| Papers [1-15] of 18 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "STUTTERING": |
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Stuttering, 2002.
An insight into stuttering and examination of the relationship between stuttering and expressive language problems.
2,974 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the relationship between stuttering, a speech disorder of dysfluency, which is classified as a speech problem and expressive language problems, which are classified as language disorders. It discusses how stuttering can appear to be a relatively minor communication problem, as the person knows what he or she wants to say and how it is the ability to communicate that separates us from the other animals. It demonstrates how communication is central to what makes us human and how stuttering can disrupt the normal rhythm of social interaction.
Outline
Introduction
Cause
Language Skills and Fluency
Research on the Topic
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Recent research in brain imaging has produced interesting new information. MRI?s used to compare the brains of stutterers and non-stutterers showed anatomical differences in two areas used in language production: Broca?s area and Wernicke?s area (Perkins, 2001). This could easily lead one to assume that the cause of stuttering is a structural brain difference, but this might be an incorrect interpretation. The brain is plastic, and it is possible that these areas change over time as a result of the stuttering. However, it does give evidence regarding the involuntary nature of dysfluency (Perkins, 2001). Other neurological research suggests that the right hemisphere may be interfering with the language activities of the left hemisphere (Sobel, 2001). Other research implicates other parts of the brain. The region of the brain that processes hearing is active when fluent speakers speak but underactive when stutterers speak."
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Stuttering, 2007.
An analysis of the negative stereotypes of stuttering and the sociolinguistic effect of stuttering on individuals.
2,124 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the important topic of stuttering and its effects on individual stutterers, from a sociolinguistic point of view. It looks at the negative stereotypes and prejudices that are associated with people who stutter and those that attempt to conceal their stuttering. The paper analyzes whether attempting to conceal stuttering is in fact effective or if it adds to the negative stereotypes that surround stutterers.
Table of Contents:
Ignorance and Generalization
Backfiring of Concealment Strategies
From the Paper
"In sum, the attempts to disguise or avoid stuttering may contribute to an even worse overall perception of the stutterer. Listeners are not easily fooled by concealment strategies, and they tend to react more favourable to speech "blocks, repetitions and prolongations" than to attempts of disguise (Parry)."
"Even if the stutterer does get away with his attempt, the outcome might be far from desirable. He may confirm the popular stereotype that sutterers are "shy, nervous, anxious, tense, fearful, introverted, quiet or reticent (Acton and Hird 505; Heite)," or maybe even worse, create himself a social identity that is associated with terms like arrogance and disinterest."
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Stuttering and Brain Damage, 2008.
An analysis of the evidence that stuttering is related to brain damage.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that hypotheses that attempt to explain stuttering point to the roots of this condition in the neurophysiology and/or neuropsychology of the individual experiencing the dysfluency. The paper further discusses that, while theories do exist that place stuttering into a behavior dependant on learning and conditioning due to environmental aspects, the fact remains that stuttering, whether learned or conditioned, is the result of a neurophysiological response manifested as dysfluent speech. The paper maintains that, upon examination of the nature of stuttering both in terms of research into etiology and effective treatment, the conclusion that stuttering is the result of brain damage is the one most applicable and probable.
From the Paper
"According to earlier research statistics, approximately 25 to 35 percent of individuals who have developed stuttering sustained a form of brain damage, either at birth or during early childhood (Guitar, 2006). The reported factors, including anoxia at birth, premature birth, head injury, and mild cerebral palsy, all point to a disruption in the fetal development of a normal central nervous system (Guitar, 2006). Since there appears to be this correlation between brain damage and stuttering, research has been done to determine how brain functions are different in these individuals. Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies have shown a possible right-hemisphere dominance in terms of language production in individuals who stutter and cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies have shown these results as well (Guitar, 2006). "
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Stuttering, 2005.
Discusses the importance of understanding the underlying psychological problems associated with stuttering.
2,966 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by examining the many and varied theories used to explain the causes of stuttering and then follows with an analysis of stuttering and its affect on academic achievement. The paper asserts that this analysis supports the argument that stuttering is primarily a psychologically-caused, linguistic impairment condition and that this knowledge is an important step towards reducing the academic difficulties faced by students who stutter.
From the Paper
"The majority of children learn language in what seems to look like an easy and natural process, characterized by different stages of fluency. At each stage of the language acquisition process, the child gains a larger vocabulary and a greater fluency. Because most children pass from one stage to another without difficulty few people, except linguists, psychologists and scientists, have considered the minority of children who do not acquire linguistic fluency, and do not speak in a clear and comprehensible way, although they may have the same language knowledge and vocabulary as do others of their age group. Among the various linguistic problems that a child may suffer from, reducing his ability to use language fluently and to communicate effectively, is stuttering."
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Stuttering in Pre-school Children, 2006.
A research paper dealing with stuttering disorders in young children.
