| Papers [1-15] of 15 | Search results on "SYRIAN HISTORY": |
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Syrian History, 2005.
An examination of Syrian history and culture presented in a fictitious speech by a Syrian ambassador to the United Nations.
3,854 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper is in the form of a speech by Osmane Arslanian, Ambassador of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations Organization. It provides a general overview of Syrian history, the current state of Syrian affairs, as well as a biography and summary of current Syrian leadership.
From the Paper
"Syria first referred to the land of Aram East of the Mediterranean Sea between Egypt and Arabia to the south and Cilicia to the north, crossing inland, including Mesopotamia (Wikipedia 2004) and from west to east Commagene, Sophene and Adiabene, or what was known as Assyria. This was the larger Syria, which consisted of smaller regions, such as Palestine in the southwest, Phoenicia along the coast, Coele-Syria north of the Eleutheris River, and Mesopotamia. Palestine, later known as Israel, is now composed of the states of Israel and Jordan."
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The Syrian Influence, 2005.
A discussion on the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, focusing on whether or not the Syrian influence was positive or negative.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the Syrian influence on Lebanon after occupation was positive in nature because it involved two countries that had been bonded throughout history. It also looks at how it was further positive because of the national sacrifices that Syria made for Lebanon throughout the period of war.
From the Paper
"The Syrian influence in Lebanon spanned throughout history, with both countries sharing borders in the Arab world. The ties between the two countries are well documented by researchers, and demonstrate that Syria and Lebanon will always be connected through their past, the Arab nations, and through the people who risked their lives to defend Lebanon. In the past thirty years there has been much suggested regarding Syria's influence in Lebanon. There are those that contend that Syria may well have been the cause of civil wars that lasted as long as they did. Yet, there are also those who believe that Syria had such a profound, positive affect on the lives of Syrians that all of the battles undertaken were waged with a sense of protecting Lebanon, and in ensuring that the Arab nation was free from forced change. "
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Syrian Foreign Policy, 1992.
Discusses geographic and strategic aspects, conflicts with its Arab neighbors and Israel, military issues and the Lebanese problem.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"THE STRATEGIC AND MILITARY ASPECTS OF SYRIA'S FOREIGN POLICY
This research examines the strategic and military aspects of Syria's foreign policy. Syria is located in the hotbed of Middle Eastern politics. The country's foreign policy is dominated by Middle East concerns-primarily the Arab-Israeli dispute, although Syria was an Allied Forces participant in the Gulf War action against Iraq.
Issues Related to Strategic Location, and Their Effects on Syrian Foreign Policy
Syria is bounded on the north and northwest by Turkey (Paxton, 1991, p. 1175). Conflicts frequently arise between Syria and Turkey over minor border problems, the apportionment of river water flow, smuggling, and charges of internal subversion (Collelo, 1990, p. 253). Historically, Syrian ..."
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Rameses II and the Hittites, 2004.
An examination of the Battle of Kadesh, a major battle that took place in the ancient Egyptian era, and its significance.
4,587 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
The Battle of Kadesh, undoubtedly one of the most important military campaigns in world history, was generally fought between Rameses II and the Hittites, then under the rule of Muwatallish, and other interested parties. It was primarily focused on the control of Syrian territory. In order to fully understand this great conflict, this paper examines the events that led up to this battle, due to the fact that it took hundreds of years for this event to become part of Egyptian history.
From the Paper
"During the years of the 19th dynasty in ancient Egypt, Rameses II, the son of Seti I, ascended the throne and reigned for sixty-seven years, the longest period of Pharaonic rule in the ancient kingdom bound by the great River Nile. As was typical of this and other reigns, the threat of foreign invasion was always of great concern, for the enemies of the state believed that it was their duty to test the strength and domination of any new Pharaoh; it was also the duty of this Pharaoh to demonstrate his superiority through a display of his strength, usually in war, in order to maintain the peace. Thus, in his fifth year as Pharaoh, Rameses II waged a series of campaigns against his enemies the Hittites and all those who supported them. The Hittites, however, proved to be a very powerful enemy, and Rameses II, by no means a weak and inefficient ruler, was determined to subdue his foes in the north. His military campaign against the Hittites lasted for twenty years, but in the end, Rameses II prevailed and proved his worth to not only his own people but to those who sought to destroy him and the Egyptian empire."
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Syria and Turkey Today, 2003.
