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Trajan: Emperor of Rome, 2007.
A biography of life and legacy of Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus who become emperor of Rome.
3,192 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the life and career of Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus otherwise known as Trajan. It looks at how Trajan was one of the Antonine Roman emperors who ruled the Empire from 98 AD to 117 AD, following the extremely short rule of Nerva. The paper also discusses how Trajan's rule was one of the most contentious in Roman history and how, although almost constantly at war, Trajan was also responsible for expanding the Roman Empire to its greatest limits.
Outline
Introduction
Early Life
Career and Rise to Power
Dacian Wars
Further Campaigns
Period of Peace
Administration and Policies
Legacy-Honors and Reputation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Regardless of the political necessity of quashing the aggressive Dacian ruler, the Dacian Wars were less about retribution than they were of practical need. Dacia had value outside of its place as new territory for Rome. All of Trajan's campaigns came at a price, of course. His extended military campaigns were costly, in terms of lives, resources, and funds. Dacius also retained great strategic value, as well as wealth in "gold, silver, and essential minerals" (Kean 76). Wealth was not an incidental consideration when choosing to fight a war. Campbell states that "the extra cost of war might rather unpredictably be recouped by booty, as in Augustus' conquest of Egypt or Trajan's victory over Dacia" (86). "
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Trajan Emperor of Rome, 2002.
This essay discusses the life of Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, Emperor of Rome, his rise to power and reign as emperor.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses Trajan?s reign as a near perfect Roman ruler. The writer examines what Trajan accomplished during his reign, including restoring the treasury that had been depleted under Domitian?s reign, causing the empire to undergo an expansion program that had not been seen since before the time of Augustus, lowering taxes, enlarging public works and renovating Italy?s roads.
From the Paper
?Marcus Ulpius Trajanus was born on "the fourteenth day before the kaleds of March? or in other words, September 18th, probably in the year AD 52 at Italica near Seville, Spain. Being of Spanish origin made him the first emperor who did not come from Italy, even though he was from an old Umbrian family from Tuder in northern Italy. Having chosen to settle in Spain, the family was not a purely provincial one (Empire, pg). Trajan was the son of a Senator, Consul, and Governor of Asia and Syria. His father, also Macus Ulpius Trajanus, commanded the Tenth Legion ?Fretensis? in the Jewish War of AD 67-68. He became consul in AD 70 and in AD 75 he became governor of Syria, which was one of the key military provinces in the empire.?
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Emperor Worship, 2008.
An examination of the history of emperor worship in Rome and how their rituals changed over time.
3,756 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the historical worship of emperors in Roman culture. It describes the background to their worship of emperors and provides examples of some of the Roman emperors who were worshiped. The paper then follows the trend through history and describes how rituals changed over time. The paper also looks at why emperor worship was so popular.
From the Paper
"The god Apollo was identified with the sun. Hence, the sun, which shines over all of the earth, was perceived to symbolize both the universal king and the central authority. The sun, also called Sol, was believed to ascend in importance with the sky god and even outshone him under certain leaderships. This identification of a ruler with the sun existed in other ancient cultures around the world, such as in Mexico and Bengal. The sun symbol also appeared in Ptolemy's records as it did with the zodiac sign of Leo and the month of August. The symbol was a sign of the projection of ego power, such as Augustus'."
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Emperor Justinian the Great, 2008.
This paper discusses the achievements of Justinian the Great, who became emperor of Rome in 526.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Justinian the Great restored order amid political and religious passions, rebuilt the empire and guarded the frontiers, all remarkably well. The author describes the wars in which Justinian's military policy was a brilliant success and relates that Justinian restored power over much of the western empire and controlled the Mediterranean. The paper further states that, as a philosopher and theologian, compared with his attacks on Christian heretics, Justinian seemed mostly indifferent to the teaching of paganism. Additionally, the paper reports the process by which Justinian organized the sources of Roman law into the Code of Justinian. The author of the paper concludes that Justinian, by surrounding himself with able assistants, brought back the grandeur of past emperors but could not revive the Empire.
