| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "STERILIZATION MENTALLY HANDICAPPED": |
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Sterilization of the Mentally Handicapped, 2006.
A position paper arguing that it is immoral and an infringement of civil rights to sterilize the mentally disabled.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of Leilani Muir who learned during her twenties that she could never have children. She was unable to have children because six years earlier, in 1959, she had been sterilized under an Alberta government Act that qualified her for sterilization when she was admitted to a provincial training school for mental defectives. The paper explains that at the same time that Muir was sterilized, other mentally disabled women and men also endured other research procedures concerned with reproduction. The paper then goes on to argue that the sterilization and confinement that Muir suffered is clearly immoral and were an infringement of her civil rights.
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Sterilization of Mentally Retarded People, 2004.
A look at the moral and ethical issues surrounding the sterilization of mentally retarded people.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history surrounding the controversial issue of sterilization of mentally retarded people. Discussed is the concept of eugenics, which was adapted by the Nazis. This practice in modern history is also examined. Current ethical attitudes to this belief are explored in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The main ethical issue surrounding involuntary sterilization of ethical people has historically concerned whether the surgery was best for the society in which they lived. Whether it was best for the mentally retarded person seemed, throughout most of the history of the ?eugenics? movement, which legitimized the procedure, to be only a distant secondary consideration. If it seems barbaric today, however, and it would seem to take a lot of bending of ethical precepts to find a justification for the procedure, one need not look too far back in world or even U.S. history to find abundant proof that it was regarded as morally and ethically appropriate."
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The Church and Sterilization, 2002.
A research paper on the ethical and religious issues associated with sterilization.
3,768 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an introduction to sterilization and includes some brief information on the medical implications of sterilizing either parent in order to prevent pregnancy. The writer believes that terminating pregnancy, either before conception or even at the sterilization stage presents a number of dilemmas. The paper also provides research on the Roman Catholic ethical teachings pertaining to this issue.
Contents:
Female sterilization
The Drawbacks of Sterilization in Women
Male Sterilization
Disadvantages in Male Sterilization
Material Cooperation
Prudential Judgment
Excerpts from the Bible
From the Paper
"To sterilize someone means to carry out a procedure in such a way, that the outcome results in the person becoming infertile, or emasculated. This means that whoever this procedure is performed on, will not be able to produce children while being sterilized. Not only is this procedure performed on women, but it is also performed on men as well. As there are different methods in sterilizing someone, it can be done on a temporary, as well as a permanent basis. Therefore, one should contemplate on his or her own situation very prudently before deciding on either one. This procedure, called "tubal ligation" in women and "vasectomy" in men, is designed to be a permanent removal of fertility."
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Mass Sterilization in Puerto Rico, 2001.
A look at the practice of female sterilization in Puerto Rico.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various aspects, circumstances, and effects of female sterilization in Puerto Rico, one of the most effectual and prevalent examples of a eugenics program throughout history whereby almost one-third of Puerto Rico?s female population were sterilized under the banner of birth control.
From the Paper
"The historic and social conditions--medical, political, legal, and religious?that were conducive to the mass sterilization movement in Puerto Rico are significant. For decades, the United States blamed overpopulation for economic problems, unemployment, and poverty in Puerto Rico, while ignoring the fact that they (the U.S) have played an enormous role in generating and solidifying these conditions (Michaelson 1981). As a result, non-official programs with the intent of distributing birth control information and educating families about the need for practices were implemented in the 1920s (Presser 1973). With the population of Puerto Rico being over eighty percent Catholic, providing these services to prevent pregnancy was a felony until the 1930s. This strong opposition from the Catholic Church, unfavorable legal status of birth control, a disinterested public, and insufficient federal funding from the United States, prevented these early programs from becoming triumphant."
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Forced Sterilization, 1999.
