| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "SURROGATE PREGNANCIES CANADA": |
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Surrogate Pregnancies in Canada, 2002.
A look at a policy brief regarding legislation to govern pre-conception (surrogacy) birth contracts in Canada.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This essay examines Canadian law and government policy with regards to surrogate pregnancies. This is a policy brief concerning legislation that would refer to pre-conception birth contracts (surrogacy) in Canada and provides a detailed analysis of the legal issues and potential conflicts in cases of surrogate pregnancy.
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Surrogate Parenting, 2007.
This paper argues that surrogate motherhood is an appropriate and ethical consideration for childless couples.
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issues of surrogate pregnancy. The various types of surrogacy are defined as well as the possible problems that may arise because of this arrangement. Despite the implications of surrogate parenting, the author concludes that this is a viable means for childless couples to become parents.
From the Paper
"Because gestational surrogacy does not genetically link the host mother with the gestational parents, relinquishment of the child after pregnancy would seem much simpler than if the mother carrying the baby is genetically linked with the baby. Traditional surrogacy, requiring the carrier mother's eggs to conceive a child, automatically brings forth the question of whether the genetic mother should have a continuing relationship with the child after birth (Jaggar, 1994). It is important that couples consider the implications of traditional surrogacy. Still other opponents argue it is more difficult for the genetic or gestational mother to bond with a child she has not carried. There is adequate research however, supporting the role of the genetic mother and legitimizing her right to raising her child (Beckman & Ciccarelli, 2005). This research suggests that genetic mothers when provided ample support and resources are just as likely to raise a healthy child whether they carried the child to term or not."
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Teen Pregnancies, 2004.
An in-depth study into the rate of repeat pregnancies for teenagers.
8,512 words (approx. 34.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 180.95
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Abstract
The study focuses on rates of teen pregnancies, with an emphasis on repeated teen pregnancies. It examines the role of support groups in preventing or reducing teen pregnancies, with an emphasis on subsequent teen pregnancies. It then provides an in-depth discussion of the various programs and policies in the prevention of teen pregnancies, with an emphasis on subsequent teen pregnancies.
Outline
Chapter 1
Introduction
Background
Scope of the Problem
Objectives
Chapter 2
Methodology
Chapter 3
Literature Review
Chapter 4
Rates of Repeat Pregnancy for Teen Parents
Chapter 5
Teen Parent Support Groups
Chapter 6
Programs and Policy Implications
Chapter 7
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"All over the country while the rate of teen pregnancies has of late been on the decline, the national rate of 98.7 per 1000 girls ages 15-19 is still much higher than most other Western countries, and many communities are worried by rates that far surpass this national average. (Center for law and Social Policy, 1998) Until recently only little was known about what workings and delivery mechanisms make for a triumphant interference and whether such workings and ways can be stretched to or adapted for other settings, though concern in teenage and preadolescent trouble behavior prevention programs is rising. For those concerned, such information is vital in either setting up new ones supported on winning models somewhere else or refining programs on hand."
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Teen Pregnancies, 2004.
Examines how teen pregnancies are managed and countered in the United States today, focusing on African-American teenage girls.
3,352 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Compared to only a few decades ago, American society has become more open and accepting of teenage pregnancy. Pregnant teens are no longer hidden away with relatives. More importantly, many school and community groups have adopted honest and aggressive strategies to address the growing incidences of teenage pregnancy.
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of four different styles of programs in preventing pregnancy in teenage girls. These programs include sex education in schools, one-on-one conversations between patient and health care worker in a clinical setting, service learning programs, and finally, youth development programs. Emphasis is given on the effectiveness of these programs in preventing pregnancy in teenage African-American girls. The first part of this paper is an overview of teen pregnancy statistics, both throughout the United States and African-American teenagers in particular. The next part of the paper then identifies the factors behind the rising rates of pregnancy among black teenagers. In the third and main part, this paper looks at the diverse programs and policies that are being implemented to help stop teenage pregnancy. The paper then evaluates whether or not these programs address the unique factors that contribute to teen pregnancy in African-American teens. In the conclusion, this paper argues that pregnancy rates among black teens continue to rise because these programs do not address the special factors behind pregnancies in this group. Thus, in order to effectively address teen pregnancy in black teenagers, more policies must be enacted to address factors like poverty and school drop-out rates.
