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Star Formation, 2004.
A look at the processes that cause the birth and life of stars.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The process of star formation is a complex one that takes millions of years to complete. While there are many types and sizes of stars, all come from the same basic properties. From clouds of gas and dust to protostars to the Main Sequence, star birth is a process dependent upon many factors. This paper examines how stars are formed and the reasons behind the various colors of stars.
From the Paper
"Stars use nuclear fusion to convert, generally, hydrogen to helium, a process called nucleosynthesis. Nucleosynthesis is the production of new elements via nuclear reactions. The mass of the star at the time of the nuclear fusion determines what types of nucleosynthesis are needed. For smaller stars, hydrogen is converted to helium. For mid sized stars, like the sun, helium is turned to oxygen and carbon, as the hydrogen supply burns out. For massive stars, as hydrogen becomes depleted, helium is turned to carbon and oxygen, which are then turned to neon, sodium, magnesium, sulfur and silicon. Later, those elements are transformed to elements like calcium, iron, nickel, chromium, copper, and other elements. It is this process of nuclear fusion and nucleosynthesis that allow stars, even massive, old stars, to continue to exist. It is this stage that is called the Main Sequence for a star (Enchanted Learning, 100)."
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Formation of Stars, 2002.
An analysis of the processes involved in the formation of stars.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that by viewing the gas that surrounds stars as a dynamic atmosphere, undergoing cycles of materials similar to those that go on in the Earth's own protective gases, astronomers are understanding more and more about the processes involved in the formation of stars. The paper deals with the questions of how the supernova of massive stars affect the formation of stars in the future, why star formation seems to occur in relative bursts, and how long the Milky Way will continue to produce stars.
From the Paper
"Beyond applying the atmospheric model to intergalactic gas, astronomers have also been studying more carefully exactly what components make up the gas and at what temperature these components exist. About 90% of the constituents of intergalactic atmosphere are various forms of hydrogen, with close to 10% being helium, and everything else, from lithium to uranium -- the whole spectrum of the periodic chart -- making up less than 0.1%. The majority of the hydrogen is present as neutral hydrogen, termed H I by astronomers. This form of hydrogen gas is identified by the spectral frequency of the light that it emits, namely 1,420 megahertz. Although scattered throughout the galaxy, the majority of H I is located around the galactic midplane, and forms a gaseous disk about 300 parsecs thick (Reynolds, 2002, p. 40)."
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Spiritual Formation, 2008.
Looks at spiritual formation as a way of growing in Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit.
3,470 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper defines spiritual formation as the work of forming and transforming by the Holy Spirit in the process of an inward understanding of information and experiences in an individual to develop one's character in the likeness of Christ. The paper then discusses the following components of spiritual formation: knowing and loving God, knowing and loving ourselves, knowing and loving our neighbors, and being mindful of the presence of God in our daily routine. In addtion, the paper provides an overview of the goals, dynamics, components and roles of spiritual formation.
Table of Contents:
Goals of Spiritual Formation
Components of Spiritual Formation
Dynamics of Spiritual Formation
The Role of the Holy Spirit in Spiritual Formation
The Role of the Individual in Spiritual Formation
The Role of Suffering in Spiritual Formation
Spiritual Formation in Individuals in Community
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first component of spiritual formation is to know and love God. If we do not know someone intimately, we cannot love that person. It is the same with our relationship to God. Unless we know God intimately and personally, we only love an image or concept that we have of God and not God Himself. Often this perception or concept of God is based on our concept of our earthly father and our relationship with him. The only way we can come to know God by reading His Word, by building a relationship with His Son, appreciating His creation, using quiet time in prayer and meditation, and by listening to Him through silence, dreams, and visions."
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Spiritual Formation, 2006.
Presents a personal plan to develop spiritual formation in leadership.
