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"St. Jerome in his Study? by Albrecht Durer.
This paper analyzes the engraving, "St. Jerome in his Study? by Albrecht Durer, which is located in the Ball State Museum of Art in Indiana and the Clark Art Institute of Massachusetts.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Durer, a German artist who spent much time in Nuremberg, was part of the Northern Renaissance Gothic movement, which centered on Germany and the Netherlands in the 15th and 16th centuries. The author points out that this work is quite interesting because it not only shows the room in such detail, but also because of the items the artist included in the work. The paper stresses that ?St. Jerome in His Study" draws viewers into the work, giving a differing view every time they look at the piece.
From the Paper
"What is so miraculous about this piece is the detail Durer showed in the room. The windows are made up of tiny circles of glass, and their shadows radiated into the room, showing their makeup and the great attention to detail. The wooden ceiling is so realistic viewers can see the knots and grain of the wood, and a variety of items hang on the back wall, indicating that St. Jerome does have other pastimes, such as gardening, to keep him busy. The dominant colors in this work are black and white, while of course there are a variety of grays used in shadow and light. The starkness of the engraving gives a high degree of naturalism and realism to the print, and focuses directly on the man and his work, which is the main subject of this work."
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Albrecht Durer, Raphael, and Bronzino, 2004.
An examination of the works of Albrecht Durer, Raphael, and Bronzino.
1,795 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, between the years 1495 and 1538, following the Byzantine/Gothic periods, a powerful new vitality was stirring among the great thinkers and artists, which eventually brought about significant and beneficial changes in the world of art. It looks at how, at the threshold of the modern world, the artist came into his own and successfully claimed his work as being among the fine arts of man created during the Renaissance period. In particular, it explores how, out of the many men who created this epoch of magnificence in artistic expression, three individuals are of great importance: Albrecht Durer (1471-1528); Raphael (1483-1520); and Bronzino (1503-1572). It examines their lives and reviews some of their most famous pieces of art.
From the Paper
"As an artist, Albrecht Durer became the first northerner (being from Germany) to travel to Italy for the prime reason of studying Italian art and its underlying theories. Although Durer did not always succeed in fusing his own native German style with the Italian manner, he was the first northern artist to fully understand the basic aims of the southern Renaissance. His artistic point of view had much to do with his feeling for the form-creating possibilities of line which enabled him to create a body of work in woodcut, engraving and painting. While the art of the Renaissance Period in Italy expressed the monumental grandeur and majesty of figures, color and light, Durer united the northern sense of minute realism with the Italian tradition of balanced forms, massive and simple."
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Albrecht Durer's Religious Art, 1993.
A look at the 16th century German Renaissance artist's style, themes, major works, symbolism and technique.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Albrecht Durer's Religious Art
Albrecht Durer, a German Renaissance artist, has been likened to Leonardo da Vinci because of his search into man's physical and psychological being. He was interested in what was called "humors" or the temperament of people and has been termed the first true humanist of the North (Snyder 316). The word "humor" referred to the fluids in the body, and in the fifteenth century there were said to be four. The two secreted by the liver were gall and bile which caused despair and greed. Melancholia was also said to be the result of the humors of the liver. Phlegm, created in the lungs, was said to cause apathy, gluttony, and sloth. The sanguine humor was the product of overly active blood circulation, provoking vices of lust or lechery."
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St. Augustine and St. Francis, 1991.
This paper compares the views of St. Augustine and St. Francis (in St. Bonaventure) concerning morality, war, and property.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This paper compares and contrasts the views of St. Augustine and St. Francis (in St. Bonaventure) concerning morality, war, and property.
St. Augustine (354-430) was born in Roman North Africa of a and a pagan father. He received his initial schooling mainly in Latin literature, and he earned his living as a teacher in Carthage, Rome, and Milan. He joined the Manichaeans for several years, but was eventually disillusioned by the movement. After a period of skepticism, he was converted to Christianity by St. Ambrose and established a monastic community. In 391, he was ordained a priest at Hippo, becoming bishop there in 395.
Augustine believed in the importance of a single, unified Christian Church. He developed a theory of sin, grace, and ... "
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St.Madeleine or St. Mary Magdalene, 2002.
Description and discussion of the French church, St. Mary Magdalene.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
St.Madeleine or St. Mary Magdalene is the most colossal and dignified church in the village of France, called Vezelay, which is a work of Romanesque architecture. It is one of the most profound Romanesque churches built in the 12th century with the then traditional style of sculpture and architecture.
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Albrecht D?rer, 2006.
