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Sustainable Agriculture and Food Production, 2007.
A literature review explorin sustainable agriculture and food production and how applied geo-information science can be utilized to secure the future of agricultural production the world over.
3,505 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a look at agricultural production systems, as well as methods in both developed and developing countries. The paper then explores some components of agriculture management and forecasting as well as food production, security, and early warning systems - and then looks at how geo-information science can improve upon the former by strengthening the latter two. Finally, the paper looks at some of the representative material available vis-a-vis applied geo-information science. A brief conclusion is then offered as to what the paper has ultimately uncovered.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Agricultural Production Systems/Method in both Developed and Developing Countries
Agriculture Management and Forecasting
Food Production and Early Warning Systems
Applied Geo-information Science and "Smart" Agriculture:
Food Security/Crop Yield
Improve Economy
Agricultural Planning using Soil Moisture Information
Precision Agriculture
Overall Conclusion
From the Paper
"Needless to say, precision agriculture may ultimately be the one thing standing between economic and social devastation and renewed hope for the future in many developing nations. Maohua reports that the Government of the People's Republic began aiming for precision agriculture shortly after Chairman Mao's death, and the results have been favorable. According to Maohua, the government's overarching aims are to develop a Chinese agricultural capacity able to feed 1.6 billion Chinese by the middle of the twenty-first century."
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Moche Irrigation and Food Production, 2008.
An examination of how Moche irrigation and food production provided leaders with the opportunities to expand their political power base.
3,862 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 33 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Moche political organizations and their key attributes. It specifically focuses on their irrigation systems and how they provided leaders with the opportunity to expand their political power base and economy. The paper also looks at how expansion of political control over food production and distribution may have led to an increased reliance on agricultural and terrestrial faunal resources in later periods.
From the Paper
"If it is assumed that "in societies organized around a regional political economy, there is differential access to goods, wealth, power and the means of production" (Gumerman 1997), it can probably also be assumed that high-ranking individuals controlled the degree and social organization of labor, tribute, redistribution and trade of foods, and possibly, as Goody (1982) notes, the technology, land, and water required for producing or procuring foods. In addition, the elite should have had the greatest degree of food choice and set themselves apart symbolically by consuming foods valued either for ideological reasons or for rarity. An increased dietary divergence between class groups might even offer indirect evidence of a foundation for political unrest. (Christine White, et. al, 2001)"
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The Reality of Food Production and Agriculture, 2004.
Review of Thomas R. DeGregori?s book, "The Environment, Our Natural Resources, and Modern Technology", and the author's position about the negative effects of promoting only organic foods for consumption.
1,479 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the belief expressed in "The Environment, Our Natural Resources, and Modern Technology" by the author, a professor of economics and food science, that supposedly positive assertions as ?buy organic?, in regards to changing consumer behavior, are quite questionable and have had dangerous worldwide implications. The paper cites the negative and dangerous consequences of such behavior listed in the book and explains DeGregori's reasoning and arguments for his position. Finally, the paper points out some of the weaknesses of DeGregori's book and points out that, while environmentalism as a movement has its excesses and moral sanctimony, this must be separated from the real and dangerous effects of modern commercial farming.
From the Paper
"Green is good. Buy organic. Down with genetically modified ?franken foods?! Such environmentalist assertions have the ring of modern truisms. Often, the impetus to recycling can have a moral drive to the way that the ideology is enforced upon every street corner, from the shrill wastebaskets that proclaim ?for cans and bottles only? to the supermarket aisles that scream ?no pesticides used.? The modern distaste for technology can be hypocritical as well as hysterical in its intensity at times. After all, such technological innovations as the CD transmit far better musical sound quality than the LP. (DeGregori, 2002, 152). And, more to the point, the modern revolution in food production and shipping has enabled modern individuals to have, at their fingertip?s access, enormous amounts of healthy produce, in and out of season, and to be able to eat high-protein, high-calcium foods at great convenience and relatively little cost."
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Divergent Patterns of Agricultural Productivity, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons behind the divergent path phenomena of agricultural productivity growth in France and England.
2,573 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explain the divergent patterns of agricultural productivity growth in France and England. The paper looks at different labor practices, preferences for rural over urban activity and the ability to engage in agriculture given what is provided by the country's geographical landscape. It uses these factors to explain the reasons behind the divergent path phenomena of agricultural productivity growth.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
1900 Agricultural Outlook: France versus England
Pre-1900s: An Early State of Equal Agricultural Activity
Agrarian Transformation and Industrialization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, England embraced industrialization and urbanization. In the early 1700s, England was far from such industrialization, and there was "little economic growth in Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century" (Mokyr 81-2). When the Industrial Revolution eventually did arrive in England, it did not represent, contrary to popular thought, "a macroeconomic event that led to a sudden acceleration of the rate of growth, although growth eventually became an inevitable corollary" (ibid 82). On the other hand, it represented more of a "wave of gadgets" sweeping over Britain post-1760, which allowed goods to be produced more efficiently and at a higher quality (ibid). It also represented, depending on one's opinion, either the trigger for raised living standards or the signaling of lowered living standards for England (Nardinelli). Agricultural growth was certainly part of this revolution. Many scholars cite one of the main features of the Industrial Revolution as a movement from inorganic to organic materials (E.A. Wrigley, 1987 cited in Mokyr 83). Other important developments were increases in using machinery as labor power, something agricultural England embraced as France selected to retain its human labor pool as its primary agricultural power source. While the French farmers worked on the crops and fields with hand tools, machines in England became commonplace agricultural tools (ibid)."
