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Spain and the European Union, 2005.
An overview of the reasons why Spain joined the European Union.
4,571 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
An overview of the European Union and its functions and aims are presented at the outset of this paper to show why Spain joined the Union and what the criterion were that Spain possessed that the European Union found sufficient enough for it to join. All the member states, including Spain, are now facing better prospects as they are enjoying better economic and regional development in their state. The paper concludes that Spain is better off because it joined the European Union. The European Union in itself has made Europe a strong force to be reckoned with, and as more and more members join in, the European Union will only grow in strength, and the member states will benefit immensely.
From the Paper
"The Article 151 of the Treaty of the European Union that establishes the European Community as such, states that the capabilities of a community in a cultural atmosphere will be defined and that a certain community would respect the culture and the tradition of other cultures in a way that diversity would be promoted and encouraged. Cultural and community are interrelated in certain ways, and the members of the European Union must remember this. The issue of the incorporation of equal opportunity into the community policies of the European Union is also an important one that has served to exert an influence on the economic and the regional development of Spain."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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Profitability in Unionized and Non-Union Companies, 2005.
A look at the impact that a union has on a firm's profit and investment.
893 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes studies that looked at whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than non-union firms and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to non-unionized ones. After reviewing the literature, the paper concludes that, while unions generally transfer payment from shareholders to employees, there is a downside to unionization; it may inhibit the very investment needed to run the company.
From the Paper
"As long ago as 1994, researchers were interested in ascertaining whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than nonunion firms, and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to nonunionized ones. Morgan investigated shareholder risk and rates of return in both sorts of companies during the period 1973-1987. Morgan?s work cited earlier work of Becker and Olson (1989) in which they provided an analysis of differences in shareholder risk and returns in union and nonunion companies, finding that shareholders in more highly unionized companies realized lower rates of return than did shareholders in the nonunion companies. Becker and Olson had further suggested that lower shareholder returns during the 1970s had led management to attempt to limit the extent of unionization during the 1980s in a move to reverse that trend. (Morgan, 1994, unpaged)"
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Spain's Economics, 1999.
An overview of the nation's politics, culture, fiscal condition, business opportunities and its relationship with the European Union.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 13 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This research reviews the relationship between Spain and the European Union (EU). The implications of this relationship for international management also are addressed
From the Paper
"SPAIN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Introduction
This research reviews the relationship between Spain and the European Union (EU). The implications of this relationship for international management also are addressed.
Environmental Characteristics of the Spanish Market
The environmental characteristics of the Spanish market are addressed in five contexts. These environmental contexts are political, cultural, economic, regulatory, and technological.
Political
Spain has a population approximating 40 million, with a population growth rate slightly higher than that for most western European countries. Major ethnic groups include Spanish (Castillian, Valencians, Andalusians, and Asturians)-72.8 percent of the ..."
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Spain, Portugal and the Euro, 2006.
This well-researched paper details the economies of both Spain and Portugal while focusing on the impact of the Euro on both of these countries.
3,224 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper details the birth of the European Union, or EU, as an intergovernmental organization of European countries, considered the most powerful regional organization at present. The chief activity of the EU covers the establishment and administration of a common single market, which consists of a customs union, a single currency called the Euro, a common agricultural policy and a common fisheries policy. The writer of this paper delves into the economies of both Spain and Portugal while discussing the impact of the Euro on both of these countries. Portugal's economy is based on traditional industries, including textiles, clothing, footwear, cork and wood products, beverage, porcelain and earthenware, glass and glassware. This paper details Portugal's inclusion into the EU as well as its impressive showing in Europe's automotive sector and services, particularly tourism, which has played a significant role in reviving this once depressed economy. After joining the EU, the Spanish government continued with its programs of liberalization, privatization and deregulation of the economy as well as tax reforms. Following its membership in the EU in 1986, Spain experienced strong economic growth and trade expansion, which are clearly described in this paper. This paper also contains relevant statistics and data regarding both countries' economies before and after inclusion into the European Union.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Changes in General Performance and Structural Economy
Portugal
Spain
Impact of the Euro on Portugal and Spain
Expectations
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Poverty reduction is a major goal in Portuguese cooperation, which has yet to be sufficiently addressed. In tackling this goal, Portugal places top priority to education and health. Unfortunately, these allocations do not strictly target the poor and there has not been a focus on prominent sector-wide approaches. As to debt actions, Portugal has made higher payments at $126 million in 1999, which was 35% of the total ODA gross disbursements. The DAC average was only 4%. Most of its actions come from defaults on state guaranteed private export credits and loans. Its ICP's strategic role in coordination likewise remains insufficient in minimizing overlaps of aid programmes by the different ministries and other agencies. Operating tools and useful guidelines still have to be developed and evaluations undertaken in a comprehensive and effective way."