A discussion of the reasons for, the legality of, ethics, human rights issues and the role of the Government in forced sterilization as well as its applicability and related technology.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
" Forced contraception has been suggested as a legal means to address certain social problems, specifically to prevent women convicted of child abuse or drug abuse from having more children. The technical means to achieve this end are currently available without recourse to the more intrusive and permanent process of sterilization, which has been used in the past.
From the Paper
" Forced contraception has been suggested as a legal means to address certain social problems, specifically to prevent women convicted of child abuse or drug abuse from having more children. The technical means to achieve this end are currently available without recourse to the more intrusive and permanent process of sterilization, which has been used in the past. Norplant is the name of the device that can be implanted in the arm and that can prevent pregnancy. The issue has engendered considerable argument, with opponents seeing this as an unnecessary and unwarranted government invasion or as the precursor to an even more widespread use of this method for preventing different groups of people from having children--those on welfare, for instance, or people convicted of crime having nothing to do with children. Proponents see this as a necessary step to protect..."
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Mainstreaming Handicapped Children, 2004.
Position paper arguing the benefits of mainstreaming handicapped children in an educational setting.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that mainstreaming handicapped children is appropriate and beneficial to all students. The paper also examines existing literature on the topic in order to determine the most effective method of mainstreaming as well as how to improve upon the process.
From the Paper
"In education, the practice of teaching mentally or emotionally handicapped children in regular classrooms with non-handicapped children is known as mainstreaming. There has been an increasing interest in this practice since the 1960s due to numerous factors. For example, recent research shows that many handicapped students learned better in regular than in special classes. In addition, there have been charges that racial imbalances existed in special education classes. The federal Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, which states that all handicapped children have the right to a ?free and appropriate? education in the ?least restrictive environment,? has been frequently interpreted as supporting the expansion of mainstreaming (Columbia University Press, 2003)."
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Handicapped Characters in Contemporary Fiction, 2007.
A research proposal for examining the effects of a handicap on character development in modern fiction.
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal to show how handicapped characters are treated throughout fiction works. The proposed study will explore books, stories, television shows and movies, mostly those that are designed for children, over a certain time period. This is in order to determine the way that handicapped characters evolve, the way that they are treated and whether there are more handicapped characters today than there were previously.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
From the Paper
"Fictional characters have been around for hundreds of years, but very few of these characters have had any kind of noticeable handicap. It is necessary, therefore, to understand why this is the case and what it means for society, as well as to discuss the characters that are handicapped in order to determine information about them, their handicaps, and why they were chosen over others. The topic is relatively wide, and therefore it must be narrowed down somewhat. For purposes of this research proposal the examination of contemporary literature and handicapped characters will be limited to American literature in the late 20th century with specific emphasis on several books/authors."
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Compulsory Sterilization and Reproductive Rights, 2001.
An extensive historical overview of the compulsory sterilization laws, their effect on modern policy and their impact on women's rights in the United States.
3,165 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper outlines the history of eugenic policies against mentally disabled persons in the United States since the beginning of the 20th century and examines how such policies have been expanded to include minorities, especially poor women. It show these eugenic policies continue in the United States today via limitations on the reproductive rights of welfare recipients. The paper includes explanations of fallacies of arguments used to support these policies, and concludes that these policies unfairly discriminate against women.
From the Paper
"While the horrors committed in Nazi Germany forced the United States to reevaluate some of its more extreme eugenic tendencies, policymakers have failed to this day to examine some of the most basic ideologies that led to the original adoption of the eugenic measures. Unfortunately, the history of forced sterilization in the United States in the twentieth century continues to the present day, even to the point of pervading the debate on welfare reform. These arguments about the control of the reproductive rights of women receiving welfare aid are detrimental to the rights of women. It is therefore necessary that issues concerning the reproductive rights of women receiving welfare be eliminated from all discourse on the topic of welfare ?reform.?
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The Education of Handicapped Children, 1990.
