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Steps to Corporate Integration (Merger), 2006.
A review of the necessary steps in corporate integration.
1,215 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper lists, reviews and discusses the steps to be taking when merging companies. The paper reports that many mergers end in failure, which is why it is imperative that companies perform proper due diligence.
Outline:
Step 1: Pre-Merger Goals
Step 2: A General Meeting: Showing Executive Leadership
Step 3: Creating Positive Group Behavior
Step 4: Focusing on Refining the Organizational Structure
Step 5: Redefining the Corporate Culture
From the Paper
"At this time, further consolidation of departments to save costs may be necessary--for instance, combining public relations with communications--or, conversely, creating new departments to serve the needs of the new entity. A commitment to organizational development as well as change must be made, as the company gains a better sense of where it wishes to head into the future. Ideally, communications department staff members should make an effort to begin to express this idea to shareholders and the public, as well as internal members of the staff as was done in Step 2. Developing the corporate website and company intranet to facilitate communication on all levels will also be an aid in creating channels to voice concerns and new ideas and dialogue."
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Cultural Integration in Company Mergers, 2007.
An analysis of the issues surrounding cultural integration during international company mergers.
3,703 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of cultural and communication problems associated with the mergers of international multi-cultural European companies. The paper addresses corporate culture integration issues, integrating persons of different nationalities, communication in a multi-lingual environment and with people of different ages and genders and HR practices and benefits harmonization. It then discusses applicable management and communication theories.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Why Mergers?
Reasons for Failure of Mergers
Attributes Needed by Companies Today
Moving Into New Markets
Corporate Culture - Integration Issues
HR - The International M&A
Communication During the Merger and Acquisition Process
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the international merger and acquisition there are many thing that must be given vital consideration as this work has shown. There are pre-merger considerations as well as considerations during and after the merger in terms of integration, communication, and the responsibilities that HR has in terms of harmonization in the merged corporation. This work has listed the foremost reason for failures of mergers and as well has stated what can be done to avoid these failures. The organization must understand the rationale or strategy that underpins the deal as well as the external constraints and opportunities that exist. It is critical that cultural due diligence be carried out and that this be done prior to the merger in effecting programs for integration that can be put into action immediately after the merger. New management teams need to be appointed quickly and at all levels and at the same time realistic synergy targets must be identified. It is necessary that communication be both consistent and truthful and that the company realize that HR is integral to the merger and acquisition process. While learning the languages that exist in the multilingual environment are preferable, this is not always possible and the use of interpreters is both effective and successful as a means of communication. "
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Corporate Mergers and Their Impact On Society, 2003.
A call for corporate policy reform due to the negative impact of corporate mergers on society.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Massive corporate mergers are becoming increasingly commonplace in 21st-century America. As one huge merger follows another, the benefits for owners and investors are obvious. The paper argues, however, that for our society as a whole, the consequences seem far less beneficial. When too many large corporations merge, competition is reduced, consequently denying consumers a variety of benefits that they are entitled to in our allegedly free market system. The paper argues that the lack of price reduction and innovation are the two most prominent detriments to society in the face of these industry oligarchies. Because one company owns many businesses, the businesses are all run in virtually the same way, leaving very little room for creativity or competition.
From the Paper
"Time Warner's recent merger with Turner broadcasting created the largest media company in the world. It now owns cable distribution, cable channels, production, music publishing, book and magazine publishing, retail interests, film production and theater chains. An example of possible problems: the 1996 controversy over Time Warner's cable provider not wanting to distribute Fox's 24 hour news channel, a competitor with Turner's CNN. Another example is The Disney/Cap Cities/ABC merger, which combines cable, merchandising, theme park, production, film and local media outlets (Barnou, 1999)."
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Corporate Mergers and the Public Good, 2005.
A look at the social consequences of the rash of corporate mergers that took place in America at the end of the 19th century.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how the onslaught of corporate mergers at the end of the 19th century transformed the social landscape of American and, ultimately, formed the America of today with all of its social safety nets.
From the Paper
"The United States of America, during the last years of the Nineteenth Century, witnessed a rash of corporate mergers. The Industrial Revolution had taken firm hold, and the nation was changing rapidly. Millions of Americans who had once been independent farmers or tradesmen now found themselves in the position of what some termed "wage slaves." At the mercy of their corporate employers, they worked long hours at low pay, and often under appalling conditions. The reasons for the merger mania of this period are many and complex, as are its effects upon the population as a whole. In breaking down the traditional vocational environment, the gigantic new conglomerates also transformed the entire social landscape. Work was no longer a family business shared by all generations. Communities no longer clung together for mutual protection and aid. Suddenly, the citizen of this new world was out on his own. He did what he was told and hoped for the best, though what was deemed the best often fell far short of what was desirable. The corporate juggernaut spawned its own adversaries, corporate greed feeding the new union movement as exploited workers fought for basic rights."
