| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "TRAFFIC CONTROL": |
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Air Traffic Control 'Free Flight' System, 2004.
Compares the current air traffic control system with the newer air traffic control 'free flight' system.
1,217 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the ?free flight? system of air traffic control and compares it with the present air traffic control system. The paper also describes the limitations of the current air traffic system and then goes on to explain how the 'free flight' system promises efficiency and profitability for the airline industry.
From the Paper
"With more than 50,000 flights taking to the skies everyday the present US air traffic control system places increasing strain on the control room staff who have the responsibility of tracking, guiding and directing the pilots. Under the current system, the air traffic controllers resolve conflicts in airspace using radar signals and regulating traffic by means of adjusting the altitude and speed limit of the different flights. As James Coyne, president of the National Air Transportation Association, says, ?All of the information that flows to and from a pilot today in virtually all aircraft is done on a strictly single-voice channel, back and forth, with human beings actually saying all the words live. As anyone can imagine, that is an extremely inefficient way to convey data." [Jacques Leslie] Pilots are dependent upon the instructions from the control room to avoid conflicts and disaster in airspace. Once the aircraft is cleared by the departure controller and left the TRACON (terminal radar control) airspace, it is monitored enroute by the personnel in the ARTCC (Air Route Traffic Control Center) who continue to provide the pilots with the traffic, altitude and speed instructions. [Craig C. Freudenrich Ph.D] For most airways however, the stipulated altitude, route and speed restrictions do not contribute to optimal efficiency."
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Air Traffic Control Communication.
This paper discusses air traffic control communication, the interactions between the pilots, and the traffic controlling authorities.
3,780 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the entire system of air traffic management is dependent upon the accountability of pilots on board and the air traffic controllers, who are dependent upon the data displayed and acquired from their computer screens, dials, and gauges simultaneously being ratified by their insights of past experience and pre-determined operational guidelines. The author points out that, although English is acknowledged as the international language in aviation history, many pilots present problems of dialects, accents, and interpretations, which have resulted in crashes. The paper relates that efficient communication will go a long way in guaranteeing secured air travel; advanced technology is now being launched, and rules are being slackened to render the pilots and air controllers greater freedom. Includes a PowerPoint presentation.
From the Paper
"The confusion resulting in misinterpretations of the terminologies lead to visualization of different objects other than those it indicates to. The lack of proficiency in the English language is noticed both among the Air Traffic Controller and the pilots the United States. However, it is not confined only to the foreign pilots. It is also essential in case of the US pilots flying across the other nations and facing the controlling crews of other nationalities, to effectively comprehend the short, disconnected and unintelligible English communications similar to the expectations of the proficiency in English by the foreign pilots. (Guest Editorial: Barriers to Effective Communication: Implications for the Cockpit) Moreover, the fact of deficiency of the foreign pilots in the English Language and their confinement to some of the standard aviation phraseologies must be acknowledged."
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Air Traffic Control, 2004.
An analysis of the changes made to the Airline Traffic Control system following 9/11.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the fact that following the 9/11 tragedy many politicians and airline industry representatives began to search for improvements to the Airline Traffic Control system (ATC). The paper explains that these improvements were deigned to increase security and safety for all flight personnel, as well as for all passengers. The paper outlines some of the changes made to the ATC systems and examines the benefits of each new policy or procedure.
From the Paper
"One of the most significant changes to ATC has been the implementation of key technology, deployed at the headquarters of NORAD, located in Colorado Springs. This technology, known as Explorer, enables the NORAD team to monitor all commercial aircraft flying across the country at any given time. Previously, the technology had been used solely to monitor for incoming missiles, or military planes (Carr and Cone, 2002). The FAA also added a staff of air traffic controllers to the NORAD base, as well as in many busy sectors across the country, to assist local ATC operators in the event of a hijacking situation (Strohm, 2004). In an effort to ensure proper handling of airline safety issues, the FAA also separated the responsibility of those dealing with hijack situations. The TSA, or Transportation Security Administration, has been established. In the event of a hijacked flight, the TSA is responsible for all actions while the plane is in the air. When the flight lands, the FBI is responsible (Strohm, 2004)."