2,213 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
According to this paper, restoring and renovating the spirit in Christ is the key to controlling the undesired part of human nature and making good leadership decisions. The paper explores a plan for spiritual formation by explaining the understanding of human nature, outlining how the author plans to develop basic human aspects and by addressing spiritual formation in leadership.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
My Understanding of the Nature of People
Personal Spiritual Formation Plan
Thought
Feelings
Will and Character
Body
Social Dimension
Soul
Spiritual Formation and Leadership
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"To help regulate my thought landscape, I will continue to concentrate on Jesus. I can do this by using Willard's Vision-Intention-Means (VIM) structure (Willard, 2002). First, I will constantly work on maintaining my personal vision of the Servant-Leader that I would like to be in Christ. Next, I will mediate and pray to ask God's help in giving me the strength to act on my intention of being a Christ-like Servant-Leader. Finally, I will carry out my plan for reaching my vision. Studying, learning, and applying my knowledge in real-world application will be my means for development as a Servant-Leader."
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Formation of the Working Class, 2006.
Explains why the formation of the working class represented a pivotal change in the development of the industrial revolution.
974 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the industrial revolution could not have grown and flourished without the formation of the working class. The paper points out that the working class facilitated the mass production of goods that was so vital to the industrial revolution and that it was exactly the deplorable working and living conditions of this labor class that allowed factory owners and investors to reinvest in their businesses and further the advance of industry.
From the Paper
"While artisan guilds and small cottage industries had been in existence since the Middle Ages, the need for industrial workers was a different issue. The number of workers needed to create the volume of production the expansion and forward development the industrial revolution needed required the restructuring of society. In the early years of the industrial revolution, the industrial units were similar to expanded family units. Extended family members worked together much as they had in the home to create a particular product. Sometimes this unit also included the family of two or three business partners as well. The salaries were kept to a minimum in order for the profits to be reinvested in the expansion of the business. As these businesses grew, the industrial unit became similar to a colonial settlement with supporting industries in close proximity. Also as these businesses grew the expansion brought a need for additional workers. In order to attract workers, businesses also had to include work opportunities for spouses and even children. Without attracting more workers, there would have been no available labor force to expand production."
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The Theory of Identity Formation Applied to the Amish, 2001.
A look at Erik Erikson's "Theory of Identity Formation" and how it can be used to better understand the Amish culture.
7,925 words (approx. 31.7 pages), 13 sources, $ 171.95
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Abstract
This paper crosses disciplines of psychology and sociology/anthropology. It uses Erik Erikson?s famous "Theory of Identity Formation" to try and make sense of Amish culture. It examines social and psychological aspects of Amish life from birth to death. It finds that Erikson?s theory works well and is substantiated by Amish life?especially Amish adolescence.
From the Paper
"With this paper I am concerned with observing Old Order Amish Society (primarily in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania) through an Eriksonian framework of identity formation. His epigenetic cycle, the Eight Stages of Man, will be played out using Amish social customs and practices extracted from numerous literary sources, though most predominantly from John Hostetler?s Amish Society. Of particular interest, and most emphasized, is the fifth epigenetic stage?the identity crisis. To expedite a resolution during this adolescent phase, Erikson prescribes a psychological ?moratorium? which corresponds directly to the seemingly peculiar Amish practice of relaxing behavioral standards of teenagers. In order not to misrepresent individual identity as collective identity writ small, the notion of Amish personhood is later invoked, although is more briefly discussed. The successful resolution of an adolescent?s identity crisis seems to coincide with the decision to enter the church, which, marked by the baptism ceremony, signifies attainment of full personhood. Despite that Erikson?s notion of identity is predicated upon a fairly determinant and universalistic psychobiological trajectory, and therefore of limited utility for comparative studies, it is believed useful here as an analytic tool for understanding Amish development given their strong cultural identity and social dictates of personal behavior."
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Identity Formation in Adolescents., 2002.
A look at the social problems of identity formation for adolescents.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the process of identity formation in minority ethnic group adolescents, discusses the special difficulties experienced by various ethnic group members, and examines what society can do to help ease the process for these adolescents.
