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Bedouin Women: Traditions vs. Modernity, 2002.
An in-depth analysis of the woman's role in the current Bedouin society, with a focus on their role as healers.
13,100 words (approx. 52.4 pages), 41 sources, MLA, $ 248.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses issues pertinent to the Bedouin woman at a time of change with regard to her status, her abilities and skills as a healer in the Bedouin traditional society. The paper describes in detail research examining the following main questions: Are Bedouin women still engaged in traditional healing or do they prefer the modern medicine? What is the Bedouin's attitude to traditional medicine today in a period of a meaningful interaction with the Western culture? In response to this, the writer provides us with an understanding that the older Bedouin population favor their traditional methods, whereas the younger Bedouin favor the modern methods and find it easier to integrate with Western culture.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
The Bedouin in Israel
Belief and Views among the Bedouin
The Bedouins? Health in the Desert
Climate and Living
Health Conditions
Illness and Cures among the Bedouin
The Bedouin Healers
The Dervish
The Fugara (Bedouin Shaman)
The Traditional Doctor
Ways of Healing
Preventive Medicine
Curative Medicine
Burning as a Cure
Bleeding as a Cure
Herbs as a Cure
Mental Diseases
Holistic Health and the Bedouin
From Tradition to Modernization
Traditional Medicine vs. Modern Medicine
The Bedouin Women of the Negev
The Bedouin Women?s Attitude toward Traditional Medicine
The Research
Findings
Discussion
Summary
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Bedouin society has been experiencing a process of change for the last several decades, regarding issues like dwelling, occupation, women?s status, modernization - changes that refer to the traditional point of view among the Bedouins. During the last few years there has been a great change in the attitude toward Bedouin?s medicine and its use as a result of interaction with the Western world. The awareness of the Bedouins to modern medicine brought many of them, especially the young ones, to realize the limits of traditional medicine. In order to follow this new situation one must begin with the Bedouin tradition in different themes (Ben-David, 1999)."
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Non-Traditional Families in Modern Times, 2008.
A discussion of the changing image of the American family in the twenty-first century.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the transformation of the traditional American family and the impact of the non-traditional family in today's world. The paper explains that the non-traditional family is called a "blended family" and is more prevalent today than thirty years ago because divorce rates are rising and remarriages are much more common. The paper notes that significant changes are occurring in the marriage patterns in the United States, as individuals are postponing marriage until later in life and more people are choosing not to get married. The paper also points out that the area where change is most apparent centers around patterns of child-bearing. The paper then discusses the various types of non-traditional families. The paper contends that , for all types of non-traditional families, the changes will only come from shifts in cultural prejudices and this kind of change will be slow, but there are signs that some preliminary movement is beginning to take place.
From the Paper
"The image of the American family looks and functions very differently than families of the past few decades. Men and women raised in the 1960's and 1970's when programs such as "Ozzie and Harriet" and "Father Knows Best" exemplify the average family, are likely to find themselves in situations that have changed dramatically. Research claims that many family structures are common: single-parent families, remarried couples, unmarried couples, step families, foster families, multi-generational families, extended families, and the doubling up of two families within the same home. Marriage, divorce, and patterns of childbirth are some of the factors that have contributed to these significant changing families. With these changes come the possibility of remarriage and the creation of new families which bring together parents and children without blood ties."
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Modern Indians and Traditions, 2008.
A discussion of how Indians have maintained their traditions in various ways.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Indian nations have attempted to maintain oral Indian traditions in various ways. The paper explains that the value of understanding the diversity and collective of the Indian culture is paramount to understanding the way in which modern Indians have resisted losing their native cultures. The paper also looks at how the language issue is addressed in nearly every Indian education system through a bilingual or submersion technique. The paper then points out that Reservations also serve as a center for the expression of ceremonies, dances, beliefs and customs.
From the Paper
"Some Indian nations retained their oral traditions and handed down the seeds of this information to the later generations through a largely oral tradition. So, against all odds there are still Indians who understand their heritage and many modern movements have doggedly attempted to retell and transmit tradition to later generations and to others who are interested in this revival of heritage. The traditions of the past include many varied languages, beliefs, ceremonies, dances and customs. Each nation has made attempts to rekindle the expression of their cultures."
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Traditional vs. Non-traditional Students, 2007.
This paper looks at the achievement goals of traditional vs. non-traditional students.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer first presents a definition of the term non-traditional student. The writer notes that while this paper argues for the hypothesis that the non-traditional student is more inclined to have a higher achievement-motivation level than the traditional student, it should also be kept in mind that there are many studies that in fact show the contrary view. The writer points out that in one such study it was found that nontraditional students are less likely to attain their degree goal within 5 years and more likely to leave postsecondary education. However, on the other hand, the writer highlights that the literature tends towards a preponderance of evidence and studies which show that there are significant differences in these two groups of students and many of the these studies suggest that there is a strong indication that non-traditional students are more motivated and achievement orientated. The writer concludes that many of the studies referred to suggests that there is still a large amount of statistical and other research that has to be completed on this topic before any conclusive statement can be made.
