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The Solid State Physics of the Light Emitting Diode, 2002.
How LEDs work and their future.
2,006 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how light emitting diodes (LEDs) work, materials used to make them, their significance in everyday appliances, and what they may be used for in the future by employing new technologies. The full utility of these devices has not yet been realized; they are highly efficient and have many applications in illumination and storage technology. This paper ?sheds some light? on the many uses for this seemingly simple device.
From the Paper
"Before discussing semiconductors and semiconductor devices we should first cover the basics of conduction. Conductivity of a material is dependent on three factors. First is the number of charge carriers per unit volume or carrier density. Charge carriers can be electrons, holes or ions or any combination thereof. The second factor is the charge per carrier. This is typically measured in Coulombs so it is the elementary charge in the case of electrons and holes or is the charge of the ion in that case. The third factor is the charge mobility. This factor is a little more complicated and will be covered in more depth later. It is dependent, however, on acceleration of the carrier, dependent on electric field strength, and the average time between collisions, which is dependent on temperature and defect concentration. The conductivity is then the product of these three terms."
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Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), 2006.
An examination of the technology and uses of organic light emitting diodes.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), one of the major technological breakthroughs since the invention of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in providing digital lighting and display. The paper examines how these components display brighter colors, produce faster refresh rates, consume less power, and cost less to manufacture. The paper further discusses how OLEDs are being used in consumer electronics such as cellular phones, personal digital organizers (PDAs), and flat-screen televisions. The paper examines how these can be used in virtual reality, heads-up display (HUDs), and in the military. The paper concludes that the technology looks very promising, and may provide us with a cheaper and better alternative to current LCDs and LEDs in displaying bright and crisp digital images.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction to Topic
History / Background
Current Technology/Implementations/Understandings
A. OLED Structure
B. OLED Operation
C. Advantages
D. Disadvantages
Analysis of Existing Knowledge
Summary of Topic
Short Term Outlook
Recommendations and/or Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"When electricity is applied to the OLED (around 2 to 10 volts), the electrical current is received by the cathode and gives electrons to the emissive layer. At the same time the anode also receives an electric current and it sucks electrons from the conductive layer. This creates "electron holes" between the emissive and conductive layers, which are then filled up. This is the step which creates light. To create brighter light, it is only necessary to increate the electrical current. To create colors, several OLED layers are used which contain color components for red, green, and blue (Freudenrich, n.d.)."
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Bud Light and Coors Light, 2002.
A comparison of the international markets for the beer products Bud Light and Coors Light.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Light beers have become a viable product in the last few years showing a certain ambiguous health consciousness on the part of the public, at least in America, so that people continue to drink beer but try to reduce their caloric intake at the same time. This paper compares the international markets for the products Bud Light (Anheuser-Busch International, Inc) and Coors Light (Coors Brewing Company).
The paper shows that taste may be a consideration in deciding which beer to purchase, but the success or failure of a lite beer in the international marketplace will depend as much on the marketing and distribution apparatus and skills of the companies that produce these beers, thus raising the issue of whether Anheuser-Busch or Coors will be better able to deliver the product to the consumer. The paper concludes that by this criterion in particular, Bud Light is in a better position than Coors Light.
From the Paper
"Coors has been making progress in the international marketplace as well, but it has also encountered some problems. Canada is a major market for beer, as noted, and Coors had an agreement with Canada's biggest brewer, Molson Breweries, for licensing rights to Coors' top-selling beers in Canada. A dispute arose in 1996 leading to an agreement that Molson would continue to brew and sell Coors Light, Canada's dominant light beer, and Original Coors through June 30, 1997, with doubts about what would happen after that. A court ruling had found that Molson had breached its licensing deal by allowing Miller Brewing Co., a unit of Philip Morris Cos. Inc., to buy a 20 percent stake without Coors' consent in 1993. Molson Breweries is also owned 40 percent each by Toronto-based Molson Cos. Ltd. and Australia's Foster's Brewing Group Ltd. Molson had to pay Coors damages in the millions of dollars (Schuettler, "Coors/Molson Agree"). Coors Light is the dominant light beer in Canada, commanding a 5 to 5.5 percent share of the beer market, and Coors can ill-afford to ignore this market (Schuettler, "Molson Shares Dive")."
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The Physics Of Color Television, 1995.
This analysis is a survey of how each of several branches of physics (quantum physics, molecular physics, biophysics, electrophysics, spectralphysics qne astrophysics) combine to create the medium of color television.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The Physics of Color Television
Most people who claim they do not understand physics, or who wonder if physics is important to learn about, do not realize that they probably spend two or more hours a day staring at complex multiple physics in action -- their color television sets (Dasgupta, 1994, 62). There they see in operation quantum physics (QP), molecular physics (MP), biophysics (BP), electrophysics (EP), spectralphysics (SP) and astrophysics (AP) -- to name just the more obvious (Basalla, 1988, 62). This analysis is a survey of how each of these branches of physics combine to create the medium of color television. To save space, the abbreviations of the physics fields will follow each application."