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Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions, 2005.
This paper discusses corporate mergers and acquisitions including several examples.
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a merger occurs when two different companies agree to join their forces to develop a bigger company; whereas, an acquisition occurs when one company takes over another company. The author points out that mergers and acquisitions provide a means of accessing new markets, technology and business operations, of obtaining cost savings and of providing an opportunity for competitors to survive in a highly competitive market by joining forces. The paper reviews the merger between Sprint and Nextel Communication Inc. to form Sprint Nextel Corporation and the acquisition of Storage Technology Corporation by Sun Microsystems and Paradyne Networks Inc, by Zhone Technologies.
From the Paper
"Other sources of efficiencies may come from the introduction of new products, development of more efficient processes or improvement of product quality or service. It is however very difficult for the firms to find out in advance whether there will be any savings due to mergers, as these can be only judged after the entire merger process is completed. Another problem in minimizing costs comes from cultural differences between the companies or their styles of management. Even if there is weak competition, the need for cost savings are not realized and thus not achieved."
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Distributive Justice and the Issue of Corporate Mergers and Takeovers, 2002.
The paper discusses several theories of economic justice and examines the topic of distributive justice in relation to the conflicts that arise within corporate mergers and takeovers.
3,391 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
The writer looks into the consequences of the merger wave and how those consequences will eventually impact the allocation of private and social goods and services to individuals in our communities. The paper defines the terms and analyses the potentially dangerous outcome of the growth of large corporations.
From the Paper
"Several philosophers have gone beyond merely considering the foregoing concepts of justice and principles of distribution, to develop alternative theories of justice in economic distribution in which these concepts and principles " . . . can be assessed and then modified, discarded or defended." Let me now begin a discussion of these economic theories, namely, the views of utilitarianism and libertarianism, as well as John Rawls's ideas about distributive justice. Thereafter, I will examine Rawls's theory of justice more closely and consider the arguments in favor of and in opposition to his primary propositions."
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The Daimler-Benz/Chrysler Corporation Merger, 2002.
This paper examines the merger of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler Corporation and the ramifications brought about by this organizational change.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that when Daimler-Benz and Chrysler Corporation announced their merger, much was made of the synergy which would result from the combination of these two automotive giants. However, the results of the merger have been less positive than originally anticipated. The author points out that one of the problems is that the companies came from two different countries and cultures. The author concludes that an integration plan would have helped the organization avoid some of the problems that it has encountered.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Description of Organizations
Expectations of Merger
Changes Brought About by Merger
Resistance to Change
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Initially, the goal was to integrate the two companies as quickly as possible, and the company was run with two co-chairmen: Juergen Schrempp (of Daimler) and Robert Eaton (of Chrysler). This co-chairmanship was designed to help allay fears that the company would be undergoing significant shifts in corporate culture immediately. However, the company also established the Automotive Council, which is a panel of executives from the company's three separate automotive divisions. The Automotive Council is responsible for finding ways to combine operations and achieve significant savings from the synergies which are expected to result from the merger. Merger savings of $1.4 billion realized during the first year of the merger are generally attributed to short-term projects."
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| Term Paper # 24537 |
temporarily unavailable
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Step by Step Therapeutic Technique as a Proposal for Change, 2008.
A discussion and overview of reality therapy as a therapeutic technique.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper describes techniques used by reality therapy to help the patient change his behavior to fulfill his needs. The paper explains that the focus of reality therapy is behavior, not attitude, insight, feelings, one's part, or unconscious motivation. The paper further relates that there are six essential steps taken in reality therapy to bring about change and then discusses the type of relationship required for reality therapy between the client and therapist.
Outline:
Reality Therapy as a Therapeutic Technique
Description
Overview
Essential steps
From the Paper
" Reality therapy is an active, directive, and didactic model for change that stresses the person's present behavior. A basic tenet of reality therapy is that individuals are responsible for their own behavior. It is s common sense approach and can be used by a wide variety of persons as well as highly trained professionals.
"The focus of reality therapy is behavior, not attitude, insight, feelings, one's part, or unconscious motivation. This model refutes the medical model and encourages positive growth and success. It concentrates on what the clients can do practically to change behavior to fulfill their needs. The client is asked to identify wants and needs. They are asked to evaluate their behavior, formulate a plan for change, and follow through with their plan."
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Shell Corporate Governance, 2004.
A look at the structure of corporate governance of Shell when the parent companies were merged and the advantages and disadvantages for the corporate governance structure of Shell after the merger.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines corporate governance since Shell became a fusion of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company, located in the Netherlands, and the Shell Company, based in the United Kingdom. It analyzes the merits of the British and Dutch systems of the newly merged company and looks at how, despite reservations on both sides, the Dutch structure of corporate governance is best to use as the model for the Shell of the future.
