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The Star System and Hollywood PR, 2007.
A discussion of the star system and its contribution to the development of Hollywood public relations and advertising strategies.
1,726 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the creation of the Hollywood star system, set up to encourage people to go to the cinema. This system, beginning in the 1920s, transformed the film actor into a kind of popular studio 'brand', which kept audiences coming back. The paper notes that the Hollywood star system contrasted with European cinema culture, which tended to be far more director- (rather than star-) driven and less oriented toward developing a brand. Finally, the paper discusses how the star system has contributed to Hollywood's enduring success, as is evident in today's star-centered movie culture.
Outline:
Introduction
Origins of the Star System
1920's: Rise of Star Power
Conclusion: The Breakdown of the Star System
From the Paper
"The Impact of the Star System on Film The star system is so intimately intertwined with Hollywood of the pre-World War II era that celluloid and stars cannot be separated. Indeed, the Star System is what created an American dominance in a medium that was, after all, developed by the French and Germans, and in which the Americans were relative latecomers to the genre.
"The Star System is about more than the actors who played in Hollywood films. The stars were those special beings who created a link with their audiences. In many cases, and particularly during the silent movie era, the stars' draw was universal: Charlie Chaplin (a British native but naturalized American) was a universal "brand," known as Charlie around the world (and "Charlot" in the French-speaking world), equally powerful in Berlin or Miami.
"There is only one Hollywood in the world. Movies are made in London, Paris, Milan and Moscow, but the life of these cities is relatively uninfluenced by their production. Hollywood is a unique American phenomenon with a symbolism not limited to this country. It means many things to many people. For the majority it is the home of favored, godlike creatures (Powdermaker)."
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The Life Cycle of Stars, 2006.
An analysis of the regeneration of stars.
1,118 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In order to shed some light onthe processes involved in the stars' life cycle, this paper discusses and analyzes how, throughout its 'life,' a star will remain dependent on other stars for its eventual re-birth--that is, the creation of another kind of a star. In line with the main topic of this paper, the discussion and analysis argue that the life cycle of a star is an interdependent and recurring process, mainly because stars depend on other stars to re-generate or create another star.
From the Paper
"The second phase, the star's death, occurs when the star has finally used up its hydrogen atoms, and can no longer generate energy from its stellar body. As this happens, the star is "pulled" by the gravity and will burn its helium to become carbon, becoming a red giant. The dying star will be pulled towards the gravity because it will no longer have the counterforce that it once had (force from the energy radiated from it) in order to balance the two forces (gravity and energy pressure). Once helium gases were burned out or exhausted from the stellar body, carbon will be produced and scattered. The dead star will eventually have a carbon core, cool down, and become a white dwarf."
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Life Cycle of Stars, 2008.
This paper describes the life cycle of stars, which is a normal progression.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that stars have a life cycle that is simply too long for human life to perceive directly and even too long for all of human history to record. The author points out that astronomers have been able to categorize stars to show the different levels of development reached by different groups of stars. The paper relates that, over billions of years, the star slowly contracts, compensating for the heat and light energy it has lost. The author underscores that, as this contraction continues, the temperature, density and pressure at the core of the star increases. The paper tells that, as the temperature at the core rises and the star contracts, the tension between gravity pulling in and gas pressure pushing out determines the life of the star. The author describes this process through the star's life cycle from protostar to black holes.
From the Paper
"At this stage, the star is called a planetary nebula. The core of this star becomes a whiter dwarf, an extremely dense star now the size of a planet. Once the white dwarf uses all its energy, it stops shining and becomes a "black dwarf," or a dead star. Astronomers see this as the final stage for our own Sun. however, for stars with higher masses than the Sun (up to about 40 times greater), the outer layers of the star may be thrown off with much more force in a supernova, an explosion leading to the collapse of the star down to a very compact size, producing what is known as a "neutron star."
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Formation of Stars, 2002.
An analysis of the processes involved in the formation of stars.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that by viewing the gas that surrounds stars as a dynamic atmosphere, undergoing cycles of materials similar to those that go on in the Earth's own protective gases, astronomers are understanding more and more about the processes involved in the formation of stars. The paper deals with the questions of how the supernova of massive stars affect the formation of stars in the future, why star formation seems to occur in relative bursts, and how long the Milky Way will continue to produce stars.