From the Paper
"There are also strong indications from a variety of studies that this group of students has a higher achievement and motivational level when compared to traditional students. Motivation is generally seen as a central criterion in obtaining higher achievement levels in all students. These two factors are linked and often seen as concomitant and supporting factors in the literature on this subject. McMenamin and McDevitt have stated that traditional students scored higher on motivation to learn than did the nontraditional students."
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Traditional and Non-traditional Families, 2002.
A comparison of typical two-parent families with those families whose make-up is different.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed comparison of traditional, nuclear families with non-traditional families. The writer explores the differences and similarities between each type of family. Using a literature review and an analysis process, the writer details for the reader the things that set each type of family apart from the other. One of the main focus areas is that of single-parent families versus two-parent families.
From the Paper
"The effects of many socioeconomic factors in two parent homes as well as single parent homes are important to the education and future success of the students. It is important that all children be provided equal opportunities but there are factors even in that arena including the ability to use the Internet. Today?s technological needs are undisputed and the inability to access and practice computer use at home can have a negative impact on the student?s ability to learn and advance."
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Traditional and Non-Traditional Families, 2002.
The paper looks at the differences and similarities between single parent and two-parent families.
2,294 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes studies comparing nuclear and contemporary families and shows how they often focus on the financial aspect of each family style, especially incomes. The paper examines how the studies have also researched how the parent-child relationship affects behavior and distress, particularly in single parent households. It also discusses other comparative factors mentioned in the studies including economics, societal impact and cohesiveness, violence, and the mental state of the family.
From the Paper
"Single parent households and dual parent households can have many things in common. The families might sit down to eat together each night, and they may attend church. Some families in each style are neat and tidy while others live in constant clutter. While these are similarities there are also many differences that are important to the overall success or failure in life. Single parent households are often at a economic disadvantage and the parents are often more dependent on their children for relationship fulfillment by way of sharing family decisions than are the parents in two parent families. The single parent home can shore up the things that negatively impact its success attempts of the world provides support and assistance to those families."
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?European Expansion and the Civilization of Modernity?, 2004.
An analysis of traditional and modern societies during the European expansion, through a review of ?European Expansion and the Civilization of Modernity? written by S. N. Elsenstadt.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines modernism in Europe and the rise of socialism in non-Western societies. The paper reviews S. N. Elsenstadt's ?European Expansion and the Civilization of Modernity? and discusses Elsenstadt?s arguments regarding the changes in the European expansion in non-Western societies, from being modernist to socialist, even traditionalist, societies. The paper argues that the retardation of modernism in non-Western societies is not exactly the abrupt stoppage of the European expansion.
From the Paper
"?European expansion and the civilization of modernity? by S. N. Elsenstadt provides a through discussion and analysis of the dynamics concerning the European expansion, centering in particular on its effects in non-Western or Asian societies. Tracing the history of the European expansion from the emergence of industrialization to the development of capitalism in Western societies, the author seeks to determine what caused the seemingly contradicting development of the so-called ?expansionist? movement of modernization in Europe. That is, instead of spreading modernization and capitalism in Asian societies, what occurred was the rise of socialism, which is a new form of society that overturns the basic premises of capitalism-in effect, modernization."
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Classic Liberalism Tradition, 2002.
The ideas of thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx on the issue of classical liberal tradition.
1,104 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
Classical liberalism tradition comes from a tradition of thinkers who developed an ideology, rather than a political system. Although many say that classical liberalism stopped after the nineteenth century, libertarians argue that there is no interruption in the classical liberal tradition. This paper examines the critiques of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx on various aspects of the Classical Liberal Tradition argument.
From the Paper
"Rousseau believed that liberalism should be replaced with a social contract. According to Rousseau?s social contract, individuals may exit an anarchic system by voluntarily giving some of their personal rights to the community in exchange for security of life and property. All rights and property would be vested in the State, which would be under the direct control of the people. The social contract would be a voluntary state."
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The Changing Tradition, 2003.
An insight into the oral tradition of the Native Americans through a review of Leslie Marmon Silko's book "Ceremony".
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how traditions must change over time to remain relevant and shows how Leslie Marmon Silko illustrates the importance of oral tradition and language with Tayo?s story in her novel, "Ceremony". It examines how Native Americans believe that when people speak, they exchange spirits and the addition of human breath transforms sounds into words and gives them life. The living word then becomes a part of each individual who hears it which is why oral tradition is so important to them. It compares Auntie and Josiah and how they view tradition and people outside their race and how Silko uses Auntie to represent people who blindly follow the traditions of the past while not believing in the spirit behind them.
From the Paper
"Oral tradition includes many different forms including ?letters, anecdotes, gossip, jokes, poems, legends, family stories, crafted stories?that must be included for a person to become self-knowing, to create community and even to comprehend the evil, the witchery, which disrupts community? (Brown). Silko uses many of these forms in Ceremony. The novel, as a whole, is an example of a crafted story. The different components of the novel are also important parts of the oral tradition. Grandma ?liked to sit by her stove and gossip about the people who were talking about their family? (Silko 89). As she gossiped, she carried on that tradition. The story of Tayo is also a good example of Silko using the oral tradition, because it is an example of a family story."
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The Loyalist Myth and Tradition in Canada, 2006.
This paper compares and contrasts the development of the Loyalist myth and tradition in Upper Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and briefly sketches some of the myth's long-term influence on Canada.
1,806 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper first defines the words myth, tradition and legend. Resulting from the definitions, the writer states that the so-called myths surrounding the Loyalists should more correctly be labeled legend and tradition. The paper explains that when the Loyalist was extirpated from American soil for being un-American, the Loyalist, robbed of his identity, and forced to create a new one, insisted he was British. The writer explains the relationship between the Loyalist and Britain to be one of child to parent. The writer explains the development of the Loyalist legend, noting that the natural antipathy many Loyalists felt towards the Americans, mingled with feelings of superiority, always warred with the knowledge that America was, in fact, their true homeland. The writer posits that the delay in Canada attaining independence may also be traced to the Loyalist tradition because English Canadians always seemed nervous about cutting the ties between mother and child. The writer concludes that the Loyalist tradition, although muted, is still a force in Canadian life and that this can be seen in the fact that Canada still belongs to the British Commonwealth.
From the Paper
"A historical myth can have several definitions. A useful one is that it is "a means of self-identification, deriving its justification from an ideological reinterpretation of the historical past." Here the key word is self-identification. When he was extirpated from American soil for being un-American, the Loyalist, robbed of his identity, and forced to create a new one, insisted he was British. But since he was not British, he had to define for himself a special relationship with Britain; the only one available to him was that of child to parent. Hence so many Loyalist references to the "mother country," and so long an interval before Canada gained independence. Even today the titular head of Canada is also from the "mother country."
"Because events had made him a loser, the Loyalist desperately needed to turn his defeat into victory. He especially needed to do so in those areas-such as New Brunswick and Upper Canada-which he had founded, because no nation can be born out of defeat. He did so by emphasizing his loyalty: loyalty to Britain, to the British Constitution, and to the monarchy. In fact, loyalty came to function "as the founding and integrating myth of the new society." Loyalty, however, was never focused on Canada but always on Britain. Two manifestations of the focus, at least up to the 1960s, were a Canadian national anthem and a flag both of which were British. "
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Value of Oral Tradition, 2005.
This paper discusses the value of oral tradition, making use of Alistair MacLeod's writings.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that for Alistair MacLeod, oral tradition helps in finding identity and finding meaning in lost roots. The writer points out that in King's stories, oral tradition creates a link with the next generation and is the main way to keep the Native culture alive. The writer notes that the kind of knowledge that comes from oral tradition is precious. Once it is gone it cannot be replaced. Further, the writer claims that oral tradition is more than history because it creates bonds with the past that keeps people human.
From the Paper
"Oral tradition is simple but it is very rich because of the information it contains. Oral history is "a field as ancient and richly varied as humanity. Its living roots lie in the oral traditions of aboriginal peoples, which bear not only their histories, but also their ways of understanding the world and their place in it". Oral tradition gave more than knowledge about the world. It offered a way of living."
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The Goddess in the Hindu Tradition, 2002.
An exploration of the significance of the Goddess within the Hindu tradition.
4,192 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
A very involved and thorough examination through both primary and secondary textual sources of the figure of the Goddess within Hindu tradition. A history of Hinduism and the development of its deity plurality is outlined, with specific reference to the many and varied female deities. A more detailed history of the development of goddesses is included, outlining the symbolic and mythical purpose of the female figure to the male figure. The Shakti principle is discussed, along with specific Hindu philosophy as found in the numerous Puranas, or Hindu texts. The importance of the female aspect in life as creator is highlighted specifically in regards to the Tantric tradition. The paper's final conclusion outlines the underlying, two-fold way in which the Goddess has gained theological significance within the Hindu tradition.
