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The Theory of Non-Realism, 2007.
This paper applies the theory of non-realism, which is an emerging international relations theory, to the Iraq Wars.
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the theory of non-realism argues that the international structure acts as a constant constraining force on nation state behavior; therefore, nation states all act in a rational manner to protect their own self-interest, which results in a predictive model of behavior. The author points out that, according to neo-realism, the key international structural principle is anarchy, power on the international arena is decentralized and there is no overall structure to govern international politics. Thus, the international structure is decentralized with each state pursuing its own self interest. The paper relates that the central conflict over the invasion of Iraq from a neo-realism perspective did not occur in the actual landscape of Iraq but rather in in debates that took place in the United Nations.
From the Paper
"Some would argue, however, that the thirty nation joint coalition that ultimately destroyed the Iraqi army and took back Kuwait would imply that an international presence did exist to enforce a set of international rules and regulations. This would appear to contradict the position of anarchy stated within neo-realism theory. The real answer is much more complex; the formation of the United Nations meant that member nations do enjoy a certain set of privileges in terms of conflict resolution. However, no member are actually subject to act according to UN provisions, they are not a regulatory administration."
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Realism: Royal Politics at its Best or Worst?, 2005.
Realism is a very viable International Relations theory, as it is the way that the most powerful countries operate in today's society. This essay explains the theory of realism in depth.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Realism, one of the two schools most predominant in the study of international relations has a long and exhausting history. Unarguably, it has been the most dominant theory of world politics since the foundation of international relations. This could be for various reasons, but many argue because of the United States' persistent use of this theory in its governance. Many politicians and scholars have wrestled over the question of the limitations and insights (if any) of realism. However, realism remains very prominent today, one reason perhaps being that the value of realism as an analytical tool seems to become more relevant to policymakers in times of crises. This essay is dedicated to examining the history and debates surrounding the theory of realism, and concludes with the authors' personal opinion of the value of this theory. This paper examines all fields of realism, from classical, to modern, as well as neo-realism.
From the Paper
"Under the idea of maximal realism, when there are two equally powerful hegemons in place like was the case during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, there becomes an inherently unstable situation that is destined to collapse into a more stable state where one nation is more powerful and one is less powerful. Next, the theory of minimal realism holds that non-hegemonic states will ally against the hegemon in order to prevent their own interests from being subsumed by the hegemon's interests. Under the minimal-realism theory it is possible to have two equally powerful hegemons with whom a smaller entity may ally in turn depending on which hegemon better fits with the smaller entity's policies at the moment, creating a positive sum game for both sides, rather than a negative sum game like would be the case for maximal realism."
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Theories of War, 2005.
This paper defines three interrelated theories of war: Realism, security dilemma and the balance of power.
3,950 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept of realism has been one of the most important and dominating theories which has come into force especially after the World War II. At the core of the principle is the question of whether justice must be applied when carrying out international affairs. The author points out that the security dilemma theory elucidates that when a state tries to increase its own security, it eventually tends to decrease the security of others. The paper relates that, over the years, the United States of America has as its foreign policy the concept of balance of power, which is used to control any big country trying to challenge her hegemony in the Asia-Pacific regions.
From the Paper
"A realist believes that moral principles such as justice must not be forced onto theories of War and the principles involved in maintaining international relations. A realist prefers to state that the issues of power and security must be given more importance that those of morals, and that a given state must concentrate on developing its own self-interests, and that the world of international affairs is an arena in which to display their own power in a sort of anarchical regime. A realist also believes that the idea that War is in itself an anarchical thought since it involves the entire anarchical world system that relies on national self-interest, where once a war has begun, it is imperative that one must make all the necessary attempts to win the war."
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Realist Theory, 2000.
A analysis of the contribution of Hans Morgenthau to the development of Realist Theory and what makes his contribution unique.
3,137 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how one scholar, Hans Morgenthau developed the thinking of both the theory and application of Realism in international relations. The main assumptions of Realism are discussed including some elements of peace, security, war, power, structure and anarchy. Examples are drawn from contemporary experiences in international relations and compared with Morgenthau's type of Realist paradigm from his time.
From the Paper
"Morgenthau?s book, ?Politics Among Nations? first published in 1948, was one launch of attack on the Idealists. It was written at a time when there was much theoretical crises and thus, a time when there was a search for the truth and ways of seeking to understand the behaviour among states. Thus, Morgenthau?s first contribution was the separation of what was real from what were aspirations, the latter being at the heart of Idealist discourse. Morgenthau at this juncture drew on Carr in explaining the idea that Idealists focused on ?what should be?. However, Morgenthau decided that the crux of a true science should focus on ?what is?."
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Caspian Sea Oil & International Theory, 1997.