From the Paper
"Beyond applying the atmospheric model to intergalactic gas, astronomers have also been studying more carefully exactly what components make up the gas and at what temperature these components exist. About 90% of the constituents of intergalactic atmosphere are various forms of hydrogen, with close to 10% being helium, and everything else, from lithium to uranium -- the whole spectrum of the periodic chart -- making up less than 0.1%. The majority of the hydrogen is present as neutral hydrogen, termed H I by astronomers. This form of hydrogen gas is identified by the spectral frequency of the light that it emits, namely 1,420 megahertz. Although scattered throughout the galaxy, the majority of H I is located around the galactic midplane, and forms a gaseous disk about 300 parsecs thick (Reynolds, 2002, p. 40)."
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The HUAC and the Hollywood Ten, 2003.
A look at the 1940s fiasco of the Hollywood Ten, in which ten prominent figures in the film business were blacklisted for supposed anti-American views.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the late 1940s proved to be an interesting time in American history. It looks at how a new threat arose against the U.S. government as American communists began spying for the Soviet Union. In particular, it explores how J. Edgar Hoover and the Federal Bureau of Investigation began to look into the mass media to find supposed Communist views, focusing on the film industry, and how, in 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee under the leadership of a certain J. Parnell Thomas, held a hearing in which ten of Hollywood?s premier film makers, actors, and producers were found to hold anti-American Communist views in their works. These Hollywood members became known as ?The Hollywood Ten?.
From the Paper
"In order to single out supposed Communist members in Hollywood, the FBI devised certain set of criteria to determine if films contained anti-American views. Films were labeled subversive if ?Values or institutions judged to be particularly American are smeared or represented as evil in the movie, either explicitly or through casual references to current political events,? or if ?Values or institutions judged to be particularly anti-American or pro-Communist are glorified in the movie, either explicitly or through casual references to current political events (Noakes 5).? According to John Noakes, an assistant professor of sociology at Franklin and Marshall College, ?In four reports submitted between August 7 and November 17, 1947, the Los Angeles field office sent FBI headquarters reviews of seventeen movies released between 1943-1948 that it determined were subversive based on the MPAPAI criteria. "
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Managing a Crisis Using PR, 2007.
A simulation of a public relations (PR) strategy for the Greenenergy company during a crisis situation.
899 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes a simulation for managing a crisis with public relations (PR) tools. The paper formulates a PR strategy for a new company called Greenenergy. It addresses the meaning of proactive planning and the feedback mechanism recommended in relation to the situation described in the simulation. The paper analyzes what is an ineffectual way of deploying the PR plan along with examples of what not to do in a similar situation.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
"Managing a Crisis Using PR" Simulation Summary
Proactive Planning and Feedback
PR Plan Deployment
Crisis Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Greenenergy faced crises when equipment, maintained improperly, injured people. The company chose to be forthright and immediately released information to the media and cooperated with investigative authorities (University of Phoenix, 2006). Choosing appropriate message options such as releasing specific information to the media ensures the communication of the desired message and cooperating with investigated authorities earns the organization creditability. Choosing the appropriate communication hierarchy is equally as critical as the form of communication. Greenenergy had a planned approach for immediately communicating with key internal and external publics. The approach allowed for the right information, in the right medium to go to the right people within the right timeframe preventing further duress in the crisis."
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Star Formation, 2004.
A look at the processes that cause the birth and life of stars.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The process of star formation is a complex one that takes millions of years to complete. While there are many types and sizes of stars, all come from the same basic properties. From clouds of gas and dust to protostars to the Main Sequence, star birth is a process dependent upon many factors. This paper examines how stars are formed and the reasons behind the various colors of stars.
From the Paper
"Stars use nuclear fusion to convert, generally, hydrogen to helium, a process called nucleosynthesis. Nucleosynthesis is the production of new elements via nuclear reactions. The mass of the star at the time of the nuclear fusion determines what types of nucleosynthesis are needed. For smaller stars, hydrogen is converted to helium. For mid sized stars, like the sun, helium is turned to oxygen and carbon, as the hydrogen supply burns out. For massive stars, as hydrogen becomes depleted, helium is turned to carbon and oxygen, which are then turned to neon, sodium, magnesium, sulfur and silicon. Later, those elements are transformed to elements like calcium, iron, nickel, chromium, copper, and other elements. It is this process of nuclear fusion and nucleosynthesis that allow stars, even massive, old stars, to continue to exist. It is this stage that is called the Main Sequence for a star (Enchanted Learning, 100)."
