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Statistics in Educational Research, 2007.
This paper examines the types of statistics used in educational research.
957 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the qualitative versus quantitative issue in educational research. The paper describes the four main purposes to using statistics in educational research. The paper also looks at four types of descriptive statistics and at inferential statistics. The paper addresses the counterbalancing of data.
From the Paper
"Where educational research is concerned, the qualitative versus quantitative issue likely plagues every study that has ever been done, regardless of whether it is qualitative or quantitative in nature, because there are concerns about how each study was carried out. This is largely due to the fact that there are always various arguments and differing opinions as to which one method is better for which type of study. Since most educational studies focus on the qualitative side of things, they do not address statistical figures as much as they would if they were quantitative. Some will see this as a problem with these types of studies, and will want hard and fast data that they can analyze."
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Problems in Statistics Education, 2004.
Critical analysis of a current problem in the field of statistics education.
2,681 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the ways to teach statistics that will best overcome some of the main problems that students encounter while learning statistics and offers solutions to these problems.
From the Paper
"Students do not normally encounter statistics until they are in college--at least not on any kind of practicable level--unless they are in extremely advanced mathematics classes at their high school. Even so, not every high school offers statistics as a course, while almost every college does. Teaching and learning statistics is problematic for most college students and teachers because to learn and understand statistics, it is necessary to first have a grasp of some of the properties and features of higher mathematics. Many college students do not have these skills upon entering college, and many professors assume that they do have these skills when beginning to teach a statistics course."
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Statistical Education, 2004.
An examination of the importance of learning statistics and how it can help in every aspect of life.
3,102 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how, in schools, statistical education is primarily taught in mathematics, yet statistical ideas are used in other subjects, including science and economics. It discusses why teachers and researchers need to constantly work towards improving statistical education, leading to a great deal of research in the field. This paper examines existing research to determine how statistical education research can be improved in the future.
From the Paper
"Statistical education has become an important part of curriculums in all levels of education. At both the undergraduate and graduate levels, statistical literacy is now a key objective in many classrooms. As a result, statistics is now being taught across various disciplines and is rapidly becoming a prerequisite course for graduation, regardless of a student's major. The teaching and learning of statistics has recently increased dramatically in many schools. As a result, many U.S. states now emphasize and include statistical thinking in their statewide curriculum guidelines."
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Statistics, 2005.
A definition of statistics and explanation of the statistical process.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on statistics by explaining the statistical process and the primary purpose of statistical processes and then outlining the best practices for statistical procedures. The paper also explains the purpose of statistics and how they are used for product research.
Introduction
Statistics and Their Importance to Research Investigation
Correct Statistical Processes
Summary
From the Paper
"Before there can exist any intelligent discussion with respect to the topic of statistics one must understand that a statistical process does not stand alone nor does it function without being a part of a much larger plan, namely, research investigation as a whole. Statistics and their accompanying processes are only one such part of the research plan and, as such, must be viewed in totality of purpose over single identification. Without a formidable research plan a statistical process is without merit and akin to discussing how many angles can be placed on the head of a pin. In general, and from a philosophical perspective, the research plans and statistical analysis, according to Ohlson (1998) "...are not unlike an artist's canvas, as they strive to capture forever the intrinsic and observable subject placed before it" (10)."
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Statistics, 2002.
Examines a variety of statistical procedures and shows how statistics analysis company, Polk Company, applies some of them for their analytical objectives.
6,284 words (approx. 25.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 146.95
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Abstract
Statistics refers to the processes of collecting, organizing, analyzing and presenting data in forms usable for policy analysis, decision-making and other important tasks confronting people and organizations in contemporary society. It is within this framework that Polk Company, one of America's oldest and largest consumer marketing firms, operates.
This study considers the application at the Polk Company of 11 tasks associated with the processes of collecting, organizing, analyzing and presenting data. In each instance, the data management or statistical analysis function is defined, the learning process is explained within the context of the Kolb Model, and an illustration of the application of the data management or statistical analysis function is presented. The 11 data management or statistical analysis functions are (1) organizing data, (2) averages and variations, (3) elementary probability theory, (4) normal distribution, (5) binomial distribution, (6) sampling distribution, (7) estimation, (8) hypothesis testing, (9) regression and correlation, (10) chi square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) which is based on the F statistic and (11) non-parametric statistics.
From the Paper
"Type 1 learners, when working with hypotheses, tend to review available data without bias and study and consider the data from a variety of perspectives to develop workable hypotheses related to analytical objectives. Type 2 learners would approach the task by developing theoretical models upon which to base hypotheses, and then study and consider the data from a variety of perspectives in which model best supports the development of workable hypotheses. Type 3 learners would approach the task by developing theoretical models upon which to base hypotheses, and then experiment with alternative hypotheses to determine how best to achieve analytical objectives. Type 4 learners would review available data without bias, and then experiment with alternative hypotheses to determine how best to achieve analytical objectives."
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The American Educational System, 2006.