From the Paper
"Goddesses have been worshipped throughout the world for thousands of years. However unlike most cultures, goddess worship persisted within the Hindu tradition and continued in to modern times using a combination of both traditional and original forms. Today goddesses exist alongside masculine deities as some of the most important figures within the Hindu pantheon. The Hindu tradition itself has not remained unchanged however. What is understood as ?Hinduism? today has been the result of a dynamic and ever-changing tradition which continues to evolve and adapt as time progresses. The nature of this spirituality is therefore such that it almost becomes impossible to identify one religion or one tradition that can be truly identified as ?Hindu.? Similarly, the concept of the goddess figure within this tradition has also changed, her theology evolving to reflect the differing stages of the Hindu tradition. As such, the significance of the goddess today does not reflect an accurate account of her historical place within this tradition. To discover the significance of the goddess today an exploration of the development of Hinduism is necessary, as well as an understanding of the transformation the goddess figure underwent from individuated identity to unified ?goddess? energy. This will thus lay the foundation for an examination of the two prime theological functions to which the goddess became attached for within the Hindu tradition."
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The Blood-Feud Tradition in Egypt, 2005.
Discusses the roots and consequences of the blood-feud tradition in Egypt.
1,824 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The Egyptian blood-feud, or vendetta, is a cultural tradition that has survived throughout the centuries, despite its modern-day criminalization. This paper shows that the vendetta was originally developed as a form of justice, but it soon developed into a disastrous tradition, which keeps animosity alive between families over the generations and which threatens the security and lives of members of a community.
From the Paper
"As Wessel reports, the blood feud tradition is responsible for one-third of all the murders that occur in Egypt per year. This figure gives us a glimpse into the truly problematic nature of this cultural tradition. Within the context of Upper Egypt, the problem does not simply rest upon the fact that the tradition acts as a complete undermining of the laws and institutions of civilized societies, or that it jeopardizes the life and welfare of entire extended families for virtually unidentifiable reasons (unidentifiable in the sense that in some case, the origins of the feud have been lost in history and are unknown), but that it is a waste of life and a significant contribution to the nation's overall crime figures."
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Language as Tradition and Experience, 2004.
Examines the concept of language as tradition and experience in discourses by Chang-Rae Lee, Dennis Baron, and Amy Tan.
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Language as a tradition and experience illustrates the holistic effect of language to individuals. In the field of social psychology, it is posited that language determines thought, and this hypothesis, called the theory of linguistic relativity, is proposed by Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir. The theory shows how language determines people?s perceptions of their social realities as experienced and related to within their society. Chang-Rae Lee ("Mute in an English-Only World"), Dennis Baron ("Don?t Make English Official-Ban it Instead"), and Amy Tan ("Mother Tongue") confront this issue in discourses on language as tradition and experience. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the authors? works and arguments about language and its function and meaning for the individual and society.
From the Paper
"Baron uses the academic approach in portraying English as a tradition, a functional system of codes that enables people to interact with each other in the society. Using this as his primary thesis, Baron argues that English should not be implemented as the country?s national language, since ?it?s hardly even English anymore.? The hybridization of English in America is the result of the assimilation of other languages of people with various nationalities who immigrate and live in America. Because of the emergence of hybrid, pseudo-American languages, it cannot be possible to determine the ?purity? of English as a language anymore. Thus, implementing English per se defeats the purpose of language for society?that is, to let people interact and understand each other. However, Baron?s argument does not conclude definitively, since as he confesses, ?there is no obvious candidate? that would be fitting to become an alternative to English. Thus, Baron?s arguments is halted and brought to a standstill, since his arguments against the language pertains only to its function as tradition, and not as an argument against English as a language experienced by its users."
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Dickinson's Place in New England Literary Tradition, 2005.
A discussion on Emily Dickinson's place in the literary tradition of the New England region.
2,479 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at why it is difficult to place the writings of Emily Dickinson in a specific literary tradition and what factors make this placement difficult. The paper considers why Dickinson was so introverted, what in her life and writing should be used to connect her to a literary tradition, and to whom should the connection be drawn.
From the Paper
"Dickinson's outright rejection of everything conventional rang with the same notes as the crescendo of feminism that was building among middle class women in the 1850s. She refused to subjugate herself to the institution of marriage, she battled pressure to join the church, and she corresponded openly with notable figures of academia. It is certain that the feminist movement would have greatly appreciated, and benefited from Dickinson's voice. Her education and natural boldness made her prime feminist material. The match, however, never grew any more potent than those conveniences. Thought she sought to achieve greatness, Dickinson's reclusive nature would have prevented her from being interested in participating in movements of that nature. In fact, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that Dickinson had no particular loyalty to her sex."
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