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Air Traffic Control, 2002.
A look at how aviation safety has evolved.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the evolution and the development of safety programs within the Air Traffic Control System in the U.S.
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Air Traffic Controllers Strike in 1981, 1989.
Discusses central issues, consequences & impact on major differences between labor & government/management, Reagan's actions & their appropriateness, public interest, use of military controllers, impact of FAA and air traffic safety risks.
9,000 words (approx. 36.0 pages), 54 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), a labor union representing civilian air traffic controllers employed by an agency . the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) . of the United States (US) government, called a strike on 3 August 1981 (Office of AFCC History [OOAFCCH], 1985). In the ensuing months, PATCO's effectiveness as a collective bargaining organization was destroyed, the lives of hundreds of air traffic controllers and their families were quickly characterized by high levels of uncertainty and distress, air traffic safety in the US was temporarily compromised, military personnel were used as temporary replacements for the civilian air traffic controllers, and the quality of the industrial relations environment in the country deteriorated (...)"
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The Research Process, 2008.
Describes a research paper that investigates the shift work and fatigue of air traffic controllers and their negative impact on safety.
5,630 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper paper presents a study to explore the shift work and fatigue in air traffic controllers and their negative impact on safety. The paper relates that the research also focuses on the relationship between shift work, fatigue and time management in the present moment based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaire conducted over a short period of time with makes this research a cross-sectional study. In addition, the paper explains that the purpose of the research is to further the process of increasing transportation safety. The paper relates that it trusts that this research will contribute to increase the knowledge of current practice and provide a basis for future discussions and development of practice.
Outline:
Methodology
Research Philosophy
Research Approach
Research Strategy
Time Horizons and Research Type
Data Collection Methods
Sample Description
Data Quality Issues
Analysing the Data
Conclusion
Methodology
From the Paper
"Thereafter, data will be placed into theoretical structures and analysed with regards to how well they correspond. In some stages of the data analysis process, the researcher may encounter concepts/theories which had not been described in the existing theories and models of shift work, fatigue and time management in the literature review. These theories/concepts will be thereafter explained in depth and proposals will be made on how they can be associated with the current theories. As Saunders et al. (2003, p.385) mention "the data collection, data analysis and the development and verification of relationships and conclusions are very much an interrelated and interactive set of processes," which permits the studier to distinguish fundamental themes, relationships and interactions during data collection process. In addition, in this research, the data analysis will be carried out not only after all the data collection is complete, but also all through the survey process. "
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Traffic and Road Safety, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines the alarming rise in traffic related accidents, injuries and fatalities in the U.S., as well as the resources available to improve the current conditions.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the issue of traffic and road safety as a public health issue. This paper contains relevant statistics and data regarding traffic and road related injuries and fatalities. This paper examines the various options and strategies available to combat these traffic related accidents which kill 1.2 million people each year and injure between 20-50 million more. The writer contends that traffic safety is a fundamental public health issue and substantial resources are allocated to identify safety problem areas and ensure safety measures are implemented. This paper delves into the joint report on road safety issued by the World Health Organization and the World Bank which presented key facts and figures on which they framed their overall approach to this particular public health issue. This paper details various approaches to reducing the number of fatalities and injuries including a workable systems approach as well as action plans that involve the government, the public health sector, vehicle manufacturers, communities, civil society groups and private citizens.
Table of Contents:
Background
Proposed Methods
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Vision Zero Programme in Sweden and the sustainable safety programme implemented in the Netherlands were examples of what could be designed and implemented to encourage more walking and cycling reduce dependence on motorized transportation, thus also reduce pollution and environmental wastes. The public health sector could collect and analyze data on injuries in order to demonstrate their impact; research on risk factors; implement, monitor and evaluate interventions; deliver appropriate primary intervention, care and rehabilitation; and advocate for greater attention to the issue. A particular society or country could design its own systems approach to emphasize the actual conditions of its environment and the use of roads and vehicles, beyond re-educating or motivating motorists and pedestrians."
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Traffic Congestion in Oxford, 2007.
An analysis of the market failure associated with traffic congestion in Oxford, London and possible solutions to the problem.