From the Paper
"The decision to dilute the British Shell?s dual listed corporate structure is likely to arouse concern among those who feel that a decision to merge the two parents would leave the Dutch arm with excessive management control over the company?s British interests. The British shareholders of Shell in particular feared that when the parent companies were merged the Netherlands system of monitoring would have a paramount influence. After the merger, the member of the board of directors and board of management are now to be appointed by both nation?s shareholders, and the Dutch section of the company will be continued to be monitored by the supervisory tier of its corporate structure, including the company?s transparency and disclosure change."
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The Multinational Corporate Structure, 2005.
This paper evaluates the multinational corporate structure in the face of the internet's enormous potential for extending a corporation's presence throughout the world.
3,355 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the trend toward establishing an internet presence is becoming more and more popular as companies move to position themselves to compete more efficiently on a national and international basis as demonstrated recently by the merger between America Online and Time Life. The author points out that the flexibility provided by the internet for marketing goods and services makes it the perfect tool for the multi-national corporation because tele-conferencing, facsimile machines and e-mail practically eliminate the need for a company to invest in the physical presence of their employees in another country. The paper concludes that the combination of corporations into mega-corporation structures, which compete on a global basis through the internet and with other telecommunications technology, will provide a "synergistic" effect by giving these mega-corporations the resources to accomplish much more than their components could accomplish individually.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is a Multi-National Corporation?
Trends in Multi-National Corporate Structure
Disadvantages of Multi-National Corporate Structure
Summary
The Internet Revolution and Multinational Marketing
Advantages of Telecommunications for the Multi-National Corporation Conclusion
From the Paper
"An example of the key problem according to this report is that of Intel's foreign operations in certain countries. Intel will lose "35 cents on the dollar to U.S. taxes, money that could be spent on critical research, while a Japanese competitor keeps the entire dollar. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out who's going to win that battle, Perlman said." Other corporations ,which are calling for changes in the tax code to create a level global playing field, include Caterpillar Inc., a major player in the multinational heavy equipment market and newly merged with automaker Daimler Chrysler Corp. and Swiss-based engineering company ABB Inc. Caterpillar feels its global competitiveness is being adversely affected by U.S. tax laws. "If we are to maintain our philosophy of build it here and sell it there, we need a modern tax policy that is consistent with our global focus," said Robin Beran, assistant treasurer at Caterpillar. The companies targeted for improvement the complexity of the U.S. code, the need to treat the 15-country European Union as one entity and the double income taxation triggered by many operations abroad despite U.S. credits for taxes paid to foreign countries."
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Mergers and Acquisitions, 2004.
A study value impact of post-integration activities from mergers and acquisitions.
20,780 words (approx. 83.1 pages), 49 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the factors leading to a successful merger or acquisition by emphasizing the importance of securing post-merger revenue streams. It aims to develop sound strategies for growth through mergers and acquisitions (M&A), methods to optimize the process, and most importantly, how to achieve synergy and value creation through business integration that results in enhanced shareholders value and sustainable economic growth. It concludes by providing recommendations on how to successfully deal with the many aspects pertaining to the M&A process and presents the author?s view on future developments that could have a significant bearing on value creation for shareholders and other stakeholders through M&A.
Outline
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Drivers and Motives for Mergers and Acquisitions
Phases of M&A
Reasons Why Value is Destroyed
Case Studies
Summary
Chapter 3 Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Summary
Chapter 4 Data Analysis
Case Study
Measuring Performance
Adding Value to M&A
Measuring Risk
Mergers & Acquisitions vs. Value Chain Improvement
M&A Case Study: Maximizing Shareholder Value
Keys to Succeeding in M&A
The Importance of Leadership in M&A
Lack of Attention to Leadership in M&A Literature
How Leadership is Addressed in Existing M&A Literature
A Model of Leadership Applied to M&A
Value Driver Analysis
Securing Stakeholder Support
Chapter 5 Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions
Creating Shareholder Value With M&A
Achieving Value Creation and Synergies
Recommendations
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A recent study shows that the majority of the M&As were initiated to expand the market. Other motives included diversification, technology acquisition, and vertical integration. In addition, M&As for technology-acquiring purposes were associated with the highest abnormal returns, while vertical M&As were least favored by the market, ending up destroying shareholder wealth. The results make sense because acquiring advanced technology enhances a firm?s competitiveness, leading to greater firm value. In fact, high-tech industries have been serving as the main driving force behind Taiwanese economic development over the past several years. M&As provide Taiwanese corporations with a faster and more cost efficient way of acquiring highly advanced technology that would otherwise required a longer length of time and more expenditures to develop in-house."
