| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "STAGE RENAL FAILURE": |
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End-Stage Chronic Renal Failure, 2005.
This paper discusses an educational program for patients with end-stage chronic renal failure.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that end-stage kidney disease occurs immediately prior to chronic renal failure in which the kidney is no longer able to provide its necessary physiological functions. The author points out that patients in end-stage chronic renal failure typically are engaged to some degree in the dialysis process, but complete chronic renal failure will create a new series of lifestyle changes for the patient. The paper provides a comprehensive lesson plan for a patient who is undergoing end-stage chronic renal failure.
From the Paper
"End-stage kidney disease occurs immediately prior to chronic renal failure, in which the kidney is no longer able to provide its necessary physiological functions. Patients in end-stage chronic renal failure typically are engaged in the dialysis process to some degree, but complete chronic renal failure will create a new series of lifestyle changes for the patient. This paper is designed to provide a brief yet comprehensive lesson plan for a patient who is undergoing end-stage chronic renal failure. Conditions of End-Stage Chronic Renal Failure The patient undergoing end-stage chronic renal failure has a new set of physiological burdens applied. The kidney is no longer able to effectively process the body's wastes or play its role as the foremost regulator of the body's blood supply."
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End Stage Renal Failure, 2006.
A review of nursing management for end stage renal failure.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the nursing management strategy that adopts Callista Roy's adaptation model when engaged in the rehabilitation of an end state renal failure patient. The paper further discusses the need for identifying the reasons for renal failure and the role of the nurse at this end stage.
Overview:
Assessment of Behavior
Physiologic-Physical
Self-concept and group identity
Role Function
Interdependence
Nursing Diagnosis
Intervention
Evaluation
From the Paper
"What role must the nurse play within the family dynamic? Does the patient understand his or her illness? If not, must the nurse act as an educator? Does the nurse need to mediate between family members, or provide advice as to how to secure the means of self-care? For example, during a family interview, does the family seem to understand the seriousness of the patient's condition, and are they acting as aids to ensure the current course of treatment is realized? For example, do they allow the patient to 'cheat' on his or her diet? Do they and are they capable of providing emotional, and if necessary, financial or physical support, when the patient is outside of the hospital environment?"
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Chronic Renal Failure, 2006.
This paper discusses chronic renal failure, also called chronic kidney failure, which is a serious disease that can be fatal if not treated.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the beginning of chronic renal failure, there are virtually no symptoms; however, the progression of the disease can cause an increase in blood pressure, an accumulation of potassium in the blood, an accumulation of urea, anemia, fatigue, an overload of fluid volume, cardiac arrhythmia and vascular calcification. The author points out that, at end-stage of renal disease, renal replacement therapy, such as kidney dialysis and even kidney transplant, is required to keep the patient alive. The paper relates that patients with chronic renal failure also have a high incidence of atherosclerosis, which usually accelerates at a faster rate, and of cardiovascular disease, which has a prognosis that is not as good as someone without chronic renal failure.
From the Paper
"Sometimes, the levels of serum creatinine have not been measured in the past, and therefore the patient is often first treated as having acute renal failure. Only when blood tests continue to show elevated serum creatinine levels and it is determined that the renal failure is irreversible will the diagnosis be made as chronic renal failure as opposed to the previously assumed acute renal failure. A numerous amount of uremic toxins also accumulate in individuals that have chronic renal failure and are involved in the treatment of standard dialysis."
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Acute Renal Failure, 2004.
An extensive analysis of the kidneys and acute renal failure.
4,756 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a colorful and detailed explanation of the function of the kidneys. The paper offers many diagrams to illustrate the material discussed. The paper also includes extensive research on acute and chronic renal failure. The paper examines acute renal failure by providing a case study on the subject.
Outline
Introduction
Mechanisms of Fluid Regulation
Acute Renal Failure Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Treatment
Diet
Drug Treatment
Case Study
References
From the Paper
"The adrenal medulla functions as part of the autonomic nervous system. Stimulation of preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers causes release of epinephrine and noreepinephrine. These regulate metabolic pathways to promote catabolism of stored fuels to meet caloric needs from endogenous sources. Epinephrine is the key player in the 'fight or flight' response. The adrenal cortex produces three steroid hormones. Glucocorticoids affect blood glucose levels using the negative feedback system. Mineralcorticoids exert their major efforts on electrolyte balance. Androgens effects are similar to male sex hormones."