This paper discusses Public Law 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act): mainstreaming, assessment, training of personnel, provisions of PL 94-142 and implementation.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The needs of special children with problems in development and learning is an issue gaining increased awareness among educators. A number of factors have contributed to this growing recognition of the need for evaluation and treatment services in educational as well as rehabilitative settings. One of these factors is a variety of advocacy efforts and legal actions taken by parents on behalf of special children. A second factor, which has grown out of such legal actions, has been the enactment of legislative bills by state and federal governments. Of these, the passage of Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, in 1975 represents the most comprehensive acknowledgement of the educational rights of special children.
PL 94-142 is an education law which guarantees educational ... "
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The Treatment of Mentally Handicapped People, 2001.
This paper describes the treatment received by mentally handicapped people in western Canada during the years 1812-1914.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a general history of mental illness and treatment thereof and then focuses on the treatment of mental patients in Western Canada in 1812-1914. It explains that one of the main sources for this information was from The Alberta Heritage Digitization Project which is a website documenting Canada's history. It examines the efficiency of such a source and the accuracy of the information.
From the Paper
"Mental illness can be defined as ?a disease of the mind which incorporates any illness, disorder or abnormal condition which impairs the human mind and its functioning, excluding however self-induced states of alcohol or drugs as well as transitory mental states such as hysteria or concussion? (Saunders, 1996). Mentally handicapped people and the challenges that they experience can be found under section 16 of the Criminal Code. One can see that the definition makes it clear that for an accused to be mentally challenged he/she must not be able to think clearly at the time of the offense and so had no idea about the nature of the act that he/she was committing. This explanation can be extended to other walks of life where mentally handicapped people often carry out tasks that are deemed unsuitable by the society but they have no idea about the inappropriate nature of those acts. In Canada the law requires that the accused persons should have fully knowledge of the act and that what they did was inherently against the law. It has often been assumed that those people suffering from a mental disorder usually turn out to be criminals."
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Employment for the Handicapped, 2005.
This paper discusses issues of employment for the psychologically handicapped.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that employment, to a very large degree, determines how well any individual will maintain independence in society, which is an important goal for the emotional disabled and is a factor in the determination of the degree of recovery from severe symptomology. The author points out that there had been a trend in favor of full disclosure of a person's psychological history, but this is clearly no longer the case as new legal rulings are changing the manner in which the Americans with Disabilities Act is used to determine disabilities. The paper relates that the rehabilitation counselor can advise his or her client based on the degree to which the impairment is controlled and the potential degree to which the impairment could interfere with the individual's ability to perform his or her duties
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Americans with Disabilities Act has recently gone through some fundamental changes, which shift the burden of proof onto the impaired person and seriously change the way in which mental illness is regarded in the work place. "Since the ADA became effective in 1992, the U.S. Supreme Court generally has been supportive of individuals pursuing ADA claims..." Yet, three court ruling have changed the climate of claiming disability discrimination under ADA, as they have stated that the disability must be proven in a corrected state, meaning if some reasonable accommodation or medical treatment, such as medication can allow a person to perform job tasks effectively then they cannot be considered disabled."
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Animals and The Handicapped, 1995.
This paper examines scientific research about animal intelligence and communication in relation to human language development so that the animals can assist the mentally and physically handicapped.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Animals possess sight and auditory abilities, but lack language; nevertheless, they are capable of thought. Granted, the development of language is often used as a gauge of mental aptitude in humans: "Language competence is intimately tied to, or maybe even definitive of, our concept of human mentality" However, while language is an asset which enables people to conceptualize their world, it is by no means a necessity. This is demonstrated by the ability of physically handicapped persons (e.g., the deaf) and mentally handicapped persons (e.g., victims of cerebral palsy) to communicate using symbols. It is also demonstrated by the reliance on kinesics, body language, in young children. Numerous studies attest to the ability of apes and baboons to communicate using symbols and body language. These studies are the first ... "
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Handicapped Characters in Contemporary Fiction, 2007.