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Physics of Batman, 2008.
A discussion of the physics involved in the 1989 Movie "Batman".
1,179 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the physics of the survival techniques of the superhero Batman, by using a scene from the 1989 self titled movie : "Batman" as an example. The paper explains how the film reveals that Batman must have super human strength to be able to survive a fatal crash with such a corresponding large force unharmed. The paper discusses how the plane's mass, changing velocity, and force would kill a normal person and how Batman must have super-strength to survive such a crash. The paper then shows how the physics displayed in the movie were the concepts of force, impulse, and momentum and were accurately illustrated and correctly represented.
From the Paper
"In the unfortunate event that a plane happens to crash, the crash is almost always fatal. Why is this? The answer lies in the physics of the crash, particularly impulse and momentum. Momentum can be defined as the product of an object's mass and its speed. The definition of an impulse is force multiplied by time (Kakalios 49). So the equation is Force x Time = Mass x Velocity. This equation states that a change in momentum is caused by a force applied over time. Objects with larger momentum are harder to stop than objects with a smaller momentum. This is because a momentum change over a long period of time will result in a small force to stop an object while a momentum change over a short period of time will result in a large force to stop an object."
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The Physics of Baseball, 2005.
This paper describes the physics involved in baseball.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The baseball is a game that has become a science to many. From the phenomena of a curve ball to the excitement of a home run physical science plays a factor. This paper explains that in baseball there is more to the game than what the ordinary fan sees, however, many scientists have spent time studying this extraordinary game. This paper looks at the physics behind hitting and pitching.
From the Paper
"In order to be successful in the game of baseball, a baseball player has to apply the laws of physics. There is more to the game than what people see. "Baseball is like church, many attend but few understand" said Wes Westrum, who coached the San Francisco Giants in 1962. A position player has to position himself according to the wind, the speed of the pitch being thrown, the type of pitch being thrown, the placement of the pitch, and the speed of the batter's swing. While a pitcher takes into account the humidity and the way the wind is blowing to determine the best way to put the batter out. All players rely on their quick reflexes and hand eye coordination to play our nation's pastime. In this brief essay I will discuss how the laws of physics apply to the game of baseball."
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Karna And The Physics Of Power, 2002.
Discusses the story of Karna and its relation to the "physics of power" as presented in Arhundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In chapter 12 of "The God of Small Things" by Arhundhati Roy, the author ushers us into a performance of the story of Karna from the "Mahabharata", as presented by kathakali dancers in the empty temple in Ayemenem. The paper explains what the story of Karna can teach us about the "physics of power."
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1956 Noble Prize Winners in Physics, 2005.
This paper discusses the work of the 1956 Nobel prize winners in physics: William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain were given the 1956 Nobel prize winners in physics for their research on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect, which started the development of presnet-day communications. The author points out that William Shockley's speech at the giving of the Nobel Prize stressed that some important segments of United States industry, such as Bell Laboratories from where two of the three Nobel Laureates came, believed in the theory that research of a fundamental character is important from a practical aspect. The paper describes the process of research that led to these discoveries.
From the Paper
"In his own life, he had been asked many times whether the experiment that he had planned was pure or applied research. At the same time, for the research scientist it was probably more important to know whether the particular piece of research will provide some more useful and lasting knowledge about nature. According to his opinion, if any such knowledge was possible, then the particular research should be classified as fundamental research and it did not matter whether the reasons for undertaking the research was purely personal motivation or with any other view."
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Physics and The Economy of Developing Nations, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of how physics can help the economy of developing nations.
2,083 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature, as well as organizational and governmental online resources to determine how physics can be used to help developing nations become self-sufficient in food and water production. It particularly focuses on treadle irrigation pumps and how they have been accepted by developing nations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Review
Summary
From the Paper
"The treadle pump costs much less to operate, having no fuel and only limited repair and maintenance costs. For example, a cost analysis by Hyman (1995), cited in Perry & Dotson) compared treadle pumps and motorized pumps used in Senegal; this analysis showed that a cubic meter of water used in the irrigation of 0.5 hectares had an equivalent cost of $0.08 when supplied by the treadle pump which was just less than half the $0.17 cost for the same amount of water delivered by a motorized pump (Perry & Dotson, 2005).
The treadle pump also possesses a number of features which set it apart from other non-motorized irrigation pumps."