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Integration of the European Union, 2004.
Discusses the statement: "European integration only proceeds if and as far as it is in the interest of member state governments".
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
Since the end of World War II, Europe has experienced a strong development towards European integration. However, this development towards a unified Europe has not been without any conflicts and interruptions. The European Union with its common policies has been rather the result of a long, troublesome and complex procedure of integration. There is one view which reasons this is due to the fact that European integration only proceeds where and as far as it is in the interest of member state governments. This essay discusses this view by analyzing the most significant theories on European integration. Furthermore, the paper takes the Economic Monetary Union (EMU) as an example in order to show how the specific theories actually manifested themselves in practice.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
II. Theories of Integration
1. Intergovernmentalism
1.1. Theory of Intergovernmentalism
1.1.1. Rising Interdependence
1.1.2. Domestic Politics and National Preference Formation
1.1.3. Intergovernmental Bargaining
1.1.4. Delegation to Supranational Authorities and Consolidation
1.2. The Establishment of the EMU from the Intergovernmentalist Perspective
1.2.1. Rising Economic Interdependence
1.2.2. European Monetary System (EMS)
1.2.3. The Transition to EMU
1.2.4. Delegation to the European Central Bank (ECB)
2. Neofunctionalism
2.1. Theory of Neofunctionalism
2.1.1. Spill-over Effects
2.1.2. Institutionalization
2.2. The Establishment of the EMU from the Neofunctionalist Perspective
2.2.1. EMU as the Result of Political and Functional Spill-over
2.2.2. EMU as the Result of Institutionalization
2.2.3. Enlargement of EMU due to Geographical Spill-over
III. Conclusion
IV. Reference List
From the Paper
"The plan for the implementation of the EMU was also the result of intergovernmental bargaining. In the Maastricht Treaty, all participating member state executives agreed on the implementation of the EMU. The idea of Genscher, the foreign minister of West Germany, that monetary union "should be fully institutionalised around a single currency and a European central bank" (Levitt, Lord, 2000:45) found agreement in the intergovernmental bargaining. Consequently, state-executives delegated their powers of monetary control to the supranational ECB. Hence, today's ECB with its independence and control of monetary policy is based on the unanimous agreement and interest of its member state governments."
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European Integration, 2004.
Questions whether the experience of European integration since 1985 suggests the triumph of national interest supranationalism.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that neither Western European national interest nor supranationalism has clearly triumphed in the period since 1985, though a case may be made for either as the victor. Using economic integration as an example, the paper begins by discussing how European integration is not intrinsically at odds with national interest. It then describes some of the supranational powers of the European Union and their limits. The paper explains the implications of this using neo-functionalist theory, which sees success in integration of trade and economy as a harbinger of a cooperative future that will include other sectors as well. In contrast, it then explains the federalist viewpoint, which points out the weakness of the EU in not pursuing supranationality strongly enough. The paper concludes that European integration since 1985 suggests powerful national interests, but not triumphant ones.
From the Paper
"In 1995, despite opposition from the EU, France continued its nuclear tests in the Pacific. In 1996, both Britain and Germany refused to join the stabilization force in Albania. Common foreign and security policy failed in these minor actions and failed even more mightily in major actions. Unity was shattered over the conflicts in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Despite the creation of the Rapid Reaction Force (RRF), the EU does not have much centralized military power and states do not act in concert in military affairs."
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Dell's Virtual Integration Vision, 2007.
A look at how Michael Dell is transforming his vision of virtual integration into reality.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Michael Dell's vision of creating a direct selling organization that can quickly customize laptops and PCs, has directly lead to the disintermediation of an entire layer of distribution channels, and with it, transformed the development of supply chain partnerships that could scale to meet Dell's global growth. The paper looks at how Michael Dell's vision of virtual integration forces an entirely new set of dynamics on suppliers, the limited resellers the company relies on, trading partners and the many integration points that the Dell Value chain has both internal and external to the company.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Measuring Progress Towards Virtual Integration
Dell's Areas of Measurements regarding Virtual Integration
The End Game: Dell's Mass Customization Strategy
From the Paper
"The internal culture of Dell is highly focused on analytics and the ability to quickly measure, monitor and modify direction. The fulfillment of the virtual integration vision is only verifiable through an extensive set of analytics, which is exactly what Dell invests heavily in to measure their progress to this goal. Dell specifically concentrates on inventory turns and the Return on Invested Capital, velocities of the small percentage of pre-build configurations through distribution channels, share of market within the government, educational and enterprise markets in addition to many other metrics specifically chosen to measure the efficiency of their e-business strategies, this company has also had to become very centered on metrics. "
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