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End-Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
This paper discuses end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is the point of no return of chronic renal disease (CRD) regardless of etiology.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents irreversible damage to the nephrons, the functioning filtration units of the kidney. The author points out that this stage is generally accepted clinically as the complete dependence of the patient on life-preserving dialysis or kidney transplantation for adequate waste filtration due to this irreversible damage. The paper relates that the definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease; however, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons.
Table of Contents
Causes
Populations at Risk
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
From the Paper
"Signs and symptoms of ESRD are also seen in acute, chronic and acute renal failure superimposed on chronic renal failure. ESRD is seen in GFRs that approach zero; it is thus inferable that prolonged periods in between dialysis result in severe manifestations of electrolyte imbalance, especially urea and ammonia accumulation. Azotemia and uremia are associated with urea and ammonia accumulation secondary to diminished renal function are seen in rises in blood urea nitrogen."
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End-Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
An analysis of the restrictions placed on the diet of a patient undergoing dialysis of end-stage renal disease.
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the importance of nutrition in end stage renal failure disease versus non-diseased people. It begins by discussing the causes of end-stage renal disease and its recommended treatment. The paper then discusses nutrition in the pre-dialysis and dialysis patient. The paper specifically looks at the restrictions that must be placed on the diet of a patient undergoing dialysis.
Outline:
Causes
Treatment
Nutrition in the Pre-dialysis and Dialysis Patients
From the Paper
"The definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease. However, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons. Nutritional support in these patients most importantly takes into account the stage at which the patient is in. Protein restriction (0.6 g/kg/day) combined with a balanced, calorie-sufficient diet (35 kcal/kg/day) and phosphorus supplementation of up to 10 g/kg/day is the diet of choice for stage 3, 4 and 5CRD patients (Skorecki, Green & Brenner, 2005). Protein restriction is the most important component, which avoids the problem of urea nitrogen accumulation from the catabolism of the n-terminals of excess protein. Other organ system disorders are treated separately."
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End Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
This paper discuses treatments for end stage renal disease.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that dialysis is a treatment for end-stage renal disease, in which a machine is used to act as the patient's healthy kidneys. The author describes two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The paper recommends kidney transplantation where the patient receives a new kidney, either from a living or deceased donor. The author points out that kidney transplant patients have been shown to live as long as the average non-transplant patient without the burden of spending large amounts of time on dialysis. The paper relates that, while both treatments are covered eighty percent financially by the federal government end-stage renal disease program, the cost is higher for patients with dialysis than for transplantation. The paper states that no action is sometimes chosen by the patient who feel that the burdens of dialysis or transplantation outweigh the benefits.
From the Paper
"Kidney transplantations come with some complications and stresses. Waiting for the transplant can cause stress in patients. The National Kidney Foundation says that over 73,000 people are on the waiting list, and twelve of those people die every day waiting for a kidney. Anti-rejection medications lower the immune system allowing for higher susceptibility to illness. Although severe transplant rejection occurs in less than twenty-five percent of patients, patients are required to take anti-rejection medication daily according to MedicineNet, Inc."
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End-Stage Renal Disease, 2002.
A research proposal to explore the lived experiences of adolescents with end-stage renal disease.
1,933 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper is a proposed study to examine the "lived experience" of adolescents with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The research compiles and organizes the perceived experiences of young people (13 to 16 years of age) as they relate to living (and in some cases dying) with ESRD. The lived experience approach consists of the collection of narrative accounts (through semi-structured interview processes) of patients experiences of a given illness. In order that the proposed research may be fully understood, it provides some background information on ESRD in the adolescent population.
Outline
Introduction
Purpose
Significance
Review of the Literature
Methods
Research Approach
Human Subjects
Data Gathering Methods
Informed Consent
Budget
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper
"The physical and medical demands of renal disease on children and their parents have been studied and understood for many years now (Stover, 1994). However, very little focus has been placed on one other very important part of the disease, namely the actual day or day perceptions of the children regarding the effects of the disease upon their bodies, minds and spirits. This study, by examining the phenomenological aspect of the disease is significantly in that it contributes to an under-researched area of the literature. Moreover, the findings of this study can be used by health care workers as well as policy makers to better meet the entire range of needs (mental, emotional and physical) experienced by children with this condition."