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Contemporary Theoretical Physics, 2004.
An overview of several contemporary theories in physics.
2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and explains several theories in physics, such as the M theory, string theory, quantum mechanics, and general relativity theory. It presents them in layman's terms and explains how these theories all work (or don't work) together.
From the Paper
"Quantum mechanics or the quantum field theory has worked well to describe the known behaviors and properties of particles of the Planck length or very small particles. General Relativity works with large objects like planets and galaxies. However the theories only works when one of the two theories can be neglected. General relativity has explained a lot about the universe, the evolution of stars, the orbits of planets, and best-known theory ?the Big Bang?. It also shows how black holes and gravitational forces work. However, the General relativity theory only works on its own and when we think of the universe in traditional matter because of the fact that quantum mechanics dose not comply the description of General Relativity. The two work well to explain the theories they were set up to explain however the do not work together. String theory was then conceived to explain the how Quantum Mechanics, the really small stuff, and General Relativity, the really large stuff, works together."
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Aristotle's "The Physics", 2005.
This paper explains Aristotle's thoughts on the existence of natural bodies, using the terms luck, chance and teleology as presented in his book "The Physics".
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Aristotle defines "luck" ("tuche" in Greek) as part of human affairs and human intentions, "chance" as the interruption of a process, which produces an unusual result, and "teleology" as end or goal directness. The author points out that Aristotle believes that an inanimate thing, a lower animal or a child cannot do anything by chance or luck because it is incapable of deliberate intention; good fortune or ill fortune can not be attributed to them except metaphorically. The paper suggests that Aristotle believes that chance and luck do exist but they usually do not last as long as that which comes naturally.
From the Paper
"Luck is another word for chance, but it is used for the daily lives of men, instead of how they came to exist. When good luck comes to men, it is called good. When bad luck comes to people, it is called evil. A good example of this is coming into great fortune. It is said that the existence of great fortune is unstable, because like the monster, great fortune is not natural. Happiness is another example of good luck, but an example, which may last."
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Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical Influence on Physics, 1997.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the life of Sir Issac Newton and the points of his life that brought forth his great advances in the realm of physics and mathematics.
From the Paper
"As a child Sir Isaac Newton took little interest in what was being taught to his classmates (Bixby 90). Instead, he found ways to fulfill his desire to learn. He marked where the shadows fell in his yard in order to keep time, thus producing his sundial (Rattansi 12). His interest in rushing water inspired Newton to build a windmill. He created the first horseless carriage. In addition to the pursuit of his numerous boyhood interests, Newton spent time with his landlord as the apothecary and concocted remedies for the illnesses of the locals (Christianson 16)."
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Exponential Physics: The Cooling of Hot Coffee, 1999.
This is a report on a practical lab study utilizing exponential patterns and equations. The finite study investigates the temperature T of hot coffee, and the time t that the coffee has cooled.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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From the Paper
"It was determined that this relationship is exponential and that the temperature of coffee at a given time can be found by using the equation
T = T0e(-0.0115)t.
This formal report contains a full theoretical background with all derived equations, as well as data tables and graphs to analyze and expound upon all pertinent data."
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Theoretical Physics in 19th Century, 1993.
Crises caused by new discoveries, classical mechanics, Second Law of Thermodynamics and electromagnetism.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" By the last few decades of the nineteenth century, theoretical physics was entering a state of crisis.. This crisis, which reached its culmination about the turn of the century, was due to several factors. New discoveries, some quite accidental (such as that of X-rays) made physicists aware of previously unimagined form of radiant energy..
In addition, the development of precise means of measurements allowed experimental confirmation to be sought even for extremely subtle effects, which previously would have remained in the domain of theory alone.. For example, the luminiferous ether, through which light was supposed to move, was widely assumed to exist by nineteenth century physicists. Once its effects became measurable, experimentalists sought to identify them--and failed to find them, triggering a crisis.."
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"The Tao of Physics" ( Fritjof Capra ), 1997.
Reviews work on practical & conceptual connections between modern science & mysticism, Western & Eastern approaches to reality, focusing on the need for balance between the two.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 1 source, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"The search for knowledge in the West today is based very much on the scientific method and on rational inquiry, and this is often contrasted with the way of knowing in Eastern mysticism. The two means of ascertaining knowledge are normally considered to be far apart, but in Fritjof Capra's book The Tao of Physics, parallels are found between the two approaches which show that the insights of modern physics actually offer more explanation for certain elements of mysticism. The conclusion is that as the people of the world try to educate themselves in the sciences, they would do well to educate themselves in and to practice spiritualism and mysticism as well and so to gain insight from both ways of knowing.
Different cultures produce their own particular way of structuring the world they see around them. They use religion.."
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