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Ted Hughes and the Animal Kingdom of Muses, 2006.
An analysis of the poetry of British poet, Ted Hughes.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the symbolic use of animals in Ted Hughes' poetry and how the poet made use of animal images and metaphor. The paper also explains that Hughes saw animals not merely as representative of human feelings and human states, but as creatures in and of themselves, who are difficult to understand yet who have much to teach, by example, to their human counterparts.
From the Paper
"The fox's progress in the poem "The Thought Fox," s paralleled to the act of writing, for the fox leaves tracks upon the snow, like the poet leaves letters and words upon a typed page, but the fox is only "coming about its own business," not the business of the authors. (21) Finally, "The window is starless still; the clock ticks, /The page is printed," but the fox itself of reality, escapes, only the poem becomes fixed upon the page. The printed page finally reads only "The Thought Fox," the actual fox elusively steals away and cannot be captured by the author's pen or even the author's complete imagination. And even, like an elusive fox, to extrapolate Hughes' earlier quote-the poet has no control over the foxy interpretations of his or her readers. "
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Ted Hughes and Samuel Beckett, 2006.
A review of the work of Samuel Beckett and Ted Hughes.
1,677 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Samuel Beckett's "Endgame" and Ted Hughes' "Crow". According to the paper, after World War II, authors were faced with the difficulty of creating written works of meaning in a world that seemed so cruel that any attempt at making meaning or moral sense of human behavior seemed futile. This paper discusses Beckett's and Hughes' attempts at making, and failing to make, a new mythology in a world vacant of belief.
From the Paper
"No one could describe Beckett's characters as attractive, and this deliberate impulse towards ugliness is also seen in Ted Hughes creation of the mythological, ugly character in the form of "Crow." A crow, the traditional trickster character of mythology, is a harsh-voiced bird, and Hughes himself said he selected this solitary feeder upon the bones of the dead as his protagonist quite deliberately--just as Beckett's characters feed upon the bones of a cultural system of meaning and a personal past that now has no shape or structure--"it's like the funny story we have heard too often, we still find it funny, but we don't laugh any more," says Nell of the "Endgame" dialogue--the animal Crow feeds upon what is left behind, feeding upon the dead in a world that is based upon death. The crow is a "nightmare" creation, a defiant voice in the wilderness against God. (Sagar, 1975) "
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Ted Hughes?s ?Crow? Poems, 2004.
This paper discusses that Ted Hughes?s "Crow" poems, commencing in the 1960s, use the crow as a metaphor for humanity
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that poets and prophets have traditionally used animal figures to convey criticism of the existing culture, endowing the natural with metaphoric importance. The author points out that Hughes slowly shapes the crow into a sort of prototype for evolved humanity, representing both our worst and best traits. This paper discusses that Hughes?s poems use the crow as a metaphor for humanity. The paper relates that Hughes?s work appears to be that of a human being experiencing the life of a raven-bird; a fallen creature, a trickster, and a graveyard for the bodies of those he eats.
From the Paper
"It is in this poem in particular that one understands how the Crow might be seen as the shadow-self of human kind. He destroys everything around him in an attempt to destroy the ?Black Beast? that the reader at least is becoming aware is the Crow himself. It is quite possible that humanity is the only species, which is its own worst enemy and predator. The greatest threats to humankind come from our own people, as the World Wars would have blatantly shown to Hughes. Repeatedly in the Crow poems, the bird looks at itself and its works in horror and sorrow. One can take examples from ?The Black Beast? in which Crow hunts himself unknowingly in hunting the enemy, or from ?Crow?s Nerve Fails? in which he fully realizes the weight of murders that hang about his shoulders. Yet these are not the only examples."
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Poet Langston Hughes, 2004.
This paper discusses Langston Hughes, often referred to as the Poet Laureate or Shakespeare of the Negro race.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Langston Hughes was one of the chief artists responsible for the development of African-American literature, known as the Harlem Renaissance, which saw the increase of self-identity issues of the black or Negro culture in the United States. The author points out that one of Langston Hughes's most anthologized poems, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," published in 1921, which brought Hughes to public attention, was an attempt to describe the search for identity and the depth of American Negro heritage. The paper relates that the art of Langston Hughes is never far from social issues and politics; some have criticized him, stating that he sacrificed art for politics, but others state that he had an innovative effect in that he made us rethink the historical relationships between poetics and politics.
From the Paper
"In this sense, the Harlem Renaissance was an extension of the movement towards freedom of expression in Negro art, thinking and writing. This renaissance or search for new meaning in the face of old restrictions was also reflected in other artistic and cultural events throughout the world. The sense of rebellion against restrictions and prejudice was expressed though the free and unencumbered patterns of jazz. "The Negro fad of the twenties encompassed a new EuroAmerican interest in jazz, African art, and sculpture and a return to the values of a preindustrial society." Hughes was to use this aspect to great advantage in his work."
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Poet Langston Hughes.
This paper discusses themes of African-American culture, history, and self in the poetry of Langston Hughes.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the important issues and themes found in Hughes's poetry, specifically the poems, "Harlem," "Dream Variations," and "The Negro Speaks of Rivers". The three poems create a triad of important factors related to black American society. The author points out that, by using symbolism and imagery in the poems, Langston Hughes expresses his denouncement of racial discrimination, while at the same time achieving consistency in putting the factors of culture, history, and the self amid this major issue. The paper relates that Hughes is one of the icons of the cultural movement of the 20th century known as the Harlem Renaissance because he encouraged fellow black American writers to pursue their goal of achieving an equal status in modern American society and because his poetry became an important catalyst for the intellectual and cultural progress that began during this period.
From the Paper
"The first poem, "Harlem," is chosen because this is one of Hughes' earliest literary works; also, it provides the proper context in which the succeeding poems will be discussed. These poems are created while the Harlem Renaissance movement is flourishing in black American communities. Thus, interpretation in "Harlem" is based on a cultural context, using the propaganda for awareness of the black American culture as its emergent theme. "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," meanwhile, is discussed second to "Harlem" because the former is directly linked to the latter: while "Harlem" centers on the culture of black Americans, "The Negro" focuses on the historical context in which the culture of enslavement and suppression was created and propagated. Lastly, "Dream Variations" is the last poem discussed in the paper because it provides an altogether new angle to Hughes' poetry."
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Poet James Langston Hughes, 2004.
This paper discusses the impact, purpose, and design of seven poems by the African-American poet, Langston Hughes.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most apparent element of Hughes's work is his use of particular diction to create vivid imagery; for example, in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," Hughes attempts to balance his own soul, or perhaps the soul of the black peoples, with some of the longest and deepest rivers in the world. This paper points out Hughes's use of symbolism to convey meaning within a work and to symbolize how society functioned at that time, as in the poem, "Democracy". This paper concludes that Hughes was the first to step up from among the ranks of the black people and present such strong and unashamed words; thereby, Hughes helped to reshape attitudes toward African-Americans, while also giving his own people a new hope for tomorrow.
From the Paper
"The works of James Langston Hughes belong among the richest and most significant pieces ever written by American authors. To distinguish this certainty, Hughes was also an African-American. His poetic works analyzed herein speak largely of the lifestyles in which the African American people lived during the late 19th and early to mid-20th centuries. Hughes, born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902, was intended by his father to attend Columbia University studying engineering. After dropping the program in 1921 with a B+ average, Hughes did not again attend college until he received his B.A. in 1929 from Lincoln University. Between these times many of his great works were written and published. These include "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" (1921), an essay entitled "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain", and "The Weary Blues" (1926)."
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The Poetry and Life of Langston Hughes, 2002.
An in-depth look at the work and life of the famous black poet Langston Hughes.
2,505 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the work of poet, Langston Hughes. The author emphasizes this poet's contribution to the world of poetry and literature and looks at how his writings impacted black society and helped voice the concerns of the American black community.
From the Paper
"Langston Hughes has been called the Poet Laureate of the African American people. He was a prolific writer rising to a fame achieved by few other poets. He wrote expressive essays, poetry, short stories, and novels. Through his writing Langston voiced the needs and concerns of the black people that otherwise would have gone unheard. Langston was also involved in the Harlem renaissance through his inspirational writing inspired itself by the people of Harlem. Langston served as an inspiration for writers, composers, playwrights and all others in Harlem. "With his rich poetic voice, nurturing generosity, warm humor, and abiding love of black people, Langston Hughes was one of the dominant voices in American literature of this century and perhaps the single most influential black poet. (Heath, 1-2)"
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Langston Hughes, 2004.
An analysis of the significance of African-American writer and poet, Langston Hughes.
2,102 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Langston Hughes is perhaps one of the most significant African-American writers of his time because his poetry and prose spoke to a wide audience. It explains that another aspect of Hughes?s popularity was his ability to focus on black music, such as jazz and the blues; his racial protest; and poems of that affirmed the African-American experience. It shows how, through these three core ideas, Hughes is able to successfully relate the positive and negative aspects of his experience. Hughes employs the techniques of humor, imagery, and rhythm to emphasize his points, and, as a result, proves himself to be a master at identifying with his African-American heritage.
From the Paper
"Paul Lauter states that Langston Hughes was a ?bright young star of the Negro Renaissance? (Lauter 1487). In Lauter?s opinion, Hughes? greatest discovery was Harlem. This experience allowed him to become enmeshed in the ?language, music, and feeling of the common people of Harlem. Proud of his folk heritage, Hughes made the spirituals, blues, and jazz the bases of the poetic expression. Because he was a victim of segregation and prejudice, he was ?steadfast in his devotion to human rights? (1487). As a result of his experiences, Hughes versatility allowed him to write meaningful poetry, fiction, and essays."
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Langston Hughes, 2002.
A review of the work of the black poet Langston Hughes.
919 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the works of Langston Hughes, a major poet of the Negro Renaissance. It looks at how he copes with the reality of race in his works and with the social tensions that beset the black community. It shows how his poetry addresses issues of racial inequality and the personal need for confession, using his own life as an example. It discusses how his poetry derives from a different tradition from most American poetry, a tradition of black culture, of jazz and of protest.
From the Paper
"Hughes came from what was called the Harlem Renaissance, the term used to refer to the development of artistic expression in the black community beginning in Harlem in New York. Hughes created poetry that represented the spirit of black America at the time. He used his own experience and that of other blacks to accomplish this. He did not concentrate entirely on blacks in America but looked to their African roots for inspiration as well. Jemie writes that Hughes had an image of Africa that was related to his image of America. In his early poems, Africa was a "distant ideal," while America is "a cold, joyless wilderness" (Jemie 98). "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," says Jemie, is one of Hughes' poems about heritage and strength."
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Langston Hughes, 2006.
A review of the life and achievements of poet, Langston Hughes.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of Langston Hughes and his literary works. Hughes has been said to have written in a
voice that was definitively African-American and defiantly pro-Black. Yet he spoke to all people--about about freedom, about dignity, about Black mothers and fathers, about Black American life and loves and dreams.
From the Paper
"As time when by, Hughes approach to the problem of race mellowed; his beliefs did not. He simply found a more palatable way to express them. IN the preface to "Simple States a Claim," written in 1957, Hughes noted that while the race problem in the U.S. was "serious business, "humor is a weapon, too, of no mean value against one's foes". By 1961, Hughes had even accepted the possibility that traditional Black music could be used at the same time for entertainment and education. That year, theatrical producer Gary Kramer asked Hughes to write a script based on a collection of Christmas tunes recorded by the gospel group, Stars of Faith. The result, "Black Nativity," opened off-Broadway in 1961 and "played to packed houses--first in American and then throughout Europe--for the next four years."
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The Poetry of Langston Hughes, 2006.
This paper discusses the writing style of poet Langston Hughes and analyzes two of his works, "One More 'S' in the USA" and "Good Morning Revolution".
717 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The author examines how Hughes' works reflected African-American experiences and culture, but that his personal life and political beliefs seemed to limit his writings. The writer also discusses two poems, "One More 'S' in the USA" and "Good Morning Revolution", attempting to show how Hughes felt about social and political injustices and his sympathies with the working class.
From the Paper
"Hughes has earned a place amongst the greatest poets America has ever produced, but his politics and an inaccurate reputation for being a Communist place a limit on the amount of his works that are included in many anthologies."
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Langston Hughes' "Mother to Son", 2002.
This paper analyzes the content of the poem "Mother to Son" by the poet Langston Hughes.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the text of this poem from a African-American perspective. The analysis uses poetic devices and the background of the literary environment. Line by line analysis is provided to show how the poem uses the everyday ordinary dialect of blacks, and gives insight into the poverty and discrimination that blacks faced during the 1920's.
From the Paper
"Between 1919 and 1926 there was a major population shift of African-Americans to the cities of New York, Chicago, and Washington, D.C (America Online). In 1921, Langston Hughes was one such African American who had traveled to New York to attend Columbia University. This population shift resulted in an obvious display of creativity among the African-American race. The creativity broadened the scope of African American influence on the American society, culture and primarily literature. The influence was so enormous and collective that it took form of a movement, which began in about 1920 and lasted until about 1930. This period was first known as the ?New Negro Movement,? but it later became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance represented the African American intellect and the consequent intellectuals who celebrated their heritage and background with immense pride and gusto. It was during this movement and into this heady climate that the poem ?Mother to Son? was introduced. The politico-literary climate was charged and just ripe and the need for African American contribution was being recognized. One of the critics voiced the urgent need when he cried, ?what American literature decidedly needs at the moment is color, music, gust?If the Negroes are not in a position to contribute these items, I do not know what Americans are.? "
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Langston Hughes' Poetry, 1972.
This paper discusses the poetry of African-American poet Langston Hughes including Sandburg's influence, folk dialect, naturalism and black experiences.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Langston Hughes' poetry is meaningful to today's children. He speaks of the basic elements and emotions in life - love, hate, aspirations, despair; he writes in the language of today, and speaks of tomorrow.".
So says Lee Bennett Hopkins, editor of a volume of Hughes poetry. It is a near perfect summation of the pure simplicity of style and meaning which combine to give power to Hughes' work. Above anything else, Hughes' poetry and prose are dependent on his abstinence from a strained sort of symbolism. This would only detract from his intentions. When Hughes speaks of life, he reduces it to its most basic components. These components, as Hopkins noted, are clear to any reader. They rely on elements which are so common in human experience that they know no racial bars."
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The Works of Langston Hughes, 2007.
An analysis of the life and works of Langston Hughes and their contribution to the Harlem Renaissance.
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and works of African-American writer, Langston Hughes. It particularly considers how Hughes was linked to the period of time known as the Harlem Renaissance and how he affected this time period. The paper also looks at the early life of Hughes and discusses how the life and writings of Langston Hughes continues to inspire African-Americans to this day.
Table of Contents:
The Early Life of Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes and Harlem
Life and Career of Langston Hughes
The Works of Langston Hughes
From the Paper
"While the early life of Langston Hughes, and the Harlem Renaissance have been discussed, it is important to study what his life was like as he strived to eventually make Harlem his home. Early in life Hughes had decided to make writing as his career. At only eighteen years old, Hughes decided that he would make his living as a writer, but only had Hughes decided to be a writer, he had also decided to focus most of his writings to be about African Americans. "From his decision around 1920, at the age of 18, to try to live by his writings, he devoted himself to a career that would take as its center the world of African Americans" (Rampersad 22). Hughes believed African Americans were equal to whites and he believed in valuing humanity regardless of the person's skin color or race. "He moved easily between this profound sense of racial pride and love - unrivaled in its intensity by that of any other major writer - a cosmopolitanism that made him at home all around the world" (Rampersad 22). Even at a young age, people began to value his works."
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Whitman and Hughes, 2002.
A comparison between the works of poets Walt Whitman and Langston Hughes.
608 words (approx. 2.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 21.95
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Abstract
At first glance, Walt Whitman and Langston Hughes could not be more dissimilar. Hughes, a black writer of the 20th century, spoke out for black values and rights. Whitman, a white nature-lover, wrote of nature, sentiment, and emotion long before it was considered fashionable. The paper shows, however, that the two men clearly both had a love of language and words and wrote about things they passionately believed in, whether the beauty of nature, or the rights of every man. The paper also relates the fact that both are considered poets of their generation.
From the Paper
"That is not to say that all of Whitman's work was sunny and uplifting, and Hughes was dark and thought provoking. Both poets wrote eloquently of their thoughts, but also of the world around them. The difference was their experiences. Whitman wrote of nature, love, and the intellectual thought of the United States in transition after the Civil War. Hughes wrote of the black experience in the United States before and during the fight for Civil Rights. While their outlooks could not possibly have been the same, they wrote of their ideals and their hopes, giving them common ground."
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