4,123 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
Stuttering is characterized by an abnormal high frequency and/or duration of stoppages in the forward flow of speech. Such stoppages usually take the form of sound repetitions, syllables or one-word syllables, prolongations of sounds or blocks of airflow or voice speech. This paper examines the speech problem of stuttering in pre-school children. It examines causes, symptoms and possible treatments. It includes a table.
Paper Outline:
General Description of the Disorder
Stuttering in Pre-school Age Children
Patterns of Stuttering
Assessment of Preschool Disfluent Children
References
From the Paper
"Other factors, such as traumatic events can also disrupt speech patterns, particularly in younger children. Trautman says that there is also some research suggesting that children who have a behaviorally inhibited temperament might be at increased risk for stuttering (e.g. children who appear to be more sensitive to changes and tend to cry more often). In addition, Trauman notes that some parents have reported changes in the fluency of their child's speech after (non-related) treatment with stimulant medications, such as Ritalin (methylphenidate) and some asthma medications."
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Stuttering, 2003.
This paper discusses stuttering, its etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and stereotypes, as seen in the films "Primal Fear" and "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone".
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that stuttering is a complex disorder, with an etiology and severity level that varies from case to case. The author selected ?Harry Potter? and ?Primal Fear? as examples of stuttering stereotypes in films because, in both films, a character faked his disorder to convey a falsehood to people that he hoped to deceive. The paper relates that treating stuttering should be focused on the patient's hearing, seeing, feelings, and the effects the disorder has had on the person?s personality.
Table of Contents
Stereotypes Displayed in Films
?Harry Potter and the Sorcerer?s Stone?
?Primal Fear?
Etiology of Stuttering
Myths, Misconceptions and Multiple Causes
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Parents who are concerned that their preschool-age child may be a stutterer should be aware that what is considered ?normal? dysfluency can occur in ten of every one hundred spoken words. ( More recently, it has been suggested that dysfluencies can be categorized as ?stuttering-like? or ?other?. Stutter-like dysfluencies include blocks, repetitions, and prolongations. Other dysfluencies include interjections, revisions or deserted statements, and repetitions of phrases or multi-syllables."
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Stuttering in Preschool-age Children, 2006.
An overview of this speech disorder in young children.
4,123 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
Stuttering is a communication disorder that interferes with a child's ability to speak fluently. It is characterized by the prolongation or blockage of sound, repetition, syllables or words, and its course can be cyclical, with the frequency and severity of the stuttering changing dramatically over time. This paper provides an overview of stuttering in preschool-age children, including how a stutter develops and how children are assessed.
Paper Outline:
General Description of the Disorder
Stuttering in Preschool-age Children
Patterns of Stuttering
Development of a Stutter
Assessment of Preschool Disfluent Children
Predictive Factors of Preschool Children Who Will Have Persistent Stuttering
References
From the Paper
"Trautman says that there is also some research suggesting that children who have a behaviorally inhibited temperament might be at increased risk for stuttering (e.g. children who appear to be more sensitive to changes and tend to cry more often). In addition, Trauman notes that some parents have reported changes in the fluency of their child's speech after (non-related) treatment with stimulant medications, such as Ritalin (methylphenidate) and some asthma medications. However, she says that she knows of no clinical evidence supporting these observations."
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Stuttering, 2007.
An analysis of the incidence, treatment and implications of stuttering for the adult male.
1,297 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the incidence of stuttering is low and usually resolves itself by the time an individual reaches adulthood. The paper relates that five times as many men as women stutter, a factor that has led some researchers to conclude that there is a powerful cultural element at play. The paper shows that while stuttering cannot be cured in the traditional sense, adult stutterers today can obtain formal fluency training assistance and can make the fundamental changes in thinking that may have contributed to the onset of the problem from the outset.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Stuttering, or dysphemia (the term is seldom used) (Wingate, 1997), is a speech defect that affects both the fluency and rhythm of speech; the condition is characterized by involuntary repetition of sounds or syllables and the intermittent blocking or prolongation of sounds, syllables, and words (Gibbons & Sims, 2006). There appears to be some type of anticipatory element involved in stuttering, with adult stutterers being able to accurately predict 95 percent of the words over which they will stutter in reading aloud a given passage before doing so; this factor has led some researchers to believe that when adult stutterers anticipate having problems with certain words, it acts like a self-fulfilling prophecy that actually produces the stuttering (Gibbons & Sims, 2006)."
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Stuttering, 2002.
This paper discusses the treatment of childhood stuttering.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 14 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines current approaches to stuttering and strategies towards its correction especially Behavior Modification approaches. The paper stresses the need for parental involvement. The author relates the ongoing 'mystery' of stuttering despite the known need to treat it actively.
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Stuttering, 1992.
An analysis of the causes, definition and treatment of stuttering.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 26 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Stuttering: An Overview
This research reviews the speech disorder of stuttering. In this research, the emphasis is placed on theories concerning the causes of stuttering.
Defining Stuttering
Stuttering is the word most frequently used in the United States to describe the disorder, while stammering is the word used most frequently in the United Kingdom (Byrne, 1989). There is no difference between stuttering and stammering (Byrne, 1989).
Stuttering is "speech which is hesitant, stumbling, tense or jerky to the extent that it causes anxiety to the speaker and/or the listener" (Byrne, 1989, p. 1). There is no single speech behavior which may be designated as the definition of a stutter (Byrne, 1989..."
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Stuttering, 2000.
A description, associated psychological features, onset, diagnosis and treatment.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 23.95
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From the Paper
"Stuttering
Introduction
This research paper provides a description of stuttering. Three sections discussed include the following: description of the disorder; differential diagnoses; and treatment.
Description of The Disorder
The main feature of the diagnosis, stuttering, is a disturbance of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age, that is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds. Other speech dysfluencies such as interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, monosyllabic whole word repetitions, and words with excess physical tension, might be involved. Disturbances..."
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Stuttering, 2000.
Its causes, theories, treatment and impact on a child's oral reading skills.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This paper examines the speech disorder of stuttering, defining the disorder and outlining some of the theories as to what causes it. After summarizing a number of the therapies that have met with success in treating stuttering, the author examines how this particular and complex disorder can affect a child?s oral reading skills.
Stuttering is a speech disorder with which most people are relatively familiar as it is not uncommon in both children and adults. Stuttering is a type of disfluency, a speech disorder characterized by repetitions of sounds, syllables or even entire words and phrases, by blocking of (usually initial) sounds or syllables, by prolongation of sounds or by fragmentation of phrases (Eisenson, 1986, p. 63)...."
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Language Disorders, 2005.
This paper discusses the application of technology to the management of language disorders in the elementary school classroom.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that language disorders occur when the communication of the child places him or her significantly behind his or her peers in the acquisition of speech or language skills, such as stuttering, phonological disorders or an impairment in the ability to understand or use words in context, both verbally and non-verbally. The author describes the use of computer technology for word processing, communication and the development of sophisticated devices to help students with specific learning and emotional disorders keep up with their non-disabled peers. The paper outlines a procedure for managing the use of a classroom computer.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Language Disorders
Language Disorders in the Classroom
Technology and Language Disorders
Classroom Management
From the Paper
"There are a number of elements teachers should consider in adapting the classroom for technology to aid students with language disorders. It is noted that time spent on planning will pay off when it comes to integrating technology into the classroom. For one thing, it can be very important where the computer is located, and it should be placed close to the teacher's desk, facing away from other pupils to avoid distractions and to facilitate the teacher who is monitoring the pupil's work on the computer. The teacher will want to keep a check on the pupil's use of the computer and so should set up a monitoring system with a pupil sign-in sheet or a checklist to be ticked off at the end of the session."
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Tourette's Syndrome (TS), 2005.
A discussion on the problems of language development in children with Tourette's syndrome (TS).
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Tourette's syndrome, a neurological disorder, often characterized by facial and body tics, which control the involuntary speech muscles resulting in random sounds, words, grunting and even barking. It suggests teacher interventions for some of the language effects of TS such as fluency failure or stuttering, echolalia, and coprolalia, the use of socially inappropriate language.
From the Paper
"Children with TS are having such a hard time controlling the tics and are worried with what others may think it keeps them from paying attention and interferes with verbal communication with the teacher. Some suggestions from this article include giving the student preferential seating near the teacher so the student may ask questions subtly and the teacher may monitor for verbal understanding and progress of instruction. Another suggestion is to pair verbal instruction with visuals, such as overheads, demonstrations, or samples of completed work, to enhance the student's understanding. Many students are more likely to remember what they see and do rather than what they only hear. Encourage students with vocal tics to drink water throughout the day to prevent throat dryness. All students in the class can have a water bottle or cup at their work area so as not to accentuate a difference in the student with TS."
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Shakespeare's Blue Collars, 2003.
A study of the 'blue collar workers' in William Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream".
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This study personifies the characteristics of all of the 'blue collar workers' in "A Midsummer Night's Dream", from the stuttering of Snug the Joiner to the arrogance of Nick Bottom, the weaver.
From the Paper
"William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedic play of many plots that supports the themes that love is blind and that when in love one becomes very foolish. These themes are supported by all the characters in the play who are teased by a group of fairies who contaminate their victim's bodies with love potions to make them love other people. There are three main groups of people in the play fairies, royalty, and then at the bottom there are the mechanicals. Absurd, distasteful, rude, and above all of these stupid, men who are brought together by a mechanical Peter Quince who is assigned to produce a play entitled Pyramus and Thisbe to be executed after the marriage of the Duke."
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