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Sociological Theory: Gang Behavior, 2002.
A discussion on the fundamental components of sociological theory, examining gang behavior using symbolic interactionism and conflict theory.
3,575 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This essay is a basic introduction to the fundamental components of a sociological theory. Included is a comprehensive analysis of both conflict theory and symbolic interactionism. Gang behavior is used to illustrate key terms and concepts from each theory, as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
From the Paper
"Theories serve several functions in the development and evaluation of scientific knowledge. Theories provide us with systematic procedures to evaluate social phenomenon. These procedures are well organized and comprehensive. Theories are not just knowledge structures; they are sets of interrelated statements that apply to a wide range of phenomenon. Chafetz said, ?in theory construction, the exercise is only more systematic, comprehensive, more guided and constrained by rules, and finally is more self-conscience? (Chafetz, p. 2). "
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Perspectives on Gang Related Behaviour., 2008.
A review of the causes of behaviour and activity in criminal gangs.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses three explanations for the behaviour of gangs in society and notes that their behaviour is composed of a complex of social, cultural and psychological contributory components. The paper relates that increases in gang incidences appear as a result of social, cultural and economic activity and that evidence shows that gang involvement is a socio-economical phenomenon and should be dealt with in this category. The paper further investigates the psychological point of view and gives explanation and understanding for this type of activity and suggests that only a criminal justice policy can correct these types of behaviour.
From the Paper
"Gangs have been the subject of detailed scholarly analysis for almost a century, with this analysis tending almost from the beginning to recognize gangs not simply as a criminal justice problem, or an example of disturbed youth, but rather as a form of social organization that develops in response to a range of specific social, economic and cultural stimuli, and actually comprises a spectrum of behaviours which - although often deviant and anti-social - nonetheless represent a logical response to these stimuli."
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Street Gang Behavior, 1989.
Discusses socioeconomic & cultural causes of gang violence, crime, drug abuse & dealing, honor code, rejection of mainstream values and innovative adaptive behaviors.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Offering a "substitute for what society fails to give," (Thrasher, 1927, p. 33) the urban gang attracts youth through the promise of alternatives and opportunity not found elsewhere. Once the gang is created, its behavior--activities and attitudes--generally reflect the failures and absence of opportunity found in the social and economic structures of American society. Alienation and restriction of gang members (and the entire communities in which they develop) from participation and success in middle-class society forces a search for alternative,
innovative means with which a sense of dignity, purpose, and accomplishment can be experienced. The gang behaves in many varied ways, from (...)"
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Gang Theory, 1989.
Describes social theories explaining gang formation & membership. Examines social deviance, social disorganization, control & strain models and delinquency theory.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Who joins the gang? On the surface this question seems to have a clear answer. However, answers often pertain to individual characteristics due to the individual nature of the question. Most people assume that potential gang members are plain hoodlums, or people who desire and even accept criminal activity as a way of life. For this reason calculated solutions to the gang problem frequently revolve around methods of dealing with the individual such as counselors or the youth authority and even prison. But as time has told these are ineffective. Recent media attention of gang activity illustrates this failure. Consequently the need for a different approach emerges. One of the initial steps in the process of understanding all of the dynamics of the gang problem lies in recognizing the gang issue as a social one. At this point (...)"
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Chicano Gangs: History And Sociological Relevance., 2002.
Discussion of the origins of the Chicano gangs, the reasons behind their development and the public perception they created of second generation Mexican immigrants.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The culture and language of Mexican immigrants labeled them as outsiders by the dominant society. Most of the new arrivals respected the boundaries that existed, but the second generation found them hard to abide. Attracted by the downtown shopping districts, beaches, and glamour of Hollywood, many of the members of the second generation broke the unwritten rules that forbade their presence in these places. This pachuco generation attracted the negative attention of the Anglo-American population. 9 pgs. bibliography lists 5 sources.
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The Sociology of Deviant Behavior, 2004.
An analysis of violence, deviant behavior, labeling, and conflict theories through a review of "Code of the Street," written by Elijah Anderson.
801 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the occurrence of deviant behavior in the context of life on the street. The paper contends that street life is predominated by people who live in poor inner-city neighborhoods. The paper reviews Elijah Anderson's book, "Code of the Street," that studies this very phenomenon. Applying the basic concepts associated in the study of the sociology of deviant behavior, the paper argues that Anderson's analysis of street life in "Code of the Street" puts into context the labeling theory of deviant behavior, wherein people's attitudes and behavior are associated with the labels that other people give them as deviants in society. The paper discusses this issue extensively, providing references to both Schaefer and Anderson's discussions on deviant behavior.