An in-depth, historical survey of the troubles in Syrian-Turkish relations.
30,000 words (approx. 120.0 pages), 51 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
Syria and Turkey are connected by a long history of mutual antagonisms and irreconcilable conceptions of the political and regional role of the other. To this day, there is often resentment for what Syria and other Arab countries consider to be ?Ottoman high-handedness? over Turkey?s reported efforts to exert regional ambitions. Divided by ethnic, ideological, and political lines, a common ground for agreement building has been difficult to establish. This paper surveys the key areas of friction between the two countries and tracks the nature of Syria?s relationship with Turkey from the period when both countries emerged as independent modern nations in the early to mid 20th century to recent times. Many of the problems affecting the relationship between the two states today are rooted in the past. The paper examines the origins and history of this conflict, explores how seemingly diverse issues are actually interconnected, and observes how past attempts toward conflict resolution may assist in any similar attempts at reconciliation in the future.
From the Paper
"Syria?s relationship with Turkey has been very temperamental, passing through a number of tense periods that nearly resulted in full-scale war between the two. When the Ottoman Empire fell, the French and British were competing for control of the Levant. Turkey under the leadership of Attaturk was able to salvage enough of the Ottoman institutions and emerge as a fairly strong regional power. Syria?s struggle to gain independence was more difficult and the French were not so inclined to give up control. In 1939, with the rise of Nazi Germany, the French Mandatory authorities sought to induce Ankara into a neutral position toward the pending European conflict by ceding the province of Alexandretta to Turkey. Alexandretta, known as Hatay to the Turkish, was part of the Syrian province (sanjak) under the Ottomans. Syrian political elites see the province of Alexendretta as demographically and historically part of their country. The Syrians have never accepted Turkish sovereignty over this territory and the issue of Alexandretta remains a sticking point between Syria and Turkey. Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been stationed in Lebanon, reportedly in a peacekeeping capacity. In recent years, Syria and Israel have occasionally conducted peace talks over the return of the Golan Heights."
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French Culture, 2002.
Examines the issues which constitute French culture and how it differs from Syrian culture.
3,129 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
To understand how the French are different from other people, one must understand their relationship to their past and their artistic and cultural legacy. This paper looks at how French culture is constituted and some of the key aspects of French culture and ways of behaving. The paper shows how French culture differs from the author's own, one who was raised in Syria amid Arabic standards of behavior, belief and culture.
From the Paper
"It should of course be noted for those who might not remember their history that France was once an overlord in Syria, and so has perhaps left something of a heritage in the sense of an appreciation for French culture and the importance of French intellectual contributions. The Arabs, in alliance with the British and French, fought the Turks for the rest of World War I and participated in the capture of Damascus in 1918. In 1919 British forces withdrew from the area assigned to France, leaving French troops in control. The following year France, with the understanding that Syria and Lebanon were to become independent within a reasonably short time, was granted a mandate over them by the League of Nations."
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Antiochus III, 2001.
How the conflict with Rome led to the downfall of Antiochus III.
2,129 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Research paper focusing on the Syrian leader Antiochus III who was the Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 to 187 BC. This paper examines his conflict with Rome, which brought his downfall and the demise of the Hellenistic Syrian empire.
From the Paper
"Antiochus III was the son of Seleucus II and younger brother of Seleucus III, whom he succeeded. He was known as a soldier who possessed great ability. (?Antiochus III: Jerusalem Through Coins?) When Antiochus III took the throne, the Seleucid Empire was in decline. Although Antiochus did not succeed in totally restoring the greatness of the Seleucid dynasty, he did much to revive its glory during his reign."
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The Present Lebanese Crisis, 2005.
This paper discusses negatively the role of the U.S. in the present Lebanese political crisis.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the clear-cut agenda of the United States in Lebanon is to have a Lebanese government, which is pro-U.S. rather than pro-Syria; therefore, it wants the Syrian forces to withdraw immediately from the country. The author points out that the neo-cons in Washington are known to have deep links with the Israelis (particularly the Likud Party) and are committed to furthering their aims. The paper concludes that the U.S. has completely disregarded Syria's vehement denials of its involvement and, rather surprisingly , ignored the suggestion that Al-Qaeda may be behind the killings because of Hariri's well-known ties to the Saudi monarchy.
Table of Contents
Background
Creation of Lebanon
Changing Demographics
The Civil War (1975-1990)
The Current Crisis
What is the Real US Policy in Lebanon?
Pro-US Government in Lebanon
Israeli Wish-List for Lebanon
The Neo-con Agenda
Does Syria Gain from the Hariri Assassination?
The US Accusation against Syria: A Political Ploy?
Double Standards
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The current escalating political crisis in Lebanon was precipitated by the crude Syrian maneuver last year to pressurise the Lebanese Parliament into amending the Lebanese constitution in order to extend the term of the pro-Syrian President Emile Lahoud. The move was widely condemned internationally, in particular by the United States. The moral outrage shown by the United States, however, was more than a little ironic, given the fact that it had attempted an equally dubious move in 1958 to extend the term of the pro-American president Camille Chamoun."
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Syria, 2003.
A discussion on Syria's interventions in Lebanon.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the reasons behind Syria's interventions in Lebanon since 1976, its justifications therefore and the consequences of the Syrian presence there. It expands on Syria's interventions in Lebanon's civil wars and the subsequent role played by Syria. The paper offers background of the intervention.
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"Sinuhe the Egyptian", 2007.
This paper examines the story of "Sinuhe the Egyptian", as a work of ancient Egyptian literature.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer maintains that to read "Sinuhe the Egyptian" as solely a piece of political propaganda would significantly underestimate the narrative qualities of the tale and the maturity of ancient Egyptian literature. The writer notes that Miroslav Barta, an Egyptologist, claims that the text serves primarily as political propaganda, idealizing Egyptian society and especially its monarchy. The writer maintains that the lengthy poetic interlude at the point in the story at which Sinuhe meets the Syrian King for the first time does suggest an idealistic attitude toward the Egyptian theocracy. However, the writer notes that other scholars point out that Sinuhe demonstrates literary prowess; its ending comes as a surprise but only when read within a modern framework and corresponding biases. The writer concludes that rather than being propaganda, "Sinuhe the Egyptian" is more clearly an epic literary journey.
From the Paper
"In the first case, Sinuhe naturally waxes poetic about the ruler from whom he fled; he never once suggests that he doubts the divinity of the pharaoh's office. His fear of civil strife stems not from a disregard for the court but from personal cowardice (Lorton). Furthermore, he praises the new king so as to not appear weak and pitiable in the eyes of the Syrian King who discovered him. His positive attitude engenders favor, causing the Syrian King to trust him immediately and give him his daughter's hand in marriage as well as scores of wealth and land. If the Syrian King suspected that Sinuhe were a disloyal subject it is unlikely he would have offered such kind service."
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Concert Diplomacy Throughout the Eastern Question, 2001.
3,565 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the Concert of Europe in dealing with the Eastern Question. Throughout the Eastern Question, which regards the fate of the Ottoman Empire, Concert diplomacy was used to solve the various crises that arose. The paper describes and analyzes three of these crises, the Syrian Crisis, the Crimean War, and the Balkan Wars.
From the Paper
"With the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815, a system of diplomacy, known as the Concert of Europe, was established between the great powers of the time. This union held underlying norms and regulations that directed the Powers foreign policy for the decades that followed. Although initially developed to deal with European matters, the Concert was faced with dilemmas and crises concerning the interests of the great powers outside of Europe as well. This was particularly true with regards to the ?Eastern Question? which was becoming more and more of a heightened issue as the nineteenth century progressed. As J.A.R. Marriott wrote: ?European statesmen have persistently sought to ?isolate? the politics of the Near East. They have almost consistently failed? (1963: 10). The issues concerning the Ottoman Empire quickly became relevant international issues that stood before the Concert of Europe. The treatment of these issues by the great powers reflects both the strengths and the weaknesses of the European Concert system. The various crises concerning the fate of the Ottoman Empire will be analyzed in order to show the effectiveness of the Concert system to deal with the Eastern Question up to the Crimean War, and its gradual decline and weaknesses until it?s disintegration in World War I."
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Israel, Syria and the Golan Heights, 2005.
A negotiation analysis of the dispute over the Golan Heights between the two Middle Eastern countries, Israel and Syria.