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Agriculture and Genetically Modified Food, 2005.
Discusses agriculture and GM food in the development of third world countries.
1,628 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is used to describe agricultural crops and plants which are grown for both human and animal consumption, through the use of techniques from the science of molecular biology. This paper examines the heated debate which surrounds the topic of GM products. In many third word countries, GM products are associated more with big business and money and less with help for poverty stricken countries. The paper shows that, nevertheless, the prevalence of GM produce cultivation and usage is on the increase globally. The paper includes a graph.
From the Paper
"Despite these aspects, there is a large body of dissent and opinion against GM products in the third world and elsewhere. Much of this disagreement originates from developing counties, particularly in Africa. There are many reasons given for the opposition to GM crops. The central argument against GM products is that many feel that these foods have not been tested enough over a sufficient period of time. Many critics also see the use of GM product in third world countries as a form of experimentation. There is also a high degree of awareness throughout the word of the possible dangers of tampering with the genetic composition of foodstuffs."
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Agricultural Practices in Emerging Nations, 2005.
This paper identifies sustainable agricultural practices in emerging nations especially China.
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in their haste to introduce market reforms and efficiencies into their antiquated agricultural systems, many emerging nations have sacrificed their environment and citizens' health in exchange for some well-intentioned but misguided short-term gains in productivity. The author points out that past agricultural practices were based on tradition and spiritual concepts; however, many emerging nations have succeeded in overcoming these constraints through innovative policies and initiatives. The paper stresses that modern western agricultural practices rely heavily on heavy and expensive equipment as well as industrial pesticides and fertilizers to wrench continued high yields from the soil are not readily transferable to many emerging nations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Existing Agricultural Practices in China Today
Innovative and Sustainable Agricultural Practices
Current and Future Trends
What Can Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Within rural sociology, sustainable agriculture is frequently considered to be a mutually exclusive "competing paradigm" that challenges conventional agriculture on environmental, economic and ideological grounds. As a result, much of the research on identifying sustainable agricultural practices has been focused on understanding the characteristics which differentiate conventional and alternative farmers, as well as the conditions that serve to constrain or facilitate the development of alternative practices and ways of thinking among farmers and agriculture more generally. For example, researchers have examined a variety of farmer and farm attributes such as age, education, orientation to risk, perception of environmental problems, farm size, and profitability; the impact of agricultural markets and prices and state policies, programs and services have also been examined extensively."
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Free Trade And The North American Agriculture Industry, 2002.
Examines whether or not there should be freer trade between Canada, the United States and Mexico in agricultural products.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
It will be argued in this paper that a considerable amount of free trade already exists in the region of Canada, U.S. and Mexico and that two main issues characterize this topic. First, though freer trade in this area will benefit the three countries, each country will be affected differently. Second, it will be argued that dispute resolution is likely to be an important part of efforts to promote freer trade in agricultural products between the three countries.
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Agriculture in China, 1993.
An overview of the economic, sociocultural and political conditions related to entering the agricultural business field including food, fertilizer, barriers, planning and production.
6,075 words (approx. 24.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The People's Republic of China is predominantly an agricultural country in spite of her highly sophisticated civilization which is essentially urban in character. The rural population in China is roughly 80 percent of the total. That percentage of the population dedicated to agriculture is approximately 70 percent (Agricult. in China, 11).
The role of agriculture in China has remained an important central theme because of its need to feed more than one billion people. Even if China were more economically developed and could afford to buy large quantities of food abroad, such purchases could not be of a volume to relieve the Chinese agricultural..."
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Melatonin Production, 2002.
A proposal to study the effects of supplemental lighting on the reproductive functions of dairy cattle through changes induced in melatonin production.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
Melatonin is a substance that is used in the husbandry of a variety of producing animals in agriculture. The substance is available for such applications as both injections and implants for the purpose of boosting melatonin levels in production animals. Alternatively, some research has indicated that melatonin production in agricultural animals can be increased through the use of supplemental light. This paper proposes a study to determine the effect of supplemental lighting on melatonin production in dairy cattle and to determine the effects of increased levels of melatonin production in dairy cattle on the productive output of such cattle. The paper also includes a literature review of the subject.
From the Paper
"In the contemporary period, diary farmers face increasing economic pressures through the interaction of demands for reduced market prices and increased costs of production inputs. Government subsidies no longer can be relied upon to provide stability in dairy farming. Thus, dairy farmers must seek ways to improve the productivity of their operations where possible. A failure to identify and implement effective strategies to improve productivity will lead to further declines in agriculture generally and for the quality of rural life more specifically."