A study of the life and work of the great German painter, Albrecht Durer.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the life and work of Albrecht Durer, one of the great German painters of the Cinquecento, whose work was both influenced by and contributed to the spread of the Reformation throughout Germany. The author details Durer's personal history together with the historical developments in Germany and Christianity at the time. The paper also provides a detailed study of Durer's painting "The Four Apostles", which the author calls a culmination of his beliefs regarding the nature of God and the dignity of the human being.
From the Paper
"The Germany of Durer's time was still burdened by the feudal system and by widespread illiteracy. A growing, prosperous middle class paved the way for the social, economic and religious revisions that would later be called the Reformation. Still, because of the lack of sufficient education, paintings were a remarkably important source of information for the general populace. Durer was a devotee of Luther and of his ideas of direct human connection to God, and thus Durer's work was an significant vehicle for the dissemination of Reformation ideology."
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St. Thomas Aquinas & St Augustine, 2006.
A discussion regarding St. Thomas Aquinas versus St Augustine on the responsibilities of the state and the responsibilities of the ruler.
1,914 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Hebrew Scriptures were produced from the traditions of the ancient Israeli people, and that these scriptures fused moral, along with political injunctions as to how the state should create a just as well as a holy society, and defined the responsibilities of the leaders in relation to the people, as well as defined the citizen's relationship to the state. The paper goes on to say that Christianity, which is derived from Judaism, was spawned during a different political and historical point in Israeli history. The paper reviews how both the theologians St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas, when examining the responsibilities of the state, the ruler and the ruled in the Christian world, would also offer two different portraits of this judicial relationship, in attempting to reconcile scriptural prescriptions about correct behavior.
From the Paper
"However, in the Gospel According to St. Matthew, Jesus says: "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's" (Matthew 22:21) In other words, the purpose of religion is not to concern itself with the worldly affairs of the here and now, but the world to come. Jesus frequently implies that there is a dichotomy between the morals and values of the ruling state and the true values of a very different world above. The second beatitude of the "Sermon on the Mount" is one of Jesus' most famous: "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth." (Matthew 5:4) The meek that do not rule on earth will rule later on, and the rules that govern the world will be forever altered after the Day of Judgment. St. Paul reinforces this flesh and spirit divide in his Epistle to the Galatians: "For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, even in this: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." (Galatians 5:14) In other words, the true law of the land is spiritual, not the formally codified laws pertaining to ruling a state found in the Hebrew Bible. This is why Paul preaches against Christians observing the rules that Jews were bound by, such as circumcision. Christ had supplanted such old, physical laws. The laws of the world were of less concern than the inner laws of one's spiritual life."
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Jerome Bruner, 2002.
Examines the contributions made to psychology by twentieth century psychologist, Jerome S. Bruner and his various theories.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Jerome S. Bruner is one of the best known and influential psychologists of the twentieth century. He was one of the key figures in the so-called "cognitive revolution" but it is the field of education that his influence has been profound. Bruner has made numerous contributions to our appreciation of the process of education and to the development of curriculum theory. This paper explores Bruner's accomplishments, philosophy, and specific theories.
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Jerome Skolnick's "Justice Without Trial", 2005.
A review of Jerome Skolnick's book "Justice Without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society".
891 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and reviews author and criminal law professor Jerome Skolnick's book on justice in a democratic society. The paper explains the main thesis of Skolnick's book that the first line of defense in the protection of personal safety and property in any democratic society is that of effective law enforcement and then explains why Skolnick see this as inherently problematic.
From the Paper
"Skolnick wrote in 1966 that despite the appearance in the instutitionsal fabric of American society, of a disinterested justice ethic, the systemic focus upon clearance rates in the then-current American policy model of criminal justice encouaged police to merely create an appearnce of doing their job. Police, Skolnick argued when he first wrote the article that became the text under discussion, that the police were pursuing convictions rather than seeking truth at any price. Police were willing to see the innocent convicted, at the price of justice itself, merely to 'do their job' and they thought, to create a more secure society."
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St. Teresa of Avila in Joan Osborn's "St. Teresa", 1999.
Review of the lyrics, historical accuracy and content of Joan Osborn's song "St. Teresa" with a look at the actual life of the St. Teresa herself.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper is a historical song review that compares the lyrics of Joan Osborne song, "St. Teresa", to the actual events in the life of St. Teresa, the 16th century Spanish nun. The author looks at the lyrics, the historical context, the artist, and the works of the saint herself.
From the Paper
"The song St. Teresa by Joan Osborne on her 1995 album, Relish, is rather vague at a glance. The song begins in a street corner describing a woman and her child and moves into a mystical theme involving Saint Teresa. Osborne sings begins in first person, but shifts between what seems to be several characters in the song. St. Teresa, according to the songwriter herself, is actually about the women she saw from her window selling drugs on the corner through the night, their young children in tow. This scene was marked by a striking contrast between the innocence and purity of the children and the little crime, Osborne 17. Osborne?s vision of the absolute beauty and devastating abomination of mankind was liken to that of the saints? visions from God, especially that of Saint Teresa of Avila . Osborne takes on the voice of the saint, the sinner, and the omnipotent observer in the lyrics of St. Teresa."
