the less stringent standards in developing countries. The paper uses Cypher and Dietz?s "The Process of Economic Development", Chapter 14: TNC?s (1998), as well as Andre Frank?s "The Development of Underdevelopment" (1969).
From the Paper
"Cypher and Dietz term DFI or Direct Foreign Investment as the ownership of productive assets by a corporation in another nation. They continue by pointing out that existing plant and equipment is quite often the target of TNC investment for purchase, reducing the ownership and control of domestic capitalists (C & D 1998, PGs. 436-438). When TNC?s purchase existing plants and equipment in developing countries, they are not aiding the local economy or stimulating investment, but rather are carving their own niche into the developing country that substitutes local ownership and control. Based upon statistical analysis of total investment in developing countries, DFI accounts for a small slice and thus has a rather modest impact on the growth of lesser-developed countries. Cypher and Dietz point out that the impact the TNC positively has on undeveloped countries is more qualitative in nature than quantitative (C & D 1998, Pg. 438)."
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