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"Stars in the Making", 2007.
An analysis and critique of "Stars in the Making", a 2001 article by Elana Harris.
1,189 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses sales and marketing management, from the point of view of "Stars in the Making", an article written by Elana Harris in 2001. The paper summarizes Harris' article and describes its relevance to sales management. The paper then provides a critique of the article and provides some suggestions for improving it.
Table of Contents:
A Summary of "Stars in the Making"
Relevance of "Stars in the Making"
A Critique of "Stars in the Making"
Suggested Changes to Harris' Article
From the Paper
"In Harris' article, she makes the point that there are ways to mentor, motivate, and lead new salespeople to their full potential as salespeople; this point is cleverly proven by success stories from such luminary companies as Bausch & Lomb and others. Perhaps the most important message that Harris puts forth in "Stars in the Making" is that training, motivation and development of the skills needed for overcoming challenges are keys to the growth of salespeople over the long term. Because of this, Harris continues, sales managers must be coaches or mentors to their team members as well."
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Hollywood in Canada, 2006.
This paper provides an examination of the effects of Hollywood on Canada.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the impact of Hollywood upon Canadian popular culture and in particular Canadian film making. The paper argues that while some good has come out of Hollywood dominating the Canadian market, there are a number of reasons why the Canadian film industry cannot continue to cede more than 98 percent of the domestic market to big budget Hollywood films. The following paper reviews the history of the American cultural penetration into Canada as a result of Hollywood and examines also how Canada situation is not unique.
From the Paper
"There is arguably no nation in the world that is more inundated with American culture than Canada - mostly because of its proximity, but also because of the fact that the two nations have always shared a common English or British heritage. The following paper argues that the dominance of Hollywood within Canada has brought some good - employment for individuals within the Canadian film industry, access to world-class technology and to world-class American talent - but it has also brought a great deal of trouble - not least of all, a reduced native interest (or ability) in establishing a uniquely Canadian film industry - and this trouble is something that Canadian leaders will have to continue to grapple with if they wish to carve out a distinctly Canadian popular culture in the twenty-first century. "
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Censorship and Hollywood, 2000.
This paper illustrates the effects of censorship in the film industry as depicted in the documentary film "Hollywood Censored: Movies, Morality and the Production Code."
1,226 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the documentary "Hollywood Censored: Movies, Morality and the Production Code" which illustrates the effects of censorship in the film industry. This paper examines the religious condemnation, societal expectations and financial insecurity that have plagued Hollywood and the film industry since the early 1900s. This paper discusses the profound effect the Catholic church had on Hollywood. The Legion of Decency was created in order to clean up to films that were being shown to society. The hold of the Catholic church in the major cities was massive and as long as Hollywood produced films the religious authorities felt were morally harmful to society, priests and parishioners would continue to ban films. The writer also examines the events that led up to the film industry being granted 1st amendment protection in 1952, in which films were finally viewed as an art form.
From the Paper
"In 1952 movies were granted First Amendment protection and films were finally seen as an art form. This came about after the studios were deemed monopolies and forced to give up their movie palaces. Theaters were now free to show any type of film they pleased and were not held liable to the production code. This allowed directors and producers a freedom they had not seen in many years. Breen's theories and strict regulations became obsolete. The control Hollywood and the courts had given him had been relinquished. As the freedom of the theaters grew, the power of the production code fell and in 1962 the production code was officially done away with and replaced with the ratings systems we now have. One producer in the documentary quotes Robert Graves by saying that "It's impossible for any artist not to be a part of his society even if he is against it" (Hollywood). Simply put, this means that as an artist, producer or director, it would be impossible, whether intended or not, to not mirror the society from which the art was created."
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Greek Literature and Hollywood, 2002.
A discussion of the Hollywood adaptations of Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex" and the "Iliad".
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper on Greek Literature and the Hollywood Cinema compares the the Greek novel "Oedipus Rex" by Sophocles with the film "Hamlet" starring Mel Gibson and the saga of the "Iliad" with the film "Unforgiven" with Clint Eastwood. It reviews the films and their characters and shows how both films follow a particular theme of a book and accomplish the same goal but in a different situation. Even though the scenario and situations in the novels differ from that in the movie, both protagonists however show similar characteristics and undergo similar events, which force them to act in a resembling fashion.