Examines realism, rationalism & regime theory, hegemony & cooperation; applies theories to analysis of national representation in Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"NATIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE AZERBAIJAN INTERNATIONAL OPERATING CONSORTIUM
Introduction
This research analyzes the national representation in the Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium (AIOC). The AIOC is one of two consortia involved in the development of the petroleum resources in the Caspian Sea region (Gorst, 1997, pp. 33-34). The other consortium is the older Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The CPC is engaged primarily in the development of a pipeline system to transport Caspian Sea petroleum to the Mediterranean area, while the AIOC is involved primarily in the extraction of the petroleum.
Competition is fierce for participation shares in the AIOC. Petroleum companies?either state-owned or private sector?from the.."
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International Relations Theory, 2003.
A discussion of various theories of international relations.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, compares and contrasts a wide variety of theories on international relations, including: Marxism, liberalism, realism and constructivism. The paper presents each theory's core assumptions and compares their similarities and differences. The paper argues in favor of realism as the guiding paradigm for the field.
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The Gulf War and Liberalism Theory, 2005.
An analysis of the Gulf War within the structure of international relations.
2,910 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, while the first Gulf War may be understood through the application of the liberalism theory, it is more deeply and correctly comprehended through the lens of the realism theory of international relations.
From the Paper
"The first Gulf War did not end with the conclusion of the fighting and the restoring of Kuwait's sovereignty. According to Abbas Alnasrawi, the Gulf War continued in the political and economic sanctions suffered by Iraq and the inspection regime that it was subjected to throughout the aftermath of the Gulf War (211) until, we can say, the present war. The United Nations Security Council, led by the United States was determined to ensure that Iraq never have the capability of attacking one of its neighbours again, taking the invasion of Kuwait very seriously. Hence, Iraq suffered an embargo which lasted, according to Alnasrawi, 11 years (205) but considering that he had written this in 2001, we can say that the embargo lasted until the American invasion of Iraq."
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Colour Theory, 2005.
An contrast between the pro-Venetian views of Dolce with Fabrini's pro-Florentine ideas, as they debate what we would today describe as colour theory.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes Dolce's article for what it tells us of conflict between Venetian and Florentine notions of art, as presented by Aretino in praising colour/depiction, and Fabrini's appeal to more thematic, bold, Florentine painting. The text offers access to a very different city state in Venice, of different history, and a culture given to aesthetic softness and realism. The paper gives reflections on the purposes of painting as indicated by both speakers.
From the Paper
"Lodovico Dolce's L'Aretino 1557 - Pietro Aretino and Giovan Francesco Fabrini. Pietro Aretino presents the pro-Venetian views of Dolce, in contrast with Fabrini's pro-Florentine ideas, as they debate what we would today describe as colour theory. For Aretino, naturalism and colouring are aspects of Venetian art, and art in general, that he believes are most noteworthy, as opposed by Giorgio Vansari, the primary influence of Fabrini's views. The pages discussed here open in Aretino's assertion that painters to include birds or horses exemplified the importance of colour. (pp. 1-3)"
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Sri Lanka's Civil War and IR Theory, 2005.
A look at different theories why the Sri Lankan civil war is not being resolved.
2,913 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The author analyzes the reason why some conflicts do not receive a response, despite an urgent need for such a response. More precisely, through the use of both liberalism and realism, the Sri Lankan conflict is analyzed, with the goal being to understand why, despite almost fifty years of obvious oppression, civil war, and apartheid by the Sri Lankan government against the Tamil, there has been no international response.
Outline
The Civil War
The Conflict from the Liberalist Perspective
The Conflict from the Realist Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Within the greater field of political science, international relations comes out as one of the more interesting areas of study. International relations is fascinating both to observe and two analyze for a number of reasons. First of all, although we often see international relations as referring only to the relationship between nations and different world governments and, hence, think of it as something which is remote from us, as individuals and citizens, it has a profound impact upon our lives. For example, the Syrian government's isolation from the non-Arab international community and the recent threats expressed by the United States regarding the consequences of refusing to withdraw from Lebanon, affect the lives of the average Syrian citizens. It affects them economically since trade and economic sanctions reduce investment and employment opportunities in the Syrian economy and affect their educational and even leisure opportunities as political sanctions make traveling all the more difficult for these citizens because they confront stricter visa requirements. The purpose of this particular example is to show that even though international relations appear remote, it is not. International relations is a part of our lives."
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Modern Political Theories, 2003.
A look at classical realism and complex interdependency theory in modern politics.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper exlores major tenets of classical realism and complex interdependency theory. It argues that classical realism does not provide adequate theories for modern politics because of the rise of nonstate actors, the decline in the importance of military force and the blurred boundary between domestic and foreign politics. Each weakness of classical realism is argued with a specific historical evidence. It also demonstrates how weaknesses of classical realism can be overcome by strength of complex interdependency theory.