Argues that the American educational system is in trouble, especially in the high schools.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents statistics that indicate the failure of the American high schools. The author outlines factors that play major roles in the disruption of learning, such as not spending adequate amounts of time on homework as compared to students in other industrialized countries. The paper relates that the teaching methods and pedagogical philosophies applied by teachers and educators have contributed greatly to the breakdown of the American public educational system. The author concludes that, if federal and state governments do not repair this antiquated and destructive way of conducting the educational business of America's students, parents will be forced to seek other ways to educate their children.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Major Disruptive Influences
Exterior Influences
Traditional Values
Television and Other Technologies
Teaching Methods
Uncreative Behavior
Negative Reinforcement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the most important major disruptive influences on the current status of the American public education system is related to the power of events that occur outside of the school environment. Dr. Lawrence Wilson contends that one of these powerful events is the breakdown of the American family. He states that since "parents often work and (spend) less time with their children, the school system then must substitute or compensate for less parental attention", which only decreases the amount of time the school system can apply to teaching academics."
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Statistics Anxiety, 2006.
A research paper on how statistics anxiety affects graduate students in the social sciences.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
Statistics anxiety has been defined simply as anxiety that occurs as a result of encountering statistics in any form and at any level. The paper shows that higher anxiety in statistics keep many students away from engaging in research work to pursue an academic career. Statistics becomes one of the most anxiety-inducing courses in their programs of study. The paper examines the problem and shows how it affects students.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Empirical Research on Statistical Anxiety
Three Common Factors of Statistical Anxiety
Framework/Model to Reduce Statistical Anxiety in Counselor Education
Conclusion
Impact/Benefits for Students Seeking Ph.D.
From the Paper
"A variety of peer learning environment designs to support effective collaborative learning has been attempted or proposed. The backbone of collaborative learning is the willingness of the peers to participate in collaboration in a constructive sense. This has been studied by a number of educational psychology researchers [Madden & Slavin1983,Slavin1978] who confirm that the peers in collaborating classes felt that their peers wanted them to learn. Slavin [Slavin1990] reports studies that confirm the willingness of peers to make the collaborative learning efforts succeed and the improvement in social status of the peers who achieved better than other peers."
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Inferential Statistics, 2005.
This paper discusses the field of inferential statistics and its application.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that psychologists use statistics to make sense of the human behaviors; through observation measurement and statistical inference, researchers are able to take the abstract and make it more understandable. The author points out that, in inferential statistics, researchers use probability to make generalizations about the entire population based on the results from the research sample. The paper relates that statistics can be used to dictate public policy; thereby, it is especially important that mis-measurements do not occur particularly by drawing samples from non-normative or incomplete populations; while seemingly straightforward, statistics require judicious application of ethical behavior. 2 figures. 6 tables.
Table of Contents
History
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Samples and Populations
Probability
Data
Measures of Central Tendency
Central Limit Theorem
Hypothesis Testing
Related Samples
Correlation of Pre and Post Test
What Does Is All Mean?
From the Paper
"Some of the earliest work in statistics was done by Sir William Perry in 1532, when he began to record the number of deaths in London on a weekly basis. Later in the 1600, James Bernoilli, a Swiss mathematician, begin using probability to predict outcomes. In the 1700s, it was Thomas Bayer who gave birth to the concept of inferential statistics. The normal distribution was discovered in 1733 by a Huguenot refugee de Moivre as an approximation to the binomial distribution when the number of trials is too large. Today, not only do scientists but also many professions rely on statistics to understand behavior and ideally make predictions about what circumstances relate to or cause these behaviors."
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British and Japanese Educational Systems, 2002.
An analysis of the characteristics of and differences between British and Japanese educational systems.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the education systems in both Britain where it is similar to that in the U.S. and Japan which has one of the most rigorous educational systems in the world. It briefly describes the structure of both systems and the level of involvement of the government in both countries in setting the curriculum as well as relevant statistics. It provides a compare and contrast analysis between the education systems in both countries highlighting definate similarities such as compulsory education between the ages of 5 and 16 and major differences such as social problems in Japan due to pressures to excel. Common issues in both the British and Japanese education systems are enhancing diversity, providing children with the tools necessary to remain current with technological advances, strengthening the relationship between schools, families, and communities.
From the Paper
"There are two parallel educational systems in Britain: the state system, where education is provided free, and the independent system, where parents normally pay fees. (The British Education System). Nearly 1 in 13 British school-age children are in the independent system. (The British Education System). Britain has a national curriculum, i.e., a statement of the minimum learning requirements of all children at each stage in their education. (The British Education System). This curriculum is compulsory in the state system and while independent schools are not bound by it, most of them teach what the national curriculum demands. (The British Education System)."
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Statistics: An Essay on its Use in Everyday Life, 2001.
This paper defines statistics and shows the numerous ways statistics is applied to everyday life and why it is useful.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 49.95
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From the Paper
"Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, organization and analysis of numerical data the application of this information to make informed decisions in a variety of applications. Statistical results may be used to forecast business trends, define the extent of prevailing opinion throughout a given population, changes in availability of resources or assets, and provide quantifiable answers to questions in almost every type of business, social or political area. (Encarta) Professor Edwards of the Andover Theological Seminary defined statistics as "the ascertaining and bringing together of those facts which are fitted to illustrate the conditions and prospects of society."