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Jerome Rothenberg's "Technicians of the Sacred, 2002.
This paper discusses Jerome Rothenberg's "Technicians of the Sacred", which is an anthology of poetry that explores a variety of ceremonies and images from many different continents.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how these poems have inspired many people in different cultures, as we see a cross-range of poetries from Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. The author believes that Rothenberg is clearly preoccupied with what we can call "ethnopoetics", because he is interested in the link between what has been seen as "primitive" poetry with the kind of poetry that has emerged in the modern age.
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Mythology in "Her Sweet Jerome", 2005.
Compares this short story by Alice Walker to the myth of "Medea" by the ancient Greek, Euripides.
1,528 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
It is often said about Alice Walker that her works demonstrate a creation of modern American mythology. This paper shows that it can also be argued that Walker's thematic representation of character and universal human conflict is also a retelling of classic mythological themes. The paper examines how, in Walker's short story, "Her Sweet Jerome", she represents a retelling of the story of Euripides' "Medea".
From the Paper
"Within these two works is a universal story of the shunned and scorned woman and their revenge upon the injustice of men. The works are also steeped in literary tradition, with deep meaning and messages of feminine grief. Walker's work serves to remind the reader of Medea's tragedy. Her character is proactive, though unprepared for what she finds, as Medea is unprepared for Jason's treachery. The theme of Walker's work serves to remind the reader of the universality of the ancient theme of cultural rifts that can find themselves deeply embedded in the death of relationships, just as it was in the ancient."
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St. Francis's Rule and St. Benedict's Rule, 2004.
A comparison and analysis of these two Christian rules, which explain how one should live one's life.
1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
Both the Rule of St. Francis and the Rule of St. Benedict pertain to how to live a life in chastity and how to live a life with God. The major rules of both focus on the foundations of a life in being a God?s servant, particularly the apostolic way of life and that of belonging in a monastery. This paper explores these two rules and compares their major points.
From the Paper
"Though both rules focuses on the same principles of putting God in everything and that everything must be subservient to God, they however generally differ in the characteristics that they were implemented. St. Francis?s rules were highly set in terms of practice. Their implementation were more of severity in character especially on matters regarding appropriating temporal things to one?s self."
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Virginity in Eastern Christianity, 2000.
A look at the letter of St. Jerome to Eustochium outlining the moral virtue of virginity.
2,176 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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This paper is about the letter of St. Jerome to Eustochium, a nun in the 4th century, outlining why he thinks she has chosen correctly in remaining a virgin. It discusses how Jerome was instrumental in securing that celibacy was held as the noblest state and that marriage was seen as solely for the procreation of children, hopefully virgins. Virginity was to be exalted above any other lifestyle choice. It examines how at the time, the idea of virginity dominated the entire female livelihood and was a measure of a women?s religiosity. Through the letter, it outlines the ideals for a woman in early Christianity and the thinking at the time towards the body and sex.
From the Paper
"Throughout the letter there are also many references that clearly show Jerome?s bias in thinking that virginity was the superior and proper way for a woman to live her life. He speaks about his letter to Julian, his friend, and is overjoyed to discover that his sister has chosen this path for herself and had remained firm in her resolve (Kelly, 51). He clearly praises Eustochium for dedicating herself to this great virtue from such a young age and comments that she is much stronger than her sister, who only took the vows of chastity after her husband died."
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"The Confessions of St. Augustine", 2007.
A review of St. Augustine's autobiography, "The Confessions of St. Augustine".
2,169 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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This paper discusses the life of St. Augustine and particularly focuses on his autobiography entitled "The Confessions of St. Augustine". The paper begins by describing Augustine's life before his conversion to Christianity and his journey to God. The paper then describes St. Augustine's book as a spiritual autobiography and a series of meditations upon how the author believes he came to be led to the path of God.
From the Paper
"Augustine also attempts to rationalize his devotion to the Manicheans, a competing sect, by explaining that now he knows what real love for God feels like, he sees what seemed real to be transient: "the fantasies of the Manicheans were not in any way like thee as thou hast spoken to me now. They were simply fantastic and false. In comparison to them the actual bodies which we see with our fleshly sight, both celestial and terrestrial, are far more certain." (III.VI.10) Without God's help, however, Augustine even sees all of his later success in law as meaningless, and as unguided. Even good aspects of the world before his conversion, like God's creation of human beings, were filtered through his desire for either approval or sex, rather than an appreciation of God."
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