From the Paper
"As a builder of public works, Justinian made lasting contributions to the monuments that mark the empire. His official historian, Procopius, spent eight books describing the many works he tirelessly carried on throughout the empire. His most celebrated, the Saint Sophia, still stands as a monument to his efforts. Justinian boasted that it surpassed Solomon's temple. Saint Vitalis's at Ravenna was comparable, filled with precious metals, marbles, and mosaics, monuments to the emperor's ostentatious piety. Pilgrims and mendicants probably appreciated more the inns, hospitals, and convents that made travel to the shrines safer and much more comfortable."
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Octavian's Rise to Power, 2006.
A brief history of how Octavian became the first emperor of Rome.
3,577 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the rise to power of Octavian in 27 BCE, looking at how Cicero first supported Octavian as a potential leader of the Roman Republic and a bulwark against the threat of Antony's dictatorship over Rome and later opposed him when Octavian took sides with Antony. The paper then describes the defeat of Brutus at the hands of Antony and Octavian, the demise of Antony at the hands of Octavian and Octavian's final ascent to power.
From the Paper
"Cicero hated tyrants and spent much of his later political life seeking a leader who would restore the Roman Republic. To this end, he tried to use Octavian as a potential bulwark against the threat of Antony's dictatorship over Rome, but to Cicero's great dismay, Octavian was only the lesser of two evils. He, too, sought absolute political power and, using Cicero's popularity and controlling the Senate, he reached his goal (in 27 BCE, crowning himself princeps, and later, emperor.) In many ways, Cicero opposed Octavian's rise to power, especially when Octavian joined forced with Antony in a triumvirate with Lepidus. In 43 BCE, this "second" triumvirate had Cicero executed as an enemy of the state. "
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Octavian, The Roman Emperor, 2002.
Research paper about Octavian, the Roman Emperor, and the impact of his rule on Rome.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses Octavian also known as Caesar Augustus with respect to the New Testament and the impact on Rome of his priceless contributions.
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"A Scandalous History of the Roman Emperors", 2002.
A review of Anthony Blond's book, "A Scandalous History of the Roman Emperors", characterizing the Roman era.
1,988 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book, "A Scandalous History of the Roman Emperors" by Anthony Blond, who seems to have written a history of Rome for the current tabloid age. The paper illustrates the book as both a history of the Emperors and a characterization of the age. The paper describes the picture created by the author of the Roman era, and the stories he tells of the emperors, from Julius Caesar to Nero. This is followed by a discussion of Rome as a city and an empire. The paper claims that although the author of the book states that there is nothing original in his book, the paper shows that the approach he takes to the material is original.
From the Paper
"One monument that Blond gives special attention, as did the Romans, is the Colosseum, notable for the money, effort, materials, and time spent on construction. This space was central in Rome, providing an arena for the Games and so far watching the slaughter of men and beasts. The base of its pillars consist of blocks of seventy cubic feet of stone, each weighing five tons. Some 50,000 wagonloads of tavertine were brought to the site."
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Emperor Wen-ti, First of the Sui Dynasty, 2006.
This paper outlines Emperor Wen-ti's (581-604 C.E.) rise to power at the onset of the Sui dynasty in China beginning in 581 C.E. until its fall one emperor later in 617 C.E..
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after the period of dis-unification, Yan Chien proclaimed himself Emperor Wen-ti initiating the Sui dynasty, which was modeled after the earlier Han dynasty. The author points out that the Sui dynasty centralized Chinese power and returned an air of legitimacy to the imperial house; the principles of governance perfected during the Sui Dynasty remained ingrained in imperial China until its dissolution nearly 1,300 years later. The paper relates that Wen-ti chose to demolish the former capitol Ch'ang-an and rebuild it with the help of distinguished architect and engineer Yu-wen K'ai; Ch'ang-an would become not only the center of Chinese political thought but also the center of the Universe, presided over by the "Son of Heaven".
From the Paper
"A man of great piety, Wen-ti actively nurtured the construction of Buddhist and Taoist temples and the recovering and re-copying of both religious and secular literature. To further the goals of unification Wen-ti issued decrees on the, "purification of Chinese literary style" (Wright 10). The Emperor offered charters to those willing to build Buddhist temples and both Wen-ti and his empress were to construct several, including one dedicated to her honor after her death in 603 CE. It is said that this temple was to house a tooth of the Buddha brought back by the pilgrim Fa-hsien from India in the fifth century (Wright 89). However pious, Wen-ti and his advisors also saw organized Buddhism as a force that needed constant monitoring in order to retain the Emperor's divine right of pronouncement on all matters of morality and public policy."
