| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "SUBSTITUTE TEACHERS": |
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Substitute Teachers, 2002.
A literature review on the problems faced by substitute teachers.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 20 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This is a literature review paper on the history and problems faced by substitute teachers due to county districts. It contains a questionnaire page.
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Substitute Skin, 2006.
This paper discusses the engineering of substitute skin.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the demand for substitute skin is because (1) the loss of significant amounts of this layer can result in functional morbidity or death and (2) the many burn injuries and dermatological disorders such as chronic skin ulcers and nevi excision, which require substitute skin. The author points out that, to design a skin substitute, it is necessary to replace both the dermal and epidermal layers because the dermal layer cannot spontaneously regenerate in humans and the epidermal layer is needed as protection for underlying dermis. The paper relates that the three main types of temporary skin substitutes, which are used for coverage of wounds that do not completely eliminate the dermis or for areas where skin is being removed as a donor site, are allograft, synthetic, and bio-synthetic; whereas, the two main types of permanent skin replacements are bio-synthetic and biologic, but many of the newer types of artificial skin being developed are a combination of both categories.
From the Paper
"The basic design criteria specified by Yannas and Burke have become standards used to fabricate new skin alternatives. These criteria utilize two separate stages of design. The initial stage involves keeping bacteria out of the body and retaining water within the body [9]. Once these goals have been met, a second long-term stage involves improvement of cosmetic appearance and tissue scarring, minimizing contracture of the skin, and anchoring to the underlying tissue [9]. In addition, it is assumed that the skin is non-toxic. Researchers have added several more goals to the design criteria since the original publication by Yannas and Burke. These goals are to make the artificial skin easy to store and use and to produce it inexpensively [7] as well as reducing heat loss and pain in the area and providing a hypoxic area wherein wound healing would occur faster."
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Substitute Products In the Sort Beverage Market, 1999.
Examines trends in the market, focusing on the threat of bottled water to traditional beverages.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The soft drink industry is a highly visible consumer market with competitors such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo pursuing international marketing strategies. These beverages can be purchased at retail stores and consumed in the home, on the road, or in offices; in addition, soft (non-alcoholic) beverages can be consumed in restaurants and other establishments (such as convenience stores) where they are sold in cups or mugs rather than bottles. According to Michael Porter's analysis, substitute products have a direct effect on the competitive environment of a particular industry, and this is particularly true in the soft beverage market. Intense competition occurs at the individual product level, such as the so-called Cola Wars between Coke and Pepsi, but there is also competition among various types of products as consumers ..."
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Blood Substitutes, 2004.
An analysis of blood substitutes.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the search for the perfect substitute for human blood. The paper presents various products developed as blood substitutes and explores their effectiveness. The products discussed are Fluosol-DA, Oxygent, Hemopure, Polyheme, and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG).
From the Paper
"The search for the perfect substitute for human blood began as early as the 17th century, when water, oil, milk and animal blood were used for transfusion until the first human-to-human transfusion in Philadelphia in 1795 (McCarthy 2003). Successes were, however, inconstant since then, as patients died due to injuries or from reactions to foreign blood, so that it was only a last resort during emergencies. Early in the 20th century, the cataloguing of blood types enabled the matching of blood types between donors and recipients, despite the risk of blood infected with HIV and other viruses, drugs and toxins (McCarthy). Even then, there have been too few donors in proportion to a large number who require it. In 2000, for example, eight million donated 13 million liters and 4.5 received the donated blood. Supply has not only remained short of the need, the shelf life is also short. The shelf life of red blood cells, for example, is 42 days and given this shelf life, 3 to 8% of donated units are soon disposed into the incinerator (McCarthy)."
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Teacher Qualification Standards, 2002.
Examines whether or not states should change or eliminate standards.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Examines whether or not States should change or eliminate standards. Problems of shortage of certified teachers, and shrinking pool of teachers who received conventional education. Issue of substituting expertise in place of formal training in teaching methodology. Reasons for shortage of qualified teachers. Purpose of certification; its relation to effectiveness in the classroom.
From the Paper
"This paper examines the question of whether or not states should be allowed to revise or even eliminate teacher qualification standards in order to enlarge the pool of available talent as a solution to the shortage of certified teachers. Increasingly, schools throughout America are confronted with a shrinking pool of teachers who have received the conventional education that allows them to meet each state=s standards for teaching certificates. Low pay, heightened demands beyond skills at imparting knowledge, reduced public respect for the profession, and a host of other challenges make attracting and keeping trained teachers an increasingly daunting challenge. One of the more intriguing but controversial ideas has been to draw on the expertise and enthusiasm of individuals with a wealth of content knowledge but limited formal training in teaching ..."
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Blood Substitutes in Development, 2004.
An overview of the blood shortage and potential life-supporting alternatives.
1,253 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how there is a fear, which continues today, regarding safe blood and HIV and how beyond contamination, there is another serious blood issue and that involves blood shortages. It describes the actual function of the blood to the body, how blood cells regenerate, and the principles of blood transfusions. It shows that duplicating all the functions that blood performs in the human body would seem to be an impossible challenge and how any artificial blood product must pass several tests. It also looks at current research into synthetic blood production from two distinct directions, one based on chemicals and the other based on hemoglobin.
From the Paper
"What function does blood actually provide within ? and for ? the body? According to the assigned article in Scientific American, blood ?transports nutrients, hormones and waste products?; blood also fights infections and has the ability to ?clot? ? preventing or at least slowing down serious hemorrhaging. The part of human blood which helps fight disease is the white blood cells. But the most ?familiar? function of blood in the body of mammals is the ?capture and release of oxygen and carbon dioxide.? The protein most commonly found in blood, hemoglobin, is also a critically important protein. Hemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs, and distributes it throughout the body. The red blood cells pick up carbon dioxide, which is a waste product given off through the respiration of cells, and humans exhale the carbon dioxide out through the lungs."
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Breast-Feeding vs. Substitutes, 2002.
Examining the facts to be considered when choosing breast-feeding over bottle feeding.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper details facts on the health debate in predominantly third world countries. It discusses the Nestle formula case and how marketing has made breast-feeding into something to be thought about by many mothers. It shows how before breast-feeding was the default choice of nutrition, formula has taken a large portion of the market share. Pros and cons of each choice is presented.
From the Paper
"Breast-feeding advocates around the world state that 1.5 million babies die each year from improper substitution of breast-feeding. That?s a death every 21 seconds. Since the 1970?s, an international battle has raged over the marketing exploits of the baby food industry. With Nestle controlling 40% of the multi-billion dollar worldwide baby milk industry, they have been the most visible target of boycotts and legislation. However, after almost 30 years in the news, it seems that neither side has made any real progress. Nestle claims it adheres to international code and provides a very necessary product; breast-feeding advocates shout bloody murder and continue their campaign. How can this debate be resolved?"
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Darwinism and the Scopes Monkey Trial, 2004.
An examination of Charles Darwin's controversial theory of human evolution and the Scopes Monkey Trial.
1,777 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Charles Darwin's theory of evolution has met with much controversy throughout history. The paper points out that the issue of whether an all-mighty God created the universe and people or whether people evolved from monkeys remains a heated topic. To illustrate this, the paper focuses on the Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee in the Rhea County Courthouse. John Scopes, a substitute biology teacher, was accused of breaking the Butler Act, prohibiting the teaching of the evolution theory in all the universities and public schools of Tennessee. The paper asserts that the trial went beyond being just the trying of a man who taught evolution against the law. It became a trial of religion vs. evolution. The paper concludes that, although Scopes lost the case, he won the public's favor.
From the Paper
"Dayton Tennessee was a small town and many Daytonians viewed the Scopes trial as an opportunity to put their town on the map. Under normal circumstances, the law would not have been challenged but a plan was hatched out by George Rappleyea, a staunch evolutionist and local businessman in Rhea County, who saw the trial as a way to attract money and attention to the small town, helping to raise up its failing economy. During the trial, the normally quiet yet prosperous town became, for about two hot weeks in July, a fair of lemonade and hotdog stands, banners and monkey pennants, caged apes, hawkers of religious tracts and biology texts, Holy Rollers and evangelists, and hundreds of members of the press. Dayton was, however, a very religious community, and with nine churches in town, it was apparent why the people did not want evolution taught in the classrooms. H. L. Mencken, a writer who once visited the town said it was "full of charm and even some beauty" but also complained that because of its strong religious beliefs the town had "no bootleggers, no gambling, no place to dance, and that no fancy women." During the trial however, it was said that the town "was literally drunk on religious excitement." There was seating available in the courthouse for 700, but 300 more standees crammed in to watch Dayton's most historic event take place. Rappleyea's plan was coming into play and working just as he had hoped. Attention to the town was coming from all over as the trial began."
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Aspartame: A Health Risk, 2002.
Presents the pro and con arguments garding the use of Aspartame as a sugar substitute.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the arguments related to the use of Aspartame as a sugar substitute. The viewpoints of both parties i.e. those who advocate aspartame as a substitute and its critics are considered, and conclusions drawn.
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The Gang Family, 2002.
Examining theories which relate to gangs being substitute families for its members, and what attracts members to gangs.
4,734 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The proposed research examines whether young boys are attracted to gangs because they meet needs which are not met by their families. The study first presents a review of the pertinent research. The first section of the review discusses the basic nature of gangs. The second section examines literature related to the thesis that gangs meet needs that are unmet by gang members' families. The third and final section of the review develops conclusions about gangs and the needs thesis. The study tests the "traditional family" theory of gang attraction. Specifically, the study determines whether or not gangs serve as a substitute for traditional families in terms of meeting the needs of these children and adolescents who compose its membership by collecting data from high school males who are gang members to find out if they perceive the gang as meeting those basic needs that tend to be met by family. Further, in an effort to get additional insight into gang members' perceptions of the gang, meeting their needs, some comparisons is made between their perceptions and those of their non-gang counterparts.
From the Paper
"This study focuses on gangs that fall within the scope of the last provided definition. Prior to the early 1800s, no gangs fitting this definition could be found in America. However, from the beginning of the European settlement in America, there was gang-like activity, especially as class distinctions developed (Olen, 1991). Gang members tended to be from the poorer classes and were typically composed of members of the same race or ethnic backgrounds.
These early gangs banded together for protection or financial gain. In the 19th century, criminally-oriented gangs were first formed. These gangs were formed as the result of a worsening economy and a growing population that increased competition for jobs; soon, gangs began to specialized in crime and became a part of America's cities (Quicker, 1983)."
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Universal Human Rights, 2008.
Argues that the Bible cannot be used as a substitute for a declaration of universal human rights.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it is necessary to have a universal declaration of human rights to which all countries must refer because the Bible is not enough to enforce these rights. The paper relates that even if the Bible did teach about universal human rights, it would not be a persuasive document for many of the world's countries because there are very few purely religious states. Furthermore, the majority of the world's people are not Christian. In addition, the Bible itself is very murky on several human rights issues. Next, in order to establish why the Bible cannot substitute for a universal declaration of human rights, the paper provides an explanation of what such a universal declaration would actually mean. The paper explains that the tenets that would comprise the universal declaration of human rights are not necessarily espoused by the Bible.
From the Paper
"In addition, many human rights activists believe that the death penalty is a de facto violation of human rights, regardless of the guilt or innocence of the person to be executed and the nature of the crime committed by that person. However, the Bible clearly endorses the application of the death penalty. Moreover, the Bible endorses the use of the death penalty in areas where most of the modern world has determined its use to be inappropriate. Amaziah executed his father's assassins, and the Bible described him as doing "what was right in the eyes of the LORD.""
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Olestra, 2001.
Pros & cons of nutritional effects & safety issues re: this food additive that is a fat substitute. Concludes studies are inconclusive.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
This research paper will present the pros and cons of olestra. Included in the discussion will be a definition and status of olestra, and pros and cons regarding its nutritional effects and safety issues.
Olestra
Olestra is a food additive that is used as a fat substitute. It is defined as "a mixture of hexa-, hepta-, and octaesters prepared from sucrose and long-chain fatty acids from edible fats and oils such as soybean, corn, or cottonseed." It is used as a replacement for as much as 100% of the fats used for preparing snack foods (Prince & Welschenbach, 1998, p. 565). "
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Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), 2004.
This paper discusses the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), which
is a computer communication system that transmits and receives data using modulated electro-magnetic waves as a substitute for wired cables.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) was developed to meet the needs of mobile computer users who desire to be connected irrespective of their positions, such as in small mobile and home offices. The author points out that the wide acceptability of Wireless LAN, due to its benefits of flexibility, scalability, and mobility, necessitates the standardization of the devices, thus ensuring compatibility and reliability among all the manufacturers and users. The paper relates that the range and connectivity of the Wireless Network depends on the strength of RF signal, which is adversely affected by complicated factors like building structure, room layout, wall construction, and RF-emitting devices like microwaves.
From the Paper
"It is established as per the peer-to-peer architecture. The Distribution System enables two or more BSSs to be interconnected with the help of the access points, which increases the network coverage. The access points bridges the gap between the BSS and DS and data moves through them. The Extended Services Set (ESS) is created with the creation of large and complex networks using BSS and DS. The entire network under the ESS operates as an independent basic service set to the Logical Link Control Layer. The benefits of the IEEE 802.11 extended with the use of a portal to integrate logically between the wired LAN and IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN. The portal also is used as a gateway to access to the Distribution System. The Portal is used to bridge the gap between Wired LANs with Wireless LANs. The standard IEEE 802.11 has specified the services that the distribution system should support, which in consonance with the BSS and DS, may be station services and distribution system services."
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temporarily unavailable
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The Philosophy of Psychology, 2005.
This paper examines Wittgenstein's ideas of psychology as a poor substitute for the philosophy of knowledge or mind.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This analytical philosophy paper addresses Wittgenstein's method in relation to the debates with Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell early in his career. The paper addresses the focal point of the provided question on why Wittgenstein would reject psychology as closer to the natural sciences than philosophy. The paper also discusses the position of psychology within philosophy of knowledge; the relational and inductive method, as opposed to the reduction of today that, the paper maintains, Wittgenstein probably would not tolerate.
From the Paper
"For Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), the theory of knowledge would serve as the philosophy of psychology, avoiding altogether psychology's claims of belonging to the natural sciences. Much has to do with Wittgenstein's perception of the human mind and reality, in producing his argument in Tractacus. This paper examines why Wittgenstein would see psychology as a poor substitute for the philosophy of knowledge or the philosophy of mind, as driven by methodological and conceptual factors."
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