From the Paper
"He discovers the committing of the two crime after he hears the Teiresias prophecy, ?You are the cursed polluter of this land. The killer you are seeking is yourself. You are living in sinful union with the one you love, living in ignorance of your own undoing? (Oedipus Rex, Sophocles). His wife Jocasta tries to calm him down by telling him that prophecies do not always come true. She tells him about the prophecy once told by oracle to King Laius about his murder, which would be committed by his son. She narrates to him the falseness about the prophecy as it never came true since five robbers killed Laius not his son. From here, Oedipus recalls his past events in which he had murdered a man. With the help of a messenger Oedipus comes to know that he is not the son of Polybus and later the shepherd solves the mystery for him hence, revealing Oedipus to be the son and husband of his mother."
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Functions of PR, 2007.
An analysis of the public relations (PR) specialists' organizational and societal roles.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the importance of public relations (PR) and the public relations specialist in any organization. It describes the PR specialists' tasks, particularly in the areas of communication and the promotion of the aims and image of the organization to the public. The paper also details some of the PR specialists' roles in terms of organizational functions, as well as societal functions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Organizational functions
Societal functions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the other hand the functional responsibilities that surround societal PR have a different trajectory to the more internal responsibilities of the public relations specialist. These social responsibilities involve the public relations officer in interacting between the needs and the goals of the organization and the ethical and social requirements in the community and society in which the organization functions; as well as endeavoring to support and foster the values of that community or society. In the final analysis the public relations officer in any organization has to contend with responsibilities that involve both organizational and social requirements and objectives."
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Hollywood and the Film Industry, 2002.
A look at why the Hollywood film industry is a unique structure, both socially and economically.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper will explore the history of Hollywood from the perspective of its relationship with the film industry. It will examine why a particular social structure arose as a result of movie production, and how the community of Hollywood had an impact on the world. The purpose of this paper is to explain to the readers why Hollywood is a unique structure, both socially and economically, and define the reasons as to why it evolved in this manner.
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How the "Red Scare" Influenced Hollywood, 2002.
A discussion of how the communist paranoia influenced Hollywood in the 1950?s.
866 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how Hollywood and the entire movie industry were affected by the "Red Scare" i.e. communist paranoia from 1947-1954. It looks at how screenwriters, directors and actors were blacklisted for no reason and how some of these people did not work in Hollywood for over a decade as a result. It examines how fear swept through tinsel town and how many jobs, as well as friendships were lost. It also looks at how the film industry grew as many Hollywood studio executives defended themselves by producing a slew of anti-Communist movies.
From the Paper
"The House of Un-American Activities Committee, HUAC, had existed in the 1920?s and 1930?s during the first Red Scare in American history, but had faded away during World War II. It had not been held in very high regard and really had not had much affect (Red pg). However, in 1947, under the leadership of Representative Parnell Thomas, R-NJ, the HUAC was brought back to life with three definite goals. First, the HUAC was determined to prove that the Screen Writers? Guild had been heavily infiltrated by Communists. Second, it intended to prove that the writers could and would insert subversive Communist propaganda into movies. And third, it aimed to show that during World War II, Hollywood had purposely produced pro-Soviet films (Red pg)."
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Star Wars Culture, 2002.
A discussion of how Star Wars has created an entire sub-culture in American society.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the Star Wars culture and its evidence that the cinema has a direct impact on America history through the phenomena that it causes. The writer explores the Star Wars movie from the 1970s and argues that it is possible for a film to create an entire culture of existence as was proven by this movie and its subsequent releases.
From the Paper
"Since the beginning of the silver screen millions of movie goers have flocked to theaters to be entertained by their favorite actors and directors. Some movies flop, while others make a profit and every once in awhile a movie is released that creates an independent culture of followers crossing all economic, social and racial boundaries. This was the case of the first Star Wars movie which was released in 1976 and created a multiple decade following of fans. Whether the movie made the culture or the culture made the movie is arguable however, the impact the movie had on American society cannot be ignored. It is a classic study in human nature, wants and desires that began with the first rolling of credits."
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