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Grand Canyon National Park and Its Formation, 2002.
Explains different geological theories of the formation of the Grand Canyon and its rocks.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Certain theories commonly attribute the formation of the Grand Canyon to the process of erosion by the Colorado River, but disagree with regard to the period and the actual process. Geologists continue to debate on it, but continuous changes around the Grand Canyon pose problems for them to reach a consensus.
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Ghetto Formation, 2005.
This paper discusses mass migration and the formation of ghettos.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is based on the article "Great Migration and the Consolidation of the Ghetto". The author points out that this article reflects urban design and geographic thought. The paper argues that the great migration that was an economic pull factor interacted with various social and political factors to create ghettos in Cleveland.
From the Paper
""The Great Migration and the Consolidation of the Ghetto" examines how one significant socio-economic development can result in the creation of another socio-economic development. In this case this chapter demonstrates how the great migration of black people into Cleveland eventually resulted in the creation of a black ghetto. The thesis of the author appears to be that although the great migration was the result of economic factors, the creation of the black ghetto was the result of social factors. According to the chapter's author, The responses of both the Negro and white communities to this problem helped shape and delimit the lives of northern Negroes for decades afterward (157)."
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False Memory Formation, 2008.
This paper discusses the effect of semantic relatedness on false memory formation.
1,337 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a research that examined how some words can be falsely recalled during a memory recollection test. The writer explains that, in the research, one 23-year-old student completed an Internet based test that presented a sequence of words followed by a grid of 16 words. The writer notes that the participant selected which words in the grid had previously been shown. The participant correctly recalled 71.43% of previously presented words, 2.08% of non-semantically related words and 66.66% of semantically related words. The writer concludes that false memories are easy to create for words that are highly semantically related. The writer maintains that these results add weight to the semantic model of memory and arguments against other models of memory. Further, the writer notes that these results have important implications in the identification of suspects during criminal investigations.
Outline:
Abstract
Method
Results
Discussion
References
Appendix
From the Paper
"Endo and Masao demonstrated that knowledge about the false memory phenomena could alter results. They informed one group of participants about the false memory phenomena but not the other. Half of each group were then asked to respond within four seconds, the other within eight as to whether they 'remembered' seeing the word. Results showed that in the slow condition false memory rates were lower within the forewarned group compared to the uniformed group. However in the fast condition there was no significant difference between the forewarned and uninformed group. Thus in the current experiment the participant is likely to have made more errors had he been uninformed of the false memory phenomena and under time pressure. This would explain why these results do not vary more significantly in comparison to other research. Similarly how words are presented can affect results."
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Formation of the Modern Middle East, 2005.
A discussion of the roles that the French and British empires had in the formation of the modern Middle East.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because of the nature of the area and its position on the globe, the Middle East has always been a place of contention and conflict. The paper looks at modern Middle Eastern history and explores the role of the French and British in the development of the Middle East as we know it today.
From the Paper
"The Ottoman Empire was the ruling party of the Middle East as early as the 15th Century. However, they increasingly became financially dependent on the European Powers. This opened the door for the British, French and other world powers to overtake the Middle East. Britain and France's main threat for its assets in the Middle East was Russia. The Ottoman rulers looked to Germany for help from these powers but found themselves just as dependent on them not only for monetary help but also military dependence. Germany's entry created the German Empire in 1871 and replaced Russia as Britain's threat to its assets in the Middle East. (Fromkin)"
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Formation of Values, 1990.
This paper examines the development and formation of values by individuals: Society, education, religion, family, social pressures, individual development, role of educational leadership, relationship of attitudes and values.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 19 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the development and formation of values by individuals. Additionally, consideration is given in this research to the implications of individual value development and formation for educational leadership.
The concept of value has several distinct meanings. To many, a value seems to be synonymous with attitude; an attitude being a predisposition to act in a certain way. An attitude is a mental and neural state of readiness, organized through the process of experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon an individual's response to all objects and situations with which he or she is related. Perhaps more basic than an attitude, ... "
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Gender and Identity Formation, 2006.
This paper studies gender and identity formation in Robinson's "Housekeeping" and Baldwin's "Blues for Mister Charlie".
3,105 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that both the novel "Housekeeping" by Marilynn Robinson and the play "Blues for Mister Charlie" by James Baldwin deal with coming of age identity, conflicts amongst marginalized peoples and long-simmering community conflicts that come to a boil after the homecoming of one of the protagonists. The writer describes how Robinson's text is framed around the coming of age of young women growing up in rural Idaho in the mid-1900s. The girls experience a crisis of feminine identity after they are deprived of their mother, who commits suicide at the beginning of the book. The writer also looks at "Blues for Mister Charlie", that deals with the Black experience of isolation in America. The play centers on the difficulty of young Black people, men and women, who must force their lives and souls to conform to the norms of the White 'Mister Charlie.'
From the Paper
"For Black women, however, Baldwin has slightly less concern in terms of how the norms of their identities are formulated, even though women have a powerful stage presence over the course of the play. Thus Baldwin tends to reduce the importance of the Black female experience of marginalization in America for the Black community as a whole. It is how Black men formulate their new identities within oppressive structures that the author claims as his play's main concern. Continually, "Blues for Mister Charlie" stresses the commonality of all Black oppression and the investiture Black men and women have in creating a positive Black masculine ideal.
The play was written in response to the Emmett Till lynching of real life, a lynching spawned by a Northern Black youngster whistling at a White Southern women. Finding a way to create Black male sexuality in a way that is empowering, and will not bring the wrath of society down upon its head is Baldwin's concern."
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Middle Class Formation, 2005.
This paper discusses the formation of the middle class as a third party political movement without any long lasting power.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 14 sources, $ 196.95
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Abstract
This paper concerns the ways in which the development of the middle class and its political impotence have contributed to the inability of America to develop a third party movement with any power to last. The writer notes how most third party efforts are protect movements that run out of steam after the protest. Further the writer maintains that the way the two parties operate and finance elections keeps third parties from gaining power.
From the Paper
"The American system is structured on a duality and has been from the first, and this has carried over into the political parties that developed and the political divisions in the country as well. This duality is seen in the division between federal and state levels, between two houses of Congress, and among the original thirteen colonies between North and South. Even today, while there is also an East-West division in the country, the North-South division prevails to a great degree in political discourse, and more recently the country has been divided into the duality of Red and Blue states, based on political identification in the last two elections."
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Factors Governing State Formation in Early Modern Europe, 2007.
An analysis of the growth of European nation-states throughout the early modern period by means of political, financial and social restructuring.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper makes the argument that the principal factor in state formation across Europe was the power of monarchs to centralise and increase their effectiveness to rule in European states. Specifically, the author makes the assertion that the monarchies of Europe created early modern state formation through the centralisation of government institutions, military expansion, financial restructuring, dynastic marriage and the use of tools created through the scientific revolution.
From the Paper
"This centralisation and increased effectiveness of tax administration in the Early Modern era allowed a larger revenue to be collected into the royal coffers, in turn meaning that more money could be pumped into the greatest expense for any Early Modern leader, the military. As military tactics and technology dictated an increased cost in the waging of war, so it was realised that the more effective a bureaucracy was, the more effective royal armies could be. The centralisation of resources for armies created a unique situation whereby relatively small countries such as England and the Netherlands were able to wage-war with more demographically prosperous countries such as France and Spain. 'Good' government also came through the scrupulous effectiveness of taxation: the less money that stuck to the hands of local barons and entered the royal treasuries, the more the central power of the monarch could spend on consolidating the state through standing armies and more charismatic schemes. This meant the population of a country would see both centralisation and state formation in a beneficial light."
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