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Statistics Anxiety, 2006.
An analysis of the imapct of statistics anxiety on graduate students.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper studies how graduate students perceive the study of statistics and the impact that their anxiety about the subject matter has on their overall performance. The paper cites several research studies which indicate that statistics anxiety is quite high. Furthermore, the paper proves that this anxiety significantly erodes the overall quality and level of the students' research projects. The paper then offers suggestions to improve the teaching of statistics, as well as other suggestions to strengthen students' skills at statistical analysis.
From the Paper
"Statistics anxiety has been defined simply as anxiety that occurs as a result of encountering statistics in any form and at any level (Onwuegbuzie, DaRos, & Ryan, 1997), and has been found to negatively affect learning (Onwuegbuzie & Seaman, 1995). Many researchers (Lazar, 1990; Lalonde & Gardner, 1993; Onwuegbuzie, 2000b) suggested that learning statistics is as difficult as learning a foreign language. On the other hand, statistics anxiety sometimes is not necessarily due to the lack of training or insufficient skills, but due to the misperception about statistics and negative experiences in a statistical class. For instance, students often think they do not have enough mathematics training so that they cannot do well in statistical classes. With fear of failing the course, they delay enrolling in statistics courses as long as possible, which often leads to failure to complete their degree programs (Onwuegbuzie, 1997). The lack of self-efficacy and higher anxiety in statistics keep many students away from engaging in research work or further to pursue an academic career. Therefore, statistics becomes one of the most anxiety-inducing courses in their programs of study (Blalock, 1987; Caine, Centa, Doroff, Horowitz, & Wisenbaker, 1978; Schacht & Stewart, 1990; Zeidner, 1991)."
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Educational Accountability, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to evaluate if, in the aftermath of "No Child Left Behind", the control of educational capital has passed out of the hands of teachers and administrators into the hands of far-off bureaucrats.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the need to answer questions concerning educational capital, standardized testing and accountability and its effect on and acceptance by California teachers; thereby, the paper proposes using a combination of statistical research with case studies and interviews. The author suggests tracking California college enrollment, which is reported to be the best indicator of the condition of education, for the past twenty years; at points of peaks or valleys, it will be noted if there was an increase or decrease in standardized testing statewide at these times. The paper relates that veteran teachers, who have been teaching for at least twenty year and are still teaching, will be interviewed concerning their relative classroom procedures twenty years ago, ten years ago and for the past two years and asked to comment on the nature of the changes in their teaching caused by increasing testing and accountability demands.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
From the Paper
"Christie made the undeniable connection between education and human capital. She cites a report from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) that correlated human capital "the knowledge and skills derived from education, training, and experience" with national well-being--"economic growth, better health, lower crime, political and community participation, and social cohesion." Despite noting that education levels in the United States were high and rising, Christie also noted that the trend seemed to have leveled off; if it did so, it had begun to do so long before the past few years of No Child Left Behind."
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Statistics in a Manufacturing Facility, 2002.
Looks at the importance of statistics to a manufacturing facility when addressing economic and performance concerns.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The practice of statistics in a manufacturing facility is incredibly important for two key reasons: Statistics help to address economic concerns and the functionality of equipment. This paper examines these two specific areas in respect to how statistics are necessary to promote the best interests of the manufacturing facilities. This paper takes the form of an applied knowledge report, where the materials are examined and are then demonstrated in their practice.
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Official Statistics, 2002.
A look at the use and misuse of "official statistics" in the public and private spheres.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the use and availability of official statistics, particularly for business. The phrase "official statistics" is thoroughly defined, and the paper gives examples of industries and departments in which official statistics are commonly used.
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Business Statistics, 2006.
A discussion on the importance of statistics in business.
1,508 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with the reasons why statistics are crucial to running a successful business. It continues to review statistical terms through example and graphic representation. The paper also defines probability and distribution and examines how they can be used to the advantage of an organization.
Table of Contents:
Part 1 - Business Statistics
Part 2 - Mean, Median Mode & Standard Deviation Dayton OH Temperatures
Part 3 - Permutations and Combinations
Part 4 - Probability
Part 5 - Probability Distributions
Part 6 - Normal Distribution
References
From the Paper
"Probability can be used in business to help determine the likelihood that certain future events will occur (Arsham, 1994). It can also help executives base decisions on the most probable positive outcome given multiple scenarios to choose from. Probability analysis is a widely used business tool for evaluating scenarios in a business environment.
Probability is the act of determining the likelihood that given phenomena will occur without relying solely on random guessing. Probability thus helps managers and other business executives determine the best course of action given multiple alternatives (Arsham, 1994). Probability can also be used to determine the likelihood that adverse events will happen, such as the likelihood that certain threats to corporate assets will be realized within a designated time frame. "
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