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Managing in Union Environment, 1999.
Functions of a union & its advantages for workers. Looking at managing in union & non-union workplaces, alternative internal & external dispute resolutions, ergonomic inspections and labor law.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 16 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"MANAGING IN A UNION ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
This research examines the issue of managing in a union environment. The findings of this examination are presented in discussions of (1) the role of a labor union, (2) managing in a union versus a non-union environment, (3) applicable laws, and the role of human resources management in a union environment.
Role of A Labor Union
While the impact on the process of determining wage levels remains an important factor with respect to labor union activity, it may no longer be the central factor with respect to these organizations. Further, the ability of labor unions to affect the wage determination process will not be the only factor that ultimately determines whether or not organized labor will continue to.."
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Trade Unions, 2002.
Looks at the development of trade unions in countries of the European Union.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the development, function, and future of trade unions in the European Union. In particular, the approaches and strategies taken by the trade unions of Spain and the UK are examined. Finally,the paper touches upon the growing negative opinion of trade unions.
From the Paper
"With regard to the trade unions and their development, the International Labor Organization has done a recent study on the trade unions in Spain. We shall first have a look at the findings of that study before we move on to have an understanding of the Trade Union congress. Spain has the highest rates of accidents in industries, highest number of workers who are temporary, and the highest numbers of unemployed among the countries of the European Union."
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Labor Unions, 2005.
A look at the history of labor unions and the advantages of hiring unionized workers today.
2,231 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how during the nineteenth century, labor organizations focused on ways to strengthen and secure themselves. In contrast, it looks at how today, labor unions are faced with a much different world and how due to the changing environment, companies are realizing a larger economy of scale by becoming part of the global economy. It discusses the role of the labor union as well as the advantages and disadvantages of hiring unionized workers.
Outline
Introduction
Labor Unions of the Past
Labor Unions of Today
What Does a Union Do?
Reasons for Joining a Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first concern of a labor union is getting members, organizing the unorganized. Every national union carries on organizing activities through a staff of professional organizers. These days the organizers are likely to be well-educated, sophisticated individuals, with a college degree. Although their carefully planned organizing efforts will be aided by rank and file members, union organizers must have the same knowledge of human motivation and skill in communications techniques as any vice-president of marketing. Organizers in a sense are marketing people, marketing the concept of union membership. Companies vulnerable to unionization often have consultants on retainer or experts on staff to forestall or defeat attempts to organize them."
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Forming an Economic Union, 2007.
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of forming an economic union.
3,517 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of forming an economic union, and possibly a monetary union to which members could, subject to conditions, apply to join. Factors such as possible membership, timetable, trade and investment effects, convergence of economies, economic and social consequences and administrative structure are covered briefly, yet concisely. The experiences of the European Union/Monetary Union are used as support for the arguments which are presented in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the study
The Aim of an Economic Union
The Disadvantages of an Economic Union
Economic Union and the Dilemma of Collective Action
Arguments Against an Economic Union
Advantages for an Economic Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A vital question for the triumph of an economic union is whether the economic union placed by an autonomous, supranational central bank in addition to fiscal (and other) procedures managed by a national government is helpful not only to price-steadiness but also towards economic development. This concern related to an economic union stems mainly from the commencement of the euro during 1999. Since the Euro inception, there has been a constant flow of disapproval concerning the EU'S system for economic union and harmonization. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) - perhaps, the most well-known aspects of union -- has been constantly criticized by economists as an unimagined, dull and eventually counter-productive procedure that encourages pro-cyclic fiscal procedures, slows down economic revival and harms the durable growth prospective of the EU financial system. In addition, accusation has also been cited, quite frequently, against the incapability of the policy structure to provide a logical policy blend, as well as, laments the deficient of suppleness in policy management (Fitoussi and Creel, 2002)."