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Canadian Agriculture, 2006.
A look at the importance of the Canadian agricultural industry to that of the overall strength of the Canadian economy.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Canada's economy is performing at a median point on the international level. Canada is unique in that it demonstrates the lowest investment share in GNP but also the greatest net exports. In other respects, Canada occupies the international middle ground in virtually every category. Canada, along with other nations who wish to compete internationally now understands that competitiveness must now be defined in a broader, international context. This paper examines the Canadian agricultural industry in terms of its significance to the health and success of the Canadian economy. The paper goes on to discuss the importance of the United States to Canada's economy, pointing out that the United States is currently Canada's largest export market, the main reason being that "Canada's agriculture and agri-food industry has benefited from greater and more secure access to the U.S. market under the NAFTA".
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Hormones in Agriculture, 2002.
Discusses the effect that the addition of hormones to the agricultural chain has on humans and animals.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the use of hormones in our agricultural food and the adverse effects it has on animals and the human consumers. The writer provides an outline of the effect the hormones have both physically and politically on the consumer and the nations that support the use of hormones. The writer also presents evidence of the health problems hormones are thought to cause.
From the Paper
"As the world continues to grow, the need for food and dairy products increases as well. Using hormones to increase production of product initially seemed to be a good solution but as studies were conducted it became evident that there were possible problems and risks. The nations of Europe as well as Canada became concerned about the health risks involved with the US use of hormones in bovine. Because of the contradictions in opinions and study results it would behoove the nation to hold off on the use of hormone in cattle until the questions can be answered satisfactorily."
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Sustainable Development: The Need for a Common Path, 2002.
This paper is a review of the sustainable development initiative and a look at the reasons why there is a need to find a common path to achieve sustainability.
2,371 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the background and current information with regards to sustainable development and some of the problems that are associated with the concept. The paper states many of these areas of concern and provides possible remedies for this initiative, which is mainly the need to ensure a common direction or path.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Perspectives on Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development Principles
Business, Politics and the Environment
Technology
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Many view sustainable development as a concept that should be incorporated into our ways of thinking and into the policies that govern our society. The environment is continuing to enter a state of serious threat, and sustainable development is a means in which growth and profit are still able to occur, and the protection of the environment is the utmost importance. Sustainable development is a concept that cannot only be incorporated into the many aspects of planning but it is also an essential component of management initiatives."
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Sustainable Development, 2002.
This paper is a review of the sustainable development initiative and the reasons why there is a need to find a common path to achieve sustainability.
2,542 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the background and current information with regards to sustainable development and some of the problems that are associated with the term. The paper discusses many of these areas of concern and provides possible remedies for this initiative, which is mainly the need to ensure a common direction or path.
Introduction
History
Perspectives on Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development Principles
Business, Politics, and the Environment
Technology
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Many view sustainable development as a concept that should be incorporated into our ways of thinking and into the policies that govern our society. The environment is continuing to enter a state of serious threat, and sustainable development is a means in which growth and profit are still able to occur, and the protection of the environment is the utmost importance. Sustainable development is a concept that cannot only be incorporated into the many aspects of planning but it is also an essential component of management initiatives."
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The geography of Mexico and its Agriculture, 1984.
This paper discusses Mexico with special reference to its unique highland-lowland geography and its agriculture: Political, farming, watershed, crops, volcanoes, Gulf Coast and productivity.
5,850 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 11 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research paper is to discuss Mexico with special reference to its unique highland-lowland geography and its agriculture. This research paper will start out with a comparison between the Mexican highlands and the Mexican lowlands as part of the discussion which will include an overview of the geography and political divisions of Mexico. Another section of the paper will then deal with agricultural statistics that pertain to Mexico. One of the specific statistical questions that will be answered is about what percentage of Mexico's land can now be used to grow crops? A third segment of this research report will discuss the drylands and what is being done to make it more productive. The last portion of this research report will be devoted to a discussion of the origin of corn in Mexico.
Comparison between Mexican highlands and lowlands ... "
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Global Warming and Crop Production, 2007.
A review of the literature related to global warming and expected decreases in crop production.
3,038 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that as global warming causes the earth's average temperatures to rise, crop production will experience a decrease. The paper discusses how temperature extremes have been shown to dramatically reduce the agricultural productivity potential. The paper relates that technology will play an important part in the production of crops and wealthier countries will be better prepared for technological supports. The paper points out that while there are conflicting reports concerning the specific effects of global warming and climate change, it is clear that farmers must be willing to enter a process that includes ongoing assessment and adaptation to the changes that are occurring.
Outline:
Statement of Topic
Statement of Thesis
Conceptualization
Literature Review
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"One important factor to crop production, and specifically fruit crop production is that failures are likely to occur due to the early growth of these crops in warmer weather resulting in the loss of crops due to cold snaps. This has been noted in the research in the foregoing literature. As well, there are agriculture crops that will initially be more productive however, the literature in the foregoing review has illustrated the likelihood that in the longer run, crops certain crops will be less productive due to higher temperatures."
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