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When the Kidneys Fail, 2008.
This paper looks at the management and implications of renal failure.
1,364 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that kidneys are fist-sized, bean-shaped organs, which are located at the lowest part of the rib cage and the sides of the spine. Their major function is to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body in the form of urine. The writer points out that damage to the kidneys or reduced kidney functions can constitute chronic kidney disease or CKD. Chronic renal failure consists of a progressive loss of kidney function from disease or another cause. In addition, the writer explains that untreated CKD may lead to kidney or renal failure. The condition may need to be treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation. The writer discusses the symptoms, diagnosis and possible treatment of chronic kidney disease and renal failure.
Outline:
Psychosocial and Physiological Changes
Dietary Changes
Management and Implications
Diagnostic Strategy and Differential
From the Paper
"Dialysis performs the function of the kidneys but does not cure the disease or prevent possible complications. It may even cause those complications and even reduce one's quality of life. Hemodialysis sends the blood through a dialyzer and goes back to the body after eliminating toxins and excess fluid. It is usually done thrice a week, each time for 3 to 5 hours or more. Common negative reactions are fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, light-headedness, leg cramps, nausea and vomiting. The other type is peritoneal dialysis, which uses the peritoneum to filter the blood without removing it from the body. It uses dialysate, which is later drained through a peritoneal catheter. Peritonitis is the most common complication. A study of 336 hemodialysis and 185 peritoneal dialysis patients undergoing both types found that peritoneal dialysis was a preference 1.5 times more. The quality of care, freedom of choice and cost are major reasons for their choice. Physicians, however, prefer hemodialysis because of reimbursement trends."
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Hemodialysis, 2005.
An overview of hemodialysis and its use in treating renal failure.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes hemodialysis, which is used to treat patients suffering from renal failure. The paper begins by explaining renal failure. Next the paper discusses the need for dialysis, explains how it is preformed, and assesses its effects -- both positive and negative -- on the patient. The paper also investigates potential complications, particularly with regard to arteriovenous fistulas, which are essential for connecting the patient to the dialysis machine. The paper concludes by reviewing other side-effects of renal failure, such as anemia and high blood pressure, and their treatment.
From the Paper
"When the kidneys are functioning normally, they regulate the chemical composition of the blood, particularly sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. They also remove extra fluid to form urine, as well as drugs and toxins..."
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Hypertension, ESRD and African-Americans, 2007.
This paper explores the risks of hypertension and end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the African-American community.
2,333 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that African-Americans are known to be more affected by end stage renal disease (ESRD) than any other group in North America. The paper shows the links between African-American social status, economic position and environment with hypertension and its progression to ESRD. The paper points out that the outstanding risk factors consist of socio-economic variables and therefore prevention and early treatment are essential strategies for controlling and ending the progression to ESRD for this population.
Outline:
Introduction
Epidemiology
Genetic/ Familial Factors
Pre-existing Diseases/Conditions
Incidence
Prevalence
Socio-economic Environment
Epidemic
Agent
Natural History of ESRD
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The host refers to the human being in whom an agent produces a disease. The host also refers to the human population that is at risk of developing the disease. The typical African American host with hypertension ESRD is poor and has little access to health care. Risk factors that increase the susceptibility of African Americans to progress to renal failure are age, gender, pre-existing diseases, lifestyle, and socio-economic factors."
"In the general population there is a strong link between increased age and an increased risk of ESRD. This holds true for African Americans where the average age of new ESRD patients was 61 years (Boone, 2000). A high proportion of the increase in ESRD is in the older age-groups (Pugh & Medina, 1995)."
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Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages, 2007.
This paper looks at Erik Erikson's eight psychosocial stages, while focusing on the adolescent stage.
1,138 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Erik Erikson is perhaps one of the most well-known ego-psychologists in modern social science. The writer explains that Erikson follows Sigmund Freud's idea of development and furthers it by focusing on society and cultural factors influencing the development of individuals. The writer points out that Erikson is known for his theory based on the epigenetic principle. The epigenetic principle is basically an extension of Freud's theory of stages. The writer looks at Erikson's theory that personality development goes through eight stages. The writer concludes that Erikson's theoretical framework explains adolescent stage as the struggle associated with adolescent maturity. However, the writer is of the view that adolescence does not necessarily mean struggle.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Development of Adolescents
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Each stage has particular crisis. For example stage one is characterized by trust vs. mistrust; stage two autonomy vs. shame and doubt; stage three initiative vs. guilt; stage four industry vs. inferiority; stage five ego-identity vs. role-confusion; stage six intimacy vs. isolation; stage seven generativity vs. self-absorption; and stage eight integrity vs. despair. One of the most important aspects of Erikson's' theory is the fact that he does not believe develop stops as the individual reaches adulthood. In fact Erikson believes that an individual continues to grow and develop even in old age, and hence stage eight.
"Erikson's theoretical premise is also characterized by the limitation he sets for each stage. This he terms as the optimal time which is required for the developmental success or failure of the stage. If the stage is managed well, individuals acquire certain virtue which helps them to deal with the other stages. The complexity of the individual personality therefore rests on the crisis development of each stage."
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Stages of Development, 2004.
This paper compares Freud?s five stages of childhood development with Erikson?s eight stages of development.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper details that five of Erikson?s stages line up roughly with Freud?s theory of human development, though they expand upon them and take much of the focus away from sex. The other three Erikson stages follow the continued course of an individual?s psychological life, something that Freud seemed to think terminates at early adulthood. The author believes that, while Freud?s work should be honored for its daring and its groundbreaking nature, Erikson?s is a more realistic and complete model. The paper continues that Erikson appears less committed than Freud to the idea that all dreams are a form of wish fulfillment and tends to read a more symbolic nature into them.
From the Paper
"The first stage of development according to Freud is the ?Oral? stage. This stage lasts between one and two years, and during it the child?s needs are most focuses around oral pleasure such as that derived from nursing or sucking. A child who is frustrated at this stage (not fed sufficiently, for example, or not allowed to breastfeed) will have a variety of future development problems stemming from his oral nature and characterized by sarcasm, envy, suspicion, and pessimistic ideas about the world and relationships."
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Kohlberg's Moral Stage Theory, 2005.
An analysis of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral stage development.
1,434 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that moral stage theory describes the cognitive and moral development of humans and that it consists of three main levels, each divided into two stages. The paper explains each of the six stages of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory. The paper discusses the objections from Duke University philosopher, Owen Flanagan, regarding the manner in which data is collected to support Kohlberg's theory. The paper explains that Flanagan's main argument against the theory is his disagreement with Kohlberg's conclusion that morality and moral development are unified in nature. In conclusion, the writer expresses Flanagan's opinion that in most cases humans do not use a single unified position when considering matters of morality, but that humans rely on a wide variety of reasoning tools to help negotiate moral dilemmas.
From the Paper
"The Moral Stage Theory of social psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg describes the cognitive and moral development of humans as consisting of three main levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Within each level there are two distinct stages. According to Kohlberg's theory, the development of morality in humans is closely related to our cognitive development. This development begins with absolute self-interest, and progresses toward a final deontological stage in which rational individuals are compelled by reason to accept their duty to preserve the fundamental rights of others."
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Stages of Group/Team Development, 2005.
An in-depth exploration of the necessary stages and phases which are vital for the development of a good team.
4,100 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
Throughout recent years, researchers have outlined a proper structure of what is considered as systematic stages and phases in which a team grows and develops and becomes a success. This paper reveals and assesses the various stages of group and team development. The paper starts by assessing the features and characteristics that are considered necessary for the growth and development of a team. Understanding this aspect is important because the various stages and phases actually serve the development of the group's/team's characteristics. Subsequently, the paper highlights the works of various theorists and researchers on the subject of the various stages of group and team development.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Salient Features of a Successful Team/Group
The Stages of Group/Team Development
Ellen C. Davis's Model of Group/Team Development
Barbara O'Keefe's Model of Team/Group Development
Myers Briggs Models of Group/Team Development
Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Maintaining quality is absolutely critical for the success of a team/group as quality is considered to be the measuring stick of a team's success. The complexity of this issue can be gauged from the fact revealed by many researchers that managers today tend to look at quality as doing the task correctly, the first time. This attitude has paved way for enhanced commitment and has also forced the team members to create and sustain values."
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