From the Paper
"There is a wide diversity among the types of education programs. Advocates of abstinence-only education, for example, argue that contraception education has failed to stem the tide of pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease among high-school students. Napier (1999) argues that abstinence-only programs are the more effective solution. Programs such as the Washington, DC-based Best Friends, for example, match a teen girl with an adult mentor. Weekly one-on-one and group meetings will teach the girls self-respect and decision-making skills that will form the basis of a sexually-abstinent lifestyle. The Best Friends program also emphasizes avoiding drugs and alcohol, which are considered risk factors for early sexual activity."
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Surrogate Mothers, 2002.
A discussion of the issues involved in being and using surrogate mothers, including a look at the pertinent legal issues.
2,557 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the topic of surrogate mothers, discussing the many considerations to be taken into account when deciding to be a surrogate mother or selecting a surrogate mother. The paper provides information about laws concerning surrogate mothers, from various countries. Also illustrated are the sensitive issues for the surrogate mother to deal with after birth of the baby.
From the Paper
"Surrogate mothers have many battles to face giving their babies to the set of parents that want to receive them. ?Between 50 and 100 babies a year are born to surrogate mothers in Britain? (Henderson 2). Italy is against using surrogate mothers for childless couples (Australian 1). Should couples that have had children be allowed to use surrogate mothers? What are the problems of selecting a surrogate mother? What are the steps to having a baby from a surrogate mother? If the surrogate mother has more than one baby, what happens? Are the proposed parents mandated to take more than one baby? What about expenses? Surrogate mothers offer hope to couples that have not been able to have a baby with the natural childbirth and to couples who have married for the second time who desire to have a baby, but there are many decisions that should be made first."
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Surrogate Parents, 2002.
A discussion of the issues concerning surrogate parenting.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how for many infertile couples, the assistance of a surrogate mother represents one last hope for becoming a genetic parent and therefore they turn to surrogate mothers, or women who bear children for couples who cannot become parents through normal pregnancy and childbirth. It looks at how with careful preparation on both sides, surrogate parenting can be a viable option for couples to conceive a child and add to their family. It also shows how many critics charge that this practice provides another opportunity for couples to exploit poor women.
From the Paper
"The rising popularity of surrogate parenting stems in part from new technology. In the Baby M case, the surrogate mother was also the biological mother, because she was artificially inseminated with the intended father?s sperm. Today, however, 95 percent of these types of pregnancy involve ?gestational surrogacy,? where the intended parents sperm and egg are used to create an embryo, that is then implanted into the surrogate?s uterus. Though more expensive than traditional surrogacy, this type also insures that the intended parents are genetically related to their child (Gentry)."
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Surrogate Motherhood, 2006.
This paper analyzes and gives insights on whether there is anything intrinsically immoral with the act of surrogate motherhood.
2,733 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all of the moral and emotional issues surrounding surrogate motherhood. The author explains the different definitions of surrogacy from donation of sperm to egg donation to traditional surrogacy. He examines the ethical issues involved in surrogacy and if it can be considered as a moral or an immoral act from the perspective of the surrogate. The author cites examples of court cases that support surrogacy. He also examines how surrogacy has become a legal practice in many Western countries. In conclusion the author states his opinion that the existing laws and public policies regarding surrogacy and surrogate arrangements were created and established primarily for the purpose of justifying the end and existence of surrogate motherhood.
From the Paper
"Those who advocates the practice of surrogacy claims that it is a moral and just act since people who are burdened by the frustration of not being able to procreate are actually being addressed. With surrogacy, infertile couples are actually provided the joys of parenthood. Likewise, it is also said that surrogacy does not necessarily have to be equated with money. With the aid of laws and existing public policies regarding it, it is also claimed that the possibility of commercialization and the development of a market for it can be controlled and at the same time
access to the said reproductive technology is made possible for anyone who would like to avail it (http://www.debatabase.org)."
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Surrogate Court in New York, 2005.