3,952 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses traffic congestion in Oxford, London as a form of market failure. It describes conventional congestion policies and their success or failure at eliminating congestion. It also discusses the failure of traffic planning to counter congestion. The paper then focuses on market failure in terms of traffic congestion and how the situation can be improved. The paper finally discusses the application of congestion charging. The paper contains graphs and tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is meant by Market Failure?
Cost Benefit Analysis in a Perfect Market
Cost Benefit Analysis in an External Cost Situation
Application of Congestion Charging
Analysis of Traffic Congestion
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The London Congestion Charging is a policy that needs to be copied for the central areas of other cities including Oxford before the problem becomes even more difficult. The present charge rate for congestion parking is not the real market price but it has helped in reducing congestion in the area of operation. The present charge of L40 for 5 days for non residents and L4/week for residents of designated areas is a very moderate charge but it has resulted in reduction of traffic level by 10%. The principle aim of congestion charging was to reduce traffic levels in central London by between 10 and 15 per cent and congestion by between 20 and 30 per cent. These targets equate to billions of pounds worth of investments in capacity expansion and as we have seen the effect of road capacity expansion is short lived."
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Traffic Support Systems, 2006.
A discussion about using fuzzy logic for traffic support systems.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the need for improved traffic safety systems. The paper explains what fuzzy logic is, using the example of how it works to regulate temperatures on an air conditioner. It explains that fuzzy logic is used to measure imprecise and dynamic factors and allows for a reasonable judgement. In conclusion, writer states that fuzzy logic has improved the overall quality of life in other areas and posits that using fuzzy logic to assess traffic systems will result in traffic agencies making better overall decisions regarding traffic safety.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Motivation
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Fuzzy Logic allows us to measure imprecise and dynamic factors and allow for a reasonable judgement. For example, an air conditioner employing Fuzzy Logic can automatically regulate the temperature. If it's too hot, it will lower the temperature. It it's too cold, then it will increase the temperature. However, it's difficult to define what is "too hot" and what is "too cold". Also, there's the factor of humidity (dampness and dryness). Fuzzy Logic can control the system by accepting these dynamic variables and generating an optimal temperature output, providing better comfort for the user. Fuzzy Logic is now widely used in consumer electronics, agriculture, and manufacturing systems."
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Urban Traffic, 2006.
An in-depth discussion on the problems of modern urban traffic.
4,649 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of traffic and the effect of population growth, technology and trade on the state of traffic in the city. Providing statistics it expands, through examples, on the results of heavy traffic and the reasons for the increase. In conclusion, the author offers examples, strategy and reasoning of how cities have managed to overcome major urban traffic problems.
From the Paper
"Indeed, there are classic examples worldwide of cities where population growth and its resulting issues have created traffic problems. Of course, New York City is the epitome of legendary traffic problems that have stemmed from population growth. Specifically, as the city's economy has boomed, traffic congestion has worsened, and the result is increased costs and lowered productivity for companies large and small. In fact, last year, a nonprofit consulting firm, Community Consulting Services, Inc. estimated that traffic congestion would cost New York City businesses $8.3 billion, which is an increase of 25% from 1997 (Lentz 1)."
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Traffic Jams, 2005.
This paper discusses the cause and effect of traffic jams.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that traffic congestion, which is caused by bad governmental planning and unplanned traffic incidents, is a serious problem in major cities and causes many inconveniences to drivers. The author points out that, by rarely obeying laws such as crossing over solid white lines, using turn signals and stopping at stop signs, drivers do not trust each other; therefore, they take more time to be sure things are happening as expected, according to the law and safely. The paper relates that soliciting public opinion and ideas could help the government come up with new ways to improve traffic problems.
From the Paper
"Inadequate signs and laws include traffic signal problems, unsatisfactory speed limits, and lack of stricter land-use laws. Traffic signals are supposed to be timed so that traffic moves in the most efficient manner. Many traffic signals need to be retimed because drivers sometimes "hit" every light. New innovations also have arisen regarding traffic signals, but for some reason are only used at very few intersections. Pressure sensors are sometimes used underneath the road when intersecting with busier roads to detect when a car pulls up to the traffic signal. The signal will only turn green for that less busy road when it detects a car so that drivers on the busier road do not have to wait for cycles of the traffic signal when there is no cross traffic."