10,600 words (approx. 42.4 pages), 38 sources, APA, $ 211.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of the Golan Heights and traces the path that the two countries followed to arrive at their current position of negotiation, stalled as they are. In the process of this examination, the paper identifies what circumstances are needed to change in order for fruitful negotiations to take place. The paper explains that by examining what paths have been followed that lead to the failure to work out an agreement for the Golan Heights is remarkably revealing, both in demonstrating a pattern of behavior between the two nations and in assessing the viability of a negotiation that provides both nations with a comprise upon which they could agree. The paper includes tables and a map.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement and Goal
Relevance and Significance
Barriers and Issues
Limitations
Research Questions
Historical Overview
The Golan Heights Overview
Existence of the Years
Summary
Driving Forces
Strategic
Water Factor
Syrian Economy
Israeli Economy
Economic Summary
Political Forces
National Pride
Global Forces
Destruction of Israel
Summary
Negotiating Tactics and Outcomes
Negotiating about Negotiation Terms
Inflated Opening Position
The "Limited Authority" Gambit
Assessment of Negotiations
References
From the Paper
"Syria demands the return of land that it claims belongs to the country. In the eyes of the Syrian people, the land is Arab land at the very least and Syria has the most reasonable claim to it since it possessed the land prior to the Israeli occupation. Unable to reclaim the land due to a feeble military and fractured economy, Syria has taken more sinister steps to pressure the Israelis into negotiating. Primarily the Syrians have launched terrorist attacks through the use of Hezzbolah which have killed and injured thousands of Israelis. Through the actions taken by the terrorists, the Golan Heights have been brought to the negotiating table where Syria can have its demands heard."
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Influence of War on Middle Eastern Society, 2000.
This paper discusses the domestic effects of war on three countries, Israel, Syria and Egypt.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper contrasts and compares the effects of three different wars, on three different countries in the Middle East. The reasons for Egypt, Israel and Syria's decisions to go to war at different times in the last century are discussed, and then analysed to show how this decision affected the political and economic futures of the individual countries, and the region as a whole.
From the paper:
"The Yom Kippur War thus fundamentally changed Syrian society, militarizing its government, just as the Six-Day War divided and energized Israel and World War II wove the foundations of socialism into Egypt. That these changes depended upon the presence of war is not a definitive fact, but their essential contribution to the development of these nations cannot be ignored. This conclusion raises a troubling question, a sad and desperate query tinged with hope: must all change in the Middle East spring from the dark bosom of horrific war?"
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Hafiz Al-Asad, 2003.
A detailed analysis of the political, military and psychological means by which Hafiz al-Asad retained power in Syria for thirty years until his death in 2000.
3,146 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the political, military and psychological means by which Hafiz al-Asad retained power in Syria for thirty years until his death in 2000. With particular emphasis on the use of coercion, the paper gives an in-depth view of the internal politics of Syria, Asad's mechanisms of state control and coercion and the role of international relations on domestic Syrian affairs.
From the Paper
"Syria was a country that had undergone tremendous political turbulence in the years preceding Asad?s ascent to power in November 1970. The last three decades of the twentieth century saw constant upheaval throughout the Middle East and President Asad faced repeated challenges both internally and externally. Asad?s success in simply remaining in power is, therefore, worthy of analysis and, as with his counterpart in Iraq, Saddam Hussein, much has been made of the regime?s use of coercion in order to maintain its position. Coercion, that is government by force, undoubtedly played a crucial role in shoring up Asad?s powerful position within Syria and he was not afraid to use all military means at his disposal to swiftly quash any opponents of the regime. It would be a gross over-simplification, however, to assume that this was the sole means by which Asad?s remarkably long-lived presidency ensured its own survival. It is, perhaps, more helpful to view the use of coercion by the regime as the last line of defence of a shrewd leader who, although ultimately reliant on the military to ensure the control of his nation, nonetheless employed a varied and effective strategy to maintain both Syria?s position internationally and his position within Syria."
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The Circassian People, 2002.
A brief history of this distinct ethnic group in Israel.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history and culture of the Circassian people, who are from the Syrian area. It discusses their ways of dress, their religious and prayer habits and their ethnic background.
From the Paper
"The princes organized the overall wealth and external relations of the villages. The freemen were farmers, herdsmen, or worked in plants. The slaves served the princes and nobles as servants and laborers. Today, this system survives merely as a tradition of origin for Circassian families. In the family, the wife has authority over many of the household matters, but the husband has the ultimate decision in cases of dispute. The extended family unit is set in the context of the tlapq, or the clan, which consists of male relatives who descended from a particular ancestor. Members of a tlapq all share the same family name. Marriages are traditionally based on love or an interest on the part of both man and woman. The Circassian generally marry late, usually in their early thirties."
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