An examination of the changes that have occurred to Surrogate Court in New York City since 1930.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper briefly reviews Surrogate Court in New York City as it stood in 1930 and then briefly examines how it stands today. It compares and contrasts any changes that have occurred. The paper suggests that the changes that have taken place to Surrogate Court since the 1930s are largely overshadowed by the continuities.
From the Paper
"Surrogate Court in New York: Yesterday and Today Surrogate Court in New York City has seen both change and continuity since 1930. The following paper will briefly review Surrogate Court as it stood in 1930 and then briefly examine how it stands today. As will become clear, the changes that have taken place since the 1930s are largely overshadowed by the continuities. Specifically, the Courthouse continues to stand indomitably as a stirring testament to the "City Beautiful" movement which swept urban America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With that in mind, it is to a brief review of what has changed - and what has not - in that tiny corner of the world that this paper now turns. To begin with, even by 1930, the august Surrogate Court was very much a relic of the past. To wit, it was built between 1899 and 1907 and replaced the old Hall of Records that once stood in City Hall Park."
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Surrogate Motherhood, 2002.
A discussion of the ethical issues presented by surrogate motherhood and breastfeeding.
867 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The process of surrogate motherhood involves a third party carrying a child for a couple, a single women, or persons involved in same sex relationships. This paper gives a personal opinion of why it is ethically wrong by examining literature both for and against surrogacy. It discusses such issues as bonding and separation and the key issue of breastfeeding, why surrogate mothers are not allowed to breastfeed.
From the Paper
"Opponents of surrogacy argue that the surrogacy process creates a separation in the mind of the surrogate mother that she must have the child but not raise the child. Thus surrogacy creates a situation in which a child is created for the purpose of fulfilling the desires of the adoptive parents. The Humanist writes: "To sanction the use and treatment of human beings to the achievement of other goals instead of as ends in themselves is to accept an ethic with a tragic past and to establish a precedent with a dangerous future." (Pyton 2001)"
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Teenage Pregnancies and High School Drop Out Rates, 2006.
A look at how teenage pregnancies usually mean that the teenage mother will drop out of high school.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problem of high school drop outs, explaining that income instability and increasing rates in teen pregnancy are two of its many underlying causes. This paper explains that teenagers with babies often are not able to keep up with their school work because they have to be up during the night caring for their babies. Consequently, teenage pregnancies lead to high school drop outs, which then leave the teenager living in poverty without the skills and ability to obtain and keep employment.
From the Paper
"Nancy is a young girl who became pregnant at age sixteen. She tried attending school, working a part-time job, and taking care of her baby. However, she was up a lot at night with her baby and eventually she realized she could not continue to go to school. She lives on welfare and spends most of her time watching television. Nancy and her baby live in poverty. Nancy is one of many American teenage females who become pregnant. "The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy and births in the western industrialized world" (General Facts). Nancy is one of many high school girls who drop out of high school to care for their babies. "Teen mothers are less likely to complete high school (only one-third receive a high school diploma) and only 1.5% have a college degree by age 30" (General Facts)."
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Surrogate Parenting, 2006.
A discussion regarding the legal and ethical issues and complications surrounding surrogate parenting.
1,017 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the new and emerging reproductive technologies used today to help couples with fertility issues to have children. The paper focuses specifically on surrogate parenting, discussing the legal and ethical issues that can complicate surrogacy.
From the Paper
"The most commonly raised question is: are we not commercialization children by severing the bond between the natural mother and the child? Closely connected to this question are the feelings of the natural mother who might not want to give up the child once he is born. The legal cases in this regard have only further complicated the whole issue. The baby M case is one of the most well known cases of surrogacy parenting in the US. In 1986, Mary Beth Whitehead entered into a contract with Elizabeth and Daniel Stern to bear a child for them using husband's sperm. However when the child was born, Mary Beth refused to give up the custody which resulted in a bitter battle where many legal and ethical questions surfaced. It was decided by the court that while Sterns would keep the child, Whitehead would have visitation rights. This is not something common because it is decided prior to the birth of the child that natural mother would have no contact with him/her. This brings us to the philosophical question: Who exactly is a mother and what precisely is motherhood?"
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Black Teenage Pregnancies, 2002.
An examination of the some of the factors leading to the rise in teenage pregnancies and abortions in the black community.
994 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how some portion of high teenage pregnancy and abortion rates is attributable to the consequence of sexual activity at an earlier age, while another portion is due to increases in age at marriage and how both trends have increased exposure to the risk of unintentional pregnancy. It analyzes how this trend is especially high in the black community and how it can be attributed to such factors as poverty, conflicting messages on sexuality and the lack of contraceptive services help explain these trends. It looks at some of the responses to the problem such as the development of programs in many middle and high schools of sexuality education programs designed to delay the onset of sexual intercourse.
From the Paper
"Many researchers focus on family influences on adolescent sexual behavior, and communication between parents and their children about sexual issues has been one important research area. Some studies show that parental discussions on sexual matters either delay the first sexual experience or encourage contraceptive use among adolescents, but others show no effect. In fact, some studies suggest that communication with parents may encourage sexual behavior. Studies show that these relationships depend on factors such as who reports the communication, whether the parents hold traditional or liberal attitudes, the sex of the adolescent, which parent conducts the discussion, and whether the outcome is sexual debut or contraceptive use (Rubinson 235)."
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Teen Pregnancies, 2004.
A look at the correlation between the rise in teen pregnancies and sexually explicit media.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the teen pregnancy phenomenon simply does not go away, no matter how much parents and schools and communities attempt to eliminate it and how there is no ethnic or racial group, or religious group, which is immune from the problem. It looks at how the problem is seemingly irresolvable and how it is exacerbated by the increasing availability of sexually-explicit materials and programs, including books, magazines, movies, cable TV programs, X-rated Internet Web sites and chat rooms, and more. It discusses how the responsibility for the sexual behavior of teenagers will, ultimately, always come down to the parents and families and how churches, schools, community health organizations, media agencies, and other concerned volunteers and professionals should certainly coordinate more closely to combat the problem.
From the Paper
"Hard as communities and agencies try, they seem to fail at stopping teen pregnancies, albeit, between 1991 and 1999, fewer girls in ?every state? gave birth (Wetzstein, 2001), bringing the national teenage rate to its lowest level in 14 years. This drop, according to Child Trends, was possibly due to HIV / AIDs education programs, which frightened teens; dying from AIDS is indeed a more serious problem than just becoming pregnant. Still, over a million teen pregnancies a year indicates that the problem is not going away."
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Surrogate Parenting Case, 1999.
Analyzes cases and decisions related to surrogate law, focusing on the "Keller v. Rose", Illinois case in which the birth mother sued for custody of the child.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 30 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"KELLER V. ROSE: APPELLATE BRIEF
This paper consists of a summary of the facts, the legal issue presented, the legal arguments and points and authorities supporting an appellate brief to be filed by plaintiffs-appellees, Patricia and Stephen Keller ("Plaintiffs" or "the Kellers"), in the appeal of defendants-appellants, Isaiah and Madeline Rose ("Defendants" or "the Roses"), to the Illinois Supreme Court of the decision of the Appellate Court of Illinois in favor of Plaintiffs in Case No. 96-L-2041. The Appellate Court reversed the decision of a trial court in Cook County which had found that a surrogate agreement between the Roses and the Kellers was valid and that the attempt by the Roses to obtain legal custody of the female child, Leah Clare Rose ("Leah"), born pursuant to the surrogate agreement, was in breach thereof."
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Surrogate Motherhood, 1989.
Argues against the legality of surrogate motherhood. Examines the definition, history, legal status and opposing arguments.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" The question of surrogate motherhood and whether or not it should be legal has created a controversy among lawyers, doctors, feminists, historians, sociologists, men and women alike and crosses over all cultures, races, classes and religions. The overwhelming arguments and evidence indicate that surrogate motherhood should be illegal.
The issues and numerous objections of a moral and legal nature surrounding the question of legality include: baby selling, the legality of the contracts, class advantage (rich versus nonrich), religious beliefs, impact on traditional rights of birth mothers, the psychological impact on the children who are the products of these contracts, indentured servitude and prostitution.
Briefly defined, surrogate motherhood involves a man who..."
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