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?The Emperor of Ice-Cream?, 2002.
A review of Wallace Stevens? poem ?The Emperor of Ice-Cream?.
699 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the poem ?The Emperor of Ice-Cream? by Wallace Stevens which describes a funeral scene. It shows how although the poem is based on the story of an old woman?s wake, Stevens delves into the deeper meanings of life, death and reality in the poem. It examines how the title also symbolizes the primacy of physical, sensual pleasures, which is one of the themes of the poem. Although a funeral is about to take place, the narrator and the funeral attendants are more concerned with mundane details such as ice cream. It looks at how the poet ends each stanza with the line, ?The only emperor is the emperor of ice-cream,? which emphasizes that sensual pleasures are more important than thoughts of religion or the hereafter.
From the Paper
"However, Stevens isn?t just trying to startle his readers. The poet presents a complex attitude toward death with ?The Emperor of Ice-Cream.? Death is treated by the funeral-goers as an unimportant, inconsequential, even distracting part of life. The funeral-goers, who cannot properly be called mourners because they show no signs of mourning, are not as concerned about the dead woman as they are with mundane things. Ice cream is the main symbol of these mundane considerations. Other minute details that distract the attendants, including the narrator, from the matter at hand are the ?three glass knobs? missing from the deal dresser and the embroidery on the woman?s cloth."
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Rule of Law in Ancient Rome, 2002.
This research paper discusses the Rule of Law in Ancient Rome, focusing on events after the Republicans took over.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the rule of law served as a basis for the Roman Republic. The research paper is divided into three distinct parts. The first and the introductory part reveals an overview of Ancient Rome and the old city of Rome. The second part gives a detailed account of the Rule of Law in Ancient Rome, addressing the underlying philosophy of the Rule of Law. In addition, this part highlights the consequences of the rule of law and explains the downfall of the Republic. The last section discusses the emergence of modern Rome. All the above-mentioned components are connected to the basic theme of the paper that discusses the philosophy of, causes of and reasons for the Rule of Law in ancient Rome.
From the Paper
"Many civilizations have grown from berserk to better and from reaching the disastrous end to regaining glory and grandeur. However the history has witnessed a good few international cultures that have transformed their weaknesses into strengths, took a stand for a better world where their generations are far more secure. A world that can offer them harmony of soul, peace of mind and a bright future to look ahead to. However after endless feuds and struggles, there are many examples of those civilizations that turned barbaric at the end of the century, recuperating later to be one of the most cultured nations. One such civilization that saw many good and bad phases and covered a sea of tormenting struggles, including taking a stand against despots of their time and fighting for their rights as a nation against the tyrant monarchs is the Roman Empire."
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The Year of the Four Emperors, 2000.
This paper discusses the history and political effects of the Roman civil war in 68 AD.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the political activity of the year 68 AD in the Roman Empire. It begins with the death of Nero and a summary of his leadership. It follows with Galba?s declaration as leader of Rome and a discussion of his reign as emperor, focusing on the mistakes that led to his downfall. Next, the paper looks at Emperor Otho?s brief rule of ninety-four days, and the reasons for his defeat. The paper then moves on to Vitellius? plot to win the throne, his military encounters and his surrender and abdication to Flavius Sabinus. The paper concludes with the rise of the emperor Vespasian. Vespasian?s political career is summarized and his method of restoring order is explained.
From the Paper
"What is referred to by historians as The Long Year or The Year of the Four Emperors centers around the events of the year 69 A.D., but stretches beyond in either direction. It begins with the heirless death of Nero in 68, followed by the quick succession of four powerful military commanders: Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian. Unlike his three predecessors, Vespasian was able to hold on to his power and found the Flavian dynasty of emperors."
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Japanese Emperor Hirohito, 2005.
This paper discusses the reign of Japanese Emperor Hirohito and Japan's rise as a colonial power, which predates his reign.