This paper studies the effect that a handicap has on the development of the disabled characters in contemporary fiction.
1,618 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the development of the characters with handicaps in works of fiction is analyzed and attention is paid to how much these particular characters have been influenced by the disabilities that they have. Whether these characters have been affected in a positive or negative way is also a point of consideration. The writer notes that unfortunately, it appears that there has not been that much attention paid to handicapped or disabled characters within the realm of contemporary fiction, but there are more characters with disabilities than is first realized. The writer maintains that the idea that more handicaps and limitations are appearing in fiction today is actually very promising, because it shows that there is more recognition of the fact that these problems do exist within society and they should be recognized and addressed.
From the Paper
"It does not appear that a study on this issue has been performed in the past, which is both good and bad, and is discussed within the confines of the methodology. Here, however, it is important to address the literature that is available and the information that it provides. From Tom Hanks' portrayal of Forrest Gump in the movie of the same name to the wheelchair-bound policeman on Cartoon Network's animated show 'Family Guy,' handicapped people, with both mental and physical impairments, are showing up in various works of fiction. However, it is not just whether they appear that is important, but how they are portrayed and whether they evolve throughout the course of the fiction, or whether they simple remain the same types of background characters that they often are in the beginning."
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Capital Punishment of the Mentally Handicapped, 2008.
A review of "Of Mice and Men," written by John Steinbeck and the question of whether mentally retarded individuals should receive capital punishment.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial issue of whether mentally retarded individuals should receive capital punishment for criminal offenses. It analyzes the book "Of Mice and Men," written by John Steinbeck, in order to illustrate these points. The paper discusses the outcome in the novel and questions the attitudes that are revealed in the book. It also describes how the character may have been dealt with differently in today's world.
From the Paper
"Many people believe that the mentally retarded should receive capital punishment if they murder a person and can be considered dangerous. Harrison Kane believes that a mentally retarded individual should receive punishment if it is "deemed equitable, just, and proportional if it fits the harm done by the offender and his or her established level of culpability" ((31). Kane states that IQ is a factor in whether a person should receive the death sentence, but it should not be the only factor. Perhaps Kane would have felt that Lennie should receive the death penalty because he could be considered dangerous because he killed a mouse, a dog, and a human. However, did Lennie know that he was going to kill these?"
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Self-Handicapping, 2004.
This paper discusses the theories surrounding the concept of self-handicapping.
3,940 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Berglas and Jones? self-handicapping theory states that people will do things to make their success in something else unlikely. The author pointed out that, when Kolditz and Arkin replicated Berglas and Jones?s study with attempted measures of increased privacy, they came to more firm conclusions about the effect of privacy or publicity on self-handicapping. The paper relates that self-handicapping is a hard theory to study because no researcher will ever be able to replicate in a laboratory the conditions an individual is in when he or she chooses to self-handicap by partying and drinking the night before a test.
Table of Contents
A Review of the Literature
Berglas and Jones: The First Self-Handicapping Study
Improving on Berglas and Jones: The Kolditz and Arkin Study
?Alcohol Consumption as a Self-Handicapping Strategy?
Taking Self-Handicapping in another Direction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This study, ran in 1981 by Tucker, Vuchinich, and Sobell, again used essentially the same experimental design as Berglass and Jones, with the exception that alcohol was used instead of drugs. They ran two experiments to investigate self-handicapping hypotheses made by Berglas and Jones with regards to actual alcohol consumption. They hypothesized that in both experiments subjects? alcohol consumption would vary directly with their uncertainty about their ability to succeed in a retest situation like the Berglas and Jones experiment. In the first experiment, test difficulty (solvable or insolvable problems) and performance feedback (success or no feedback) were manipulated as they were in Berglas and Jones?s second experiment. Tucker and his co-researchers also manipulated the instructions given to subjects about the next test, telling them it would either be the same or more difficult."
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