From the Paper
"The traditional agenda of international affairs ? the balance among major powers, the security of nations ? no longer defines our perils or our possibilities. Now we are entering a new era. Old international patterns are crumbling; old slogans are uninstructive; old solutions are unavailing. The world has become interdependent in economics, in communications, in human aspirations. " Realist perspectives on politics have existed since Thucydides and have evolved through the work of scholars such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Rousseau. Tempered by two world wars, realism became the dominant discipline of international politics. Realism, focusing mainly on the roles of states and power in international politics, and elaborated by scholars such as Hans Morgenthau and John Herz, provides an effective frame for understanding international politics of the post world war era. However, witnessing tremendous incidents in international relations such as the Vietnam War, the oil crisis, the rise of a transnational advocacy networks, and the rapid post-war spread of multinational corporations, scholars have begun to realize that realism does not always provide adequate theory for every historical event. Consequently, they seek ?better? alternatives to realism. This search leads to two questions: in which areas is realism weak? And which alternative would be ideal for overcoming the weaknesses of realism? This essay will argue that classical realism, which is still crucial for understanding the concepts of power, national interests, and rationality, is particularly weak at accounting for changes in international politics such as the rise of nonstate actors, the decline in the importance of military force, and the blurred boundary between domestic and foreign politics. Nonetheless, the weaknesses of realism can be overcome, and it will be argued that an examination of the main tenets of both classical realism and complex interdependency theory reveals that complex interdependency theory provides a more adequate theory than does classical realism and can better account for the areas in which classical realism is weak. In order to clarify this argument, this essay will begin by describing the main tenets of classical realism and complex interdependency theory."
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Vietnam Theories, 2005.
An examination of social theories as they relate to the Vietnam War.
3,012 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the Vietnam War and its comparison to several social theories. Using the war as a measuring stick, theories are examined and held against the war to see how the war could be applied to each theory. The writer explains a short history of each theory and then examines how the war holds up using that particular theory.
Introduction
Hegemonic Stability Theory
Just War Theory
New War Theory
Pluralism
Realism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This theory is perhaps the most applicable war theory to the Viet Nam war. It was funded in part by United States tax dollars. It utilized foreign help with the help of the United States military assistance. It hurt international humanitarian aid when the stories began to surface about the horrors the troops were sometimes ordered to visit upon the opposition during the war, and it used forced population expulsion when entire villages on both sides were routinely burned and destroyed, thereby displacing the village inhabitants."
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International Relations - Realism, 2002.
Discusses the theory and lthe imititations of "Realism" as an approach to the study of international politics.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 22 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Realism is an approach to the study and practice of international politics. It emphasizes the role of the nation-state and makes a broad assumption that all nation-states are motivated by national interests, or, at best, national interests disguised as moral concerns. This paper discusses Realism and the intricacies involved in this detailed topic. Theory development is also addressed as well as the critical limitations of Realism.
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Realism vs. Liberalism, 2005.
An overview of realism in relation to liberalism.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores Realism in terms of both its classic assumptions and its contemporary revisions in the context of other theories of international relations and in particular that of Liberalism. It is argued that while there are challenges to Realism as the dominant theory of international relations, the flaws in Realism revealed by some of these challenges do not require the overall rejection of Realism and its assumptions. Rather, as is shown in this paper, no single theory can explain every situation in the international political environment.
From the Paper
"The development and analysis of theories of international relations are necessarily complicated by the social and political context in which they are developed. Although international political theory is, of course, an intellectually autonomous field of study, historically the discussion of international relations "theories are largely shaped by what happens in the sphere of practical world politics" (Haque 135). For example, while the dominant theory of international relations during the Cold War - Realism - fell into abeyance in the 1990s with the end of the Cold War, after the events of September 11, 2001 variations on Realism reasserted their predominance in the field of international political theory."
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The End Of The Cold War: Realism, Marxism And Domestic Politics, 2002.
This paper discusses the end of the Cold War, and draws on two analytical perspectives: globalization and domestic politics, or the theory of pluralism.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The theories of each paradigm are primarily discussed in relation to the United States. The conclusion of the Cold War is also viewed in this part of the analysis. The study begins by discussing the theories of globalization and domestic politics, followed by a discussion of how each affected the end of the Cold War.
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Theories of Contemporary Film, 2008.
Examines two distinct views regarding cinema and realism in terms of the industrial mass production of contemporary film.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the theories of Andre Bazin and Theodore Adorno about the human condition in modern film. The author contends that, while it is undeniable that film is created in the context of a cultural industry as Adorno suggests, Bazin's insights regarding the origins of its psychological power over the mass audience are critical to the appreciation of how film can function as a vehicle of both commercial and popular interests. The paper shows how the theoretical perspectives of both Bazin and Adorno are flawed in not considering the complex relationship between cinema and "realism" in terms of style, aesthetics and the role of the author.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Divergent Views on Cinema, Its History and Functions
The Human Factor - Cinema and Realism
From the Paper
"This argument is flawed in two respects: first, it ignores the fact that Welles was an "outsider" of the Hollywood system from the earliest days of his career, and far from being "forgiven" he was persecuted by the industry and its major business backers such as Randolph Hearst; and second, the problem of the "auteur" is not isolated to Welles or even a handful of cinematic innovators. Indeed, the history of cinema - even Hollywood cinema in the era of the major studios - is one of extraordinary creativity, innovation and dynamism."
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