2,225 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the reign of Emperor Hirohito, from 1926 to 1989, was designated Showa, or "Enlightened Peace"; this period includes World War II but historians disagree on the degree to which Hirohito supported Japan's expansionist policies from 1931 to World War II. The author points out that, on Jan. 1, 1946, Hirohito repudiated the traditional quasi-divine status of Japan's emperors and, under the nation's new constitution, drafted by U.S. occupation authorities, Japan became a constitutional monarchy with sovereignty resided in the people, not in the emperor, whose powers were severely curtailed. The paper relates the political issues during the Showa period and the prior era in which Japan rejected Western colonization.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Showa Period
Political Developments
Japan's Rise as a Colonial Power
From the Paper
"Hosokawa initiated political reform, including limitations on campaign contributions and a change in the Japanese electoral system from multiple-member to single-member districts. He achieved some success in limiting contributions and managed to pass a modified elections package that included the creation of 300 single-member constituencies. Opposition within his coalition to tax reform and accusations of his own involvement in the Miyazawa-era scandal forced his resignation in April 1994. Hosokawa's successor lasted a mere two months."
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Politics and the Rome Olympics, 2008.
This paper discusses the politics involved in the 1960 Olympic Games held in Rome.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the politics surrounding the 1960 Rome Olympics and examines how these externalities shaped the way in which history will remember the Games. The paper also looks at why the Games were so vitally important to Italy at the time - and why the Games, perhaps in a fashion unknown at the time, contributed to the burgeoning feminist movement. Finally, and most importantly, the paper looks at the role the Cold War played in making the 1960 Rome Games substantially different from any Olympic Games that had come before it. In particular, time is devoted to looking at how the Olympic Games of 1960 signaled to a mass American audience that the notion of automatic American superiority was no more; the medal haul of the Soviet Union that year was compelling proof of such. Ultimately, the 1960 Rome Olympics saw broader developments in the wider world reflected in significant changes on the medal podium.
From the Paper
"The 1960 Rome Olympics was significant, in part, because it underscored the position of Italy at the dawn of the 1960s. To wit, the country was awarded the 1960 Rome Olympics chiefly because of its economic progress since 1945 and because of its legitimate place as a member of the "Capitalist West;" there is also the general sense that the country was given the bauble of the Games because of its political progress since the end of the Second World War; as an addendum, it should be noted that the Games were very important to Italians, or at least to their leaders, inasmuch as the country struggled after the close of the Second World War with a reputation for being politically unstable and even "anarchic". From a purely economic stand-point, the 1960 Rome Olympics were important to Italy because the country, whatever economic gains it had made in the previous 15 years, was still woefully dependent upon tourism."
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Emperor Claudius, 2005.
An analysis of the rule of the Roman Emperor Claudius.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the argument of whether Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus was a success or a failure as an emperor. It analyses his unfortunate childhood as well as his reign and attempts to explain the reasoning behind his actions as emperor. It concludes that he was in fact an intelligent and successful Roman Emperor.
From the Paper
"The idea that the power of Rome lies in her Army, has been proven time and time again by figures such as Marius and Sulla. Claudius likewise was no stranger to this fact and, as a result, many of his first actions as Emperor were to secure the loyalty of the army and to establish some much needed military-credentials. Hennessy (1990) explains that following Claudius' rise to power with the support of the Praetorian Guard, he promised each guard 150 gold pieces with the intention of buying their allegiance and hence his protection. Claudius then went to plan and execute a campaign to, as Fagan (2004) argued, secure both military distinction and the respect of the Army. This, of course, came in the form of the famous invasion and annexation of Britain. To keep this strong military image throughout his reign, he added to the Roman Empire: Mauritania, Thrace and Lycia (BBC 2004). By the end of his reign, Claudius had been hailed Imperator twenty-seven times and had won a triumph (Fagan, 2004)."
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Memo to the Emperor, 2006.
A memo to the emperor by Chen Lee regarding the issue of legalizing opium.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper serves as a memo to the emperor dealing with opium. The memo suggests that the emperor should legalize opium. The argument is based on two arguments. The first deals with the negative effects prohibition is having on trade. The second looks at the negative effects on the domestic economy.
From the Paper
"Chen Lee, economic advisor to the Emperor, presents the following memorial in regard to opium. I humbly suggest that the Emperor legalize opium. Two arguments will be used to support my recommendations. The first argument deals with the benefits to international trade that will result from the legalization of opium and the harm the prohibition has had on trade. Opium has a long history as a trade good not only in China but in many of the lands that we trade with. Opium is a commodity that provides a wide range of economic opportunities."
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