From the Paper
"Despite the establishment of these social norms and rules, there are still individuals who do not conform, or "deviate," from the established norms and rules in the society. Schaefer (1998) identifies deviance as a "behavior that violates the standards of conduct and or expectations of a group or society" (160). Directly linked with the study of deviant behavior is the concept of social control, which regulates human behavior within society. Thus, deviance may include some form of social control in order to inculcate in society that deviant behavior are undesirable for the society. Social control may be formal or informal, wherein the former imposes a legal procedure, such as imprisonment, or simply, by making the individual an "outsider," isolated from his/her society and not welcomed to interact with other people."
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Adolescent Television Behavior and Actual Behavior, 2002.
Examination of adolescent behavior as depicted on television; compared with actual adolescent behavioral patterns.
4,838 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This study uses content analysis to examine adolescent television drama program behavior as compared to actual adolescent behavioral statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics. Issues of sexual behavior, alcohol usage and drug usage were analyzed. This work contributes to cultivation theory; the culmination of similar messages on fictional adolescent television drama programs re-enforces impressions that are not based on reality.
From the Paper
"Media can be described in many ways and forms. It is the dissemination of news, events, and information as well as a portrayal of America. It contains movies, sitcoms, dramas, comedies, news, and world events that all shape our reality of what the world is. Television more specifically is so popular because its function is to be a mirrored image of what America is, its beliefs, and ideas. Because it performs this function, it is considered entertainment. This industry is a multi-billion dollar industry that centers around two words: money and people. It does not necessarily have to be accurate for people to believe it. People will believe what they find to be interesting whether it is true or not, based upon no actual proof. This is why the media can get away with straying from the truth, because people do not care whether what they absorb is true. Truth is a very powerful concept that most people take too lightly. Most people will not admit that what they watch on television, hear on the radio, or read in the newspaper affects them. However, it has been proven through the cultivation theory that this effect is present, it does occur, and it subsequently affects the way a country perceives itself. This is how the media ultimately controls the power of thought."
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Gangs and Gang Warfare, 2003.
Discusses African-American and Latino young men's involvement in gangs.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses the nature of gangs. Examines why children and teenagers join gangs. Considers children at-risk and gang involvement. Reviews and critiques five studies on gangs and violence, and discusses the methods of the studies.
From the Paper
"Over the last 20 years in the city of Los Angeles at least 10,000 African American and Latino young men have died due to gang activity and gang warfare (Vigil, 2002). As large as that figure is it is still only a portion of the deaths..."
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Chicago School Theory, 2003.
Discusses the usefulness of Chicago School Theory as a tool for explaining the growth of gangs in cities where gangs had not conventionally been dynamic.
2,573 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains in depth the rationality of the theory known as the Chicago School Theory which rationalizes why urban and delinquent crime develop in certain areas and over certain periods of time. It discusses the development of this theory and why it is applicable to the problem of gangs and juvenile delinquency.
From the Paper
"Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay noted that juvenile delinquents tended to live in certain neighborhoods. It did not take long for the two researchers to begin looking at the high-delinquency neighborhoods to see what made them different from neighborhoods that had less delinquency. They found that delinquents appeared to come from neighborhoods characterized by low rental fees, a high incidence of individuals supported by public assistance, a high percentage of industrial (low-level blue collar) workers, and a high rate of individuals moving into and out of the area (i.e., the population is in flux)."
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The Gang Family, 2002.
Examining theories which relate to gangs being substitute families for its members, and what attracts members to gangs.
4,734 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The proposed research examines whether young boys are attracted to gangs because they meet needs which are not met by their families. The study first presents a review of the pertinent research. The first section of the review discusses the basic nature of gangs. The second section examines literature related to the thesis that gangs meet needs that are unmet by gang members' families. The third and final section of the review develops conclusions about gangs and the needs thesis. The study tests the "traditional family" theory of gang attraction. Specifically, the study determines whether or not gangs serve as a substitute for traditional families in terms of meeting the needs of these children and adolescents who compose its membership by collecting data from high school males who are gang members to find out if they perceive the gang as meeting those basic needs that tend to be met by family. Further, in an effort to get additional insight into gang members' perceptions of the gang, meeting their needs, some comparisons is made between their perceptions and those of their non-gang counterparts.
From the Paper
"This study focuses on gangs that fall within the scope of the last provided definition. Prior to the early 1800s, no gangs fitting this definition could be found in America. However, from the beginