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The Transmission of Culture, 2007.
This paper explores how culture is transmitted through the generations.
1,526 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper identifies a definition of culture and examines how it is transmitted, generically speaking. The paper discusses the need to be nurtured and socially taught so that as we mature, we will meet the cultural guidelines in each developmental phase of our lives. The paper also talks about a sub-culture; a group within a society whose values and norms are different from that of the accepted dominant view. The paper utilizes the example of American society's rigid emphasis on gender roles to demonstrate how Americans transmit culture already from the time of birth.
From the Paper
"Before one can understand how an aspect of our American culture came about, and how it is being translated today to nearly all members of our society, we must see how culture is transmitted. Before we can even do that, we need to understand what culture actually is; everyone has an idea of what culture is, but whether we know it or not, we associate the words "culture" with "American culture" and use the two interchangeably. We may think that "American culture" is "culture" because of the idea of ethnocentrism, the idea that one's own culture is the right culture, and all others should follow. However, more times than not, most open-minded and fair people that use "American culture" and "culture" interchangeably will do so without meaning to and will do so because their "American culture" is all they have ever known. Therefore, since that culture is the only one they have been exposed to, that is the only viewpoint on the world that they possess (Nanda and Warms 86)."
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Culture, Learning and Market, 2002.
This paper is a personal essay that discusses the obligation to transmit our heritage of culture and learning to the next generation which cannot be met by the market alone.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper states that learning and culture are two complementary entities in the process of human development. The paper concludes that an ethical stand-alone market system would naturally evolve when all the market players understand that in the long run it makes good economic sense to encourage this real value of humankind.
Table of Contents
Introduction - Towards Human Emergence
Social Environment - The Distilled Wisdom of Our Heritage of Culture and Learning
Culture and Learning- The Essence of Being Human
Transmission of Culture and Learning to Our Next Generation
The Mechanism of Transmission
The Case against Market
The Case for the Market
Is the Assertion Justified ?
Market and Ethics- An Evolutionary Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Human societies consist of organized groups of individuals of all ages having a set of behavioral rules that are transmitted from one generation to another. This process of transmission can be divided into two broad categories- direct or indirect. When the values and accumulated knowledge of the society are transmitted through some kind of formal training, it is called ?learning?. While the process of learning aims at transmission of knowledge and values in the formal way, the outcome of this process depends on many things that are never taught - things that we absorb from our social environment. This intangible phenomenon that is an integral and parallel part of learning is ?culture?."
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Breastfeeding and HIV Transmission, 2008.
Looks at breastfeeding and HIV transmission among black women.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that information about the risks of infection transmission of HIV must be provided to women in culturally relevant terms so that they can understand the significance of their choices. However, there is a communication gap in many black communities regarding healthcare prevention as well as treatment. The author points out that healthcare professionals must be fully informed of the benefits, risks and detriments of HIV transmission in HIV positive black women so that they can effectively communicate what they know in an unbiased and culturally relevant manner.
From the Paper
"Numerous studies have been performed to determine the risk of mothers who are HIV positive breastfeeding their babies. According to Crowe et. al. (2006) since a 1992 study by Dunn, it has been widely accepted that 14 percent of babies whose HIV positive mothers breastfed them would become infected themselves. However, there is now a great deal of evidence that this figure is not accurate because Dunn did not take a lot of important variables into account."
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Bidirectional Fiber Transmission, 2005.
A comparison of single fiber and dual fiber realization of bidirectional fiber transmission.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with an explanation of the four common methods of providing bidirectional communications between two devices and then explains the technique of transmitting multiple optical signals on a single optical fiber known as wavelength division multiplexing. The paper concludes with a comparison of single fiber transmission and dual fiber transmission and an explanation of the advantages of single fiber transmission.
From the Paper
"Duplexing methods determine the overall throughput that is shared between the two directions of transmission: downstream and upstream. The important property of a duplex method is its ability to achieve a good distribution of high data rates for all the loops in a cable binder. If the same frequency bands are used simultaneously for both upstream and downstream transmission in a cable binder, the available capacity will be severely affected."
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Vertical Transmission of HIV in South Africa, 2002.
An examination of the disastrous spread of HIV in South Africa, especially via vertical (mother to baby) transmission.
6,372 words (approx. 25.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
Vertical transmission of AIDS has assumed enormous proportions, and this problem is aggravating the already disastrous AIDS epidemic in South Africa. This paper considers the problem of vertical transmission in little detail and ascertains the treatment methodologies and how their proper implementation could avert this major crisis from worsening the already damaged social and economic structure of Africa.
From the Paper
"AIDS is one of the most dreaded epidemic diseases of the last century with an almost unabated outburst throughout the last two decades. More than 40 million people throughout the world are afflicted by AIDS. The dreadedness of the disease is reflected in the disastrous and debilitating effects it has had on people all over the world. The social and economic implications of AIDS has been something unprecedented in the history of world. Though the HIV virus is not easily transmitted the increasing number of infected people around the world only indicates a major global catastrophe. The concerning fact is that while we are still engaged in active medical research for a cure of this deadly disease, the HIV virus continues unhindered, to infect millions of people worldwide. The third world nations and Africa in particular have been the most affected. The impact of the AIDS epidemic in Africa is made worse by the poor economic situation and the consequently unaffordable medical facilities. Vertical transmission of the disease from mother to the child is continuing in an uncontrolled manner contributing to as much as 40 % of new AIDS cases. [AidsAction]"
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Manual versus Automatic Transmission, 2002.
Argues that manual transmission is better than automatic.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper describes, compares and contrasts manual and automatic transmissions, defending the thesis that manuals are better than automatics in several aspects including efficiency, expense and pleasure. The paper argues that manual transmission is better than automatic because it is more pleasant to drive, giving one full control of the vehicle (about 62% of the sports cars sold in the U.S. are manual), it is more efficient and safe because it requires the driver's full attention and is cheaper because it requires less gas.
From the Paper
"Ever since the automotive revolution began, there has been a battle between manual and automatic transmissions. Many differences can be pointed out, and when the two are objectively compared, one can easily see that manuals are superior to automatics. One of the strongest impressions that foreigners get when they first visit the USA is the fact that so many Americans prefer to drive automobiles with automatic instead of manual transmissions. In Europe, where the average cost of gas is $4 per gallon, most people, almost without exception, drive manuals because automatics need more fuel. Driving a manual there is an axiom ? no one questions it, and everyone believes it is better. However, blind belief is not right. That is why a few arguments will be stated in defense of manual transmissions. Although cars with automatic transmissions may appear appealing to the customers, the truth is that manually operated automobiles are superior. Automatic cars are so easy to operate that they deprive the driver of the delight of feeling in control of the car. That ease also allows the driver to have a quick cup of coffee or a nice talk on his or her cellular phone while driving. In addition, when a driver has only one pedal and the steering wheel to worry about, he or she is more apt to fall asleep. These distractions make them dangerous on the road."
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of mother to child transmission of AIDS in Africa and looks at a possible solution.
3,126 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that from a humanitarian point of view, as well as from an economic point of view, it would seem appropriate that authorities should endeavour to protect the most innocent of all innocent victims - new born babies. The writer then discusses that the existence of effective drugs offers the possibility of saving literally millions of newborns from the horrible fate of being born with AIDS. Thus, it would seem that curbing mother to child transmission of AIDS (MTCT) with the use of antiretrovirals should be the top priority of governments in sub-Saharan Africa. This would be the most humane and cost-effective way of coping with the AIDS crisis in the medium to long term. Yet this is not the case. This essay seeks to examine the extent to which MTCT is being combated in sub-Saharan Africa, the reasons for this lack of commitment and to come up with suggestions to improve the situation.
Outline:
Background/Rationale:
Objectives
Methodology
Outcomes
From the Paper
"The last-mentioned factor brings us to another problem that complicates the issue of MTCT in Africa. There is some controversy over the issue of nursing, as some studies have indicated that HIV is not transmitted in this way, while others have suggested that in poverty-stricken communities, the benefits of breast milk outweigh the risks posed by possible MTCT of AIDS. The problem is that - unlike in North America - in sub-Saharan Africa countless numbers of babies die of malnutrition, or from infectious diseases. Breast milk provides some measure of protection from both of these, as it is an ideal source of nutrition, and also passes the mother's antibodies to infants. Thus, it is extremely difficult to know whether to advise HIV positive mothers not to nurse - more harm may be done than good."
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2008.
A research proposal to look into the transmission of AIDS from mothers to their babies.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal on the topic of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of AIDS in Africa. It includes information regarding effective ways to prevent MTCT, and highlights the sad truth that these methods are under-utilized, and that women in Africa are often powerless to protect themselves from and their unborn children from the virus.
Outline:
Background/Rationale
Objectives
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
From the Paper
"In addition, AIDS in Africa is mainly heterosexually transmitted, and is more associated with poverty than with any particular sexual preference. Experts speculate that this may be partly due to the fact that poverty in Africa is all too often accompanied by untreated sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). These STDs can lead to lesions in the genital region, and the lesions allow for easier transmission of the HIV virus. Because AIDS in Africa is about poverty, it should be addressed with social programs. And as social programs should be based on sound research, the more research that is done on this topic, the better (Barnett and Whiteside, 2002)."
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HIV Transmission in Breastfeeding African Women, 2002.
Examines the obstacles and issues involved in counteracting the transmission of HIV by breastfeeding mothers in Africa.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is an analysis of a very specific issue: the transmission of the HIV virus by African women who breastfeed their infants. The problem is complex, and includes a host of issues, the main one being cultural.
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AIDS in Africa: Mother to child transmission, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of mother to child transmission of AIDS in Africa, focusing specifically on South Africa.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how AIDS is the most virulent disease even known to affect humanity, and Africa has been particularly hard hit. This paper examines this pandemic in terms of its incidence and its epidemiological profile. The paper focuses on Africa and more specifically on sub-Saharan Africa. In addition this paper pays special attention to the interesting case of South Africa and the crucial subject of mother to child transmission.
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Culture as a Barrier to Communication, 2002.
Examines some of the obstacles which stand in the way between successful communication of people from different ethnic groups and cultures.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss a number of the obstacles to communication between individuals of different cultures. It will be argued that - apart from an obvious difference such as language - the different cultures of the individuals significantly impacts the act of communication both in terms of its transmission and its reception.
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The Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2002.
Examines the spread of AIDS in Africa and explores the social, cultural and behavioral reasons why AIDS is spreading so rapidly in that region.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes AIDS in Tropical Africa. Issues covered include recent statistics relating to different countries within Africa, spatial distribution and patterns of spread, and an evaluation of the social, cultural, and behavioral reasons why AIDS is spreading so rapidly. The paper concludes with a discussion of strategies for prevention, projects to reduce the spread of AIDS, and the use of drugs in AIDS treatments in Africa.
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Signal Transmission, 2002.
An overview of this theory developed by Claude Shannon.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the mathematical theory of signal transmission that research scientist Claude Shannon developed in the late 1940's.
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Review of Storytelling as Literature, 2002.
Examines the value and impact of storytelling on society.
4,288 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper studies the literature examining hidden meanings, cultural norms and morals that are embedded in myths and fairy tales. The second part of the paper looks at how these meanings and cultural norms get imbued and reproduced in the minds of their audience ? primarily children.. In the third part, this paper looks at how psychologists like Bruno Bettelheim maintain that storytelling can serve a therapeutic value for the individual. Finally, the paper studies literature concerning how myths also serve an ideological purpose and, through critical appropriation, how these stories could also have a subversive value.
Storytelling Review of Literature
Cultural Meanings
Transmission of Cultural Norms
Therapeutic Uses of Fairy Tales
Fairy Tales as Ideology
Critical Appropriations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One aspect common to all cultures is the aspect of mythology. In The Power of Myth, Joseph Campbell (1988) defines a myth as ?stories about gods? (22). These stories, however, serve two distinct functions. Myths serve to explain natural phenomena and help people to locate their place within the natural order. Myths also serve a sociological purpose, by linking a person to a particular social group."
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Indo-Caribbean Women, 2005.
This paper answers two specific questions about Indo-Caribbean people and their culture.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at two points about Indo-Caribbean people and the Indo-Caribbean culture. The first question discusses the historical, racial, social and cultural implications of the field-song "Oh Maninga." The second looks at two contributions to the study of Indo-Caribbean culture by women, specifically writing and cultural transmission.
From the Paper
"The song "Oh Maninga" illustrates a small part of the world of the Indo-Caribbean indentured laborer. The song shows a part of the world that was not frequently seen or discussed in historical literature until recently. Patterns of race and class, gender and culture can be seen in this song. Until the last few decades, people have not been interested in the people who worked in the Caribbean as indentured servants in horrible conditions for little compensation. Part of this is due to the racism inherent in the dominant western culture where those writing the history were not interested in the stories of the poor, especially not the women or otherwise powerless."
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