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What Are Trade Unions?, 2004.
Describes the different types and functions of trade unions.
3,953 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth study of the various aspects of trade unions. The history, functions, types, and characteristics of trade unions are all discussed. Included in the paper is a comparison of international trade unions, a look at how trade unions influence industrial relations, a discussion of conflict resolution techniques employed by trade unions, and a discussion on collective bargaining.
What Are Trade Unions
How Do Trade Unions Influence Industrial Relations
What Are Industrial Relations
How Does A Trade Union Try To Solve Any Industrial Conflict
What Is Collective Bargaining
The Negotiation Process
From the Paper
"The UK has the oldest Trade Union movements in the world, going back over two centuries, originally designed to secure employment for workers in skilled craft industries. Towards the end of the nineteenth century labourers and unskilled workers were allowed to join. In 1825 an Act was passed allowing trade unions to exist, although this Act limited their right to strike."
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Reagan's Foreign Policy, and the Soviet Union, 2004.
Analyses the Reagan foreign policy, and how it consistently confronted the Soviet Union in ways that forced it to spend huge amounts of money on defense. Makes the argument that this is the main reason that the Soviet Union collapsed.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the portions of Ronald Reagan's foreign policy that confronted the Soviet Union in ways that forced the United States to spend large amounts of money. The foreign policy issues that are examined include Afghanistan, The Iran-Contra Affair, Reagan's support of Eastern-European Dissidents and Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, (also known as "Star Wars"). Afghanistan is heavily analyzed, with a breakdown of significant historical points, such as the introduction of the US-made Stinger missile, which stripped the USSR of air superiority. The Iran-Contra affair is included as a way to demonstrate Reagan's willingness to confront communism everywhere. This was a marked policy shift from Jimmy Carter and caught the USSR off guard. The Strategic Defense Initiative is analyzed and is linked to an increased amount of money being spent by the USSR on research and development. The support of dissidents by Reagan is looked at as well, with the conclusion that with relatively little amounts of effort, Reagan's foreign policy fomented large amounts of political opposition to the Soviet Union in Eastern European satellite countries. This caused the Soviet Union to spend money combating this problem as well, with their spy apparatus. Definitive numbers are given that explain just how much the Soviet Union spending increased while Reagan was in office.
From the Paper
"In the 1980's, a swirling of events converged to form a perfect storm that met the conditions for bringing down what Ronald Reagan termed the "evil empire." The first incident was that Old School communists in the Politburo sought to make an impression in Central Asia, but found stalwart resistance in The Gipper. Second, Reagan's abrupt shift from Carter's lax foreign policy took the Soviets by surprise, with the new administration's desire to challenge communism on every front possible; out of this desire came the ill-fated support of the contras, along with the hugely successful backing of Eastern European dissidents, namely the Solidarity movement in Eastern Europe. The third event in Reagan's foreign policy shift that took the world by surprise was the administration's renunciation of the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction; Reagan took the steps of beginning a Ballistic Missile Defense program, which he coined the Strategic Defense Initiative. The Soviets, with few options of recourse, were forced to make concessions that led to the implosion of the "evil empire" shortly afterward. Thus, by applying a policy of confrontation of spreading Communism, bleeding the Soviets in Afghanistan by supporting the mujahideen, and abruptly announcing a paradigm shift in American foreign policy with the Strategic Defense Initiative, Ronald Reagan certainly hastened, if not caused the downfall of the USSR."
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Labor Unions, 2008.
This paper explores the influence of public labor unions today.
2,226 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the history of labor unions and disagrees with the belief that labor unions are archaic and provide few benefits to workers in the 21st century. The paper explores the political power and influence that labor unions have in shaping Senate and House legislation in the US, in addition to monitoring the policies that may impact domestic labor. The paper shows how labor union influence in contemporary United States politics and public policy has gained momentum in shaping the outcome of domestic and foreign policy.
Outline:
The Contemporary Role of Labor Unions
The Labor Union Power Game
Changes that Impacted the Labor Union Political Strategy
From the Paper
"The original form and function of the labor union was to provide protection, benefits and a political voice for workers in manufacturing and skilled trades. In the early 20th century, the AFL-CIO was formed, and influential movers such as Samuel Gompers aided in the facilitation of increased wages and benefits for textile and manufacturing workers. The power of labor unions progressed so quickly and drastically, that President Franklin Delano Roosevelt included a labor regulation policy in the New Deal in the early 1930's. As a result, the Department of Labor was established to monitor the authenticity of labor unions in addition to regulating the practices and extent of power of these advocacy groups."
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The Future of Unions in Labor Relations, 2004.
Discussion of whether unions are still necessary in today's work force.
3,677 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether unions are still necessary in today's work force. It raises the following questions. How much power do unions have when their members go out on strike? Who generally wins when an employer and a union square off against each other? Are unions changing to match the current economics of today's business environment.
Outline
The Role That Unions Play
The Importance of Strikes
How Unions Get Their Members
Specific Strikes
Conclusion: Are Unions Still Viable
From the Paper
"Unions came about from the struggles and pain that individuals had to go through early on in history. Unions were something that did not spring up overnight, but rather took a great deal of time to develop as individuals began working out for themselves what types of organizations would be the best to protect their rights and ensure that they could not be treated cruelly or unfairly by those that they worked for (Kearney, 2001). The right to collective bargaining took almost 200 years in the United States but today these rights are held in almost every country (Kearney, 2001)."
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Unionism, 2005.
A review of Unionism in the United States.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In the early days, the union was considered a moral establishment, ensuring that workers worked in safe and equitable environments. In today's society however, where capitalist endeavors dominate, wages and working conditions are already reasonable for the most part, thus unions are flailing. This paper shows that if one examines critically the purpose of unions, many may find their modus of operation outdated and their strategies unreasonable for the modern marketplace. More and more American workers and employers are recognizing that the benefits of a union do not outweigh the hassle associated with membership.
This paper shows that many have even expressed the notion that unions are more adept at advancing their own interests at the public's expense rather than accomplishing any worthwhile task.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
History of Unions
Unions in Modern Society
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Many perceive unions to be archaic in nature, attempting to focus on issues that are irrelevant to the contemporary workforce (Hyman, 2002). Unions have also been merging, causing negative reactions against members. Many workers are also increasingly disgruntled at the idea of paying fees for a service they feel may or may not benefit them in the long run. Other employees see unions as the oppressor, charging membership dues that they are obligated to pay whether or not they agree with the foundational principles of the organization."
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European Colonialism, 2005.
This paper discusses European colonialism in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from the 15th century onward, European colonization of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa was motivated by economic greed and by religious zeal on the part of European nations, especially Spain, to spread Christianity to the "uncivilized" indigenous peoples. The author points out that, as a result of New World colonialism, Spanish influence is still strongly felt throughout the Americas today and British, Dutch, French and Portuguese influence is still strongly evident in many parts of Africa. The paper stresses that this European colonization created massive changes, most of which were for the worse, in the physical landscape and in the economic distribution of wealth and resources on both continents, which today continue to strongly affect the people, their lack of resources and the overall conditions of those areas.
From the Paper
"Latin America today suffers similarly in many ways, also an unfortunate legacy of past European invasion. Perhaps most interestingly, Brazil, the Latin American nation most ravaged by the Portuguese, suffers from an AIDS epidemic equal to those of parts of Africa. Indigenous peoples of Brazil, their numbers severely decreased by a smallpox epidemic brought by European settlers, live today in isolated pockets of Andean poverty. Some of Brazil's indigenous tribes are so small today that they risk dying out within the next generation. Meanwhile, Brazil's tropical rain forests continue today to be destroyed in the name of "progress", wreaking havoc with our worldwide ecosystem."
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