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Traffic Fatalities in Florida, 2005.
A discussion on traffic fatalities in the Miami-Dade County.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses ways of reducing traffic fatalities in the Miami-Dade County region. It cites that Miami-Dade has a higher than national average fatality rate on Florida highways, it highlights that most traffic fatalities involve pedestrians. The author also examines the impact of urban sprawl on traffic.
From the Paper
"In the past years traffic on the highways in South Florida is said to have increased by percent and traffic is expected to continue growing in the future as more and more people move to this area. Traffic volume..."
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?Traffic?, 2002.
A review of Steven Soderbergh's film ?Traffic?.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the film ?Traffic?, which tells four stories simultaneously which all relate to the central issue of drugs. They bring up such issues as why drugs are grown in poor countries like Mexico and then smuggled into richer countries like the United States, why desperate people enter the drug trade to make a living and why huge cartels have come into being to oversee the drug trade. It examines how the overall effect is to emphasize how futile the situation is, with everyone going through the motions though there is no end in sight. If one cartel is eliminated, another one appears. So as long as there are users, there will be sellers. So long as drugs are illegal, there will be an economic incentive to fill the need.
From the Paper
"Demand for drugs is elastic over time, rising and falling according to social attitudes, economic realities, and specifically the number of users. The pervasive nature of the drug problem is seen in the film as users come from all walks of life, many simply experimenting or rebelling, others turning to drugs as a means of escape from the horrors of their existence. Caroline Wakefield is a daughter of privilege, but she begins using drugs because others in her social group use them. These young people are rebelling against society or against parents they do not understand or who do not understand them. For many, experimentation is all that is involved. For some, like Catherine, using drugs taps into some psychological predisposition toward addiction, and the girl sinks further into the drug world and soon cares for nothing except her supply."
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Internet Traffic Patterns, 2008.
A discussion on web traffic patterns as they relate to emerging technologies.
2,732 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses web traffic patterns and how the existing internet infrastructure is inadequate for the sheer amount of data and file types now moving across the web and over the Internet. It looks at how new and emerging technologies such as wireless use of the Internet to transfer media files and voice over internet protocols (VoIP) are consuming ever more bandwidth and how this affects the overall quality of service (QoS) of many of the most basic aspects of Internet usage.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Internet Protocols & Data
VOIP & Similar Communication Media
Quality of Service Issues
Future Internet Trends
From the Paper
"Quality of service or QoS allows networks to provide higher levels of service in terms of quality and efficiency by improving data flows across the network. Some of the traditional strategies to improve QoS have been to merely increase the priority levels of some data over that of others (Voice, 2005). This only works so far before it results traffic degradation system wide as all traffic becomes prioritized in order to compensate. While many companies and service providers traditionally just increased bandwidth in order to correct for QoS issues, this too is just a short-term solution to the exponentially increasing internet traffic that is resulting from the mass movement of multi-media files and data streams across the internet (IP, 2003)."
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The Problem of Traffic Congestion, 2001.
A look at issues to do with traffic congestion, including determining optimum toll charges and solutions to reducing congestion in urban areas.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the problem of traffic congestion and how governments are dealing with it. Furthermore it analyses the main differences between the public and private sector in imposing tariffs and tolls, as well as how the optimum price of tolls is determined. Finally it suggests solutions that could reduce congestion in urban areas
From the Paper
"Congestion is mainly a problem as a result of shortage of road space, and luck of such facilities to satisfy the needs of passengers and travelers. In other words congestion problem deals with capacity Vs demand.Solutions that have been used until now seem not to work. Although the development in public transportation means (busses, trains, trolleys etc.) has had a tremendous growth in big cities, the problem not just remains the same but also increases other external problems such as ??accidents, noise annoyance and environmental pollution, which all together contribute to an excessive social pressure??.Why people still drive in cities? And why can?t we build more roads to cope with the problem? What differentiate congestion under the public and private sector? What?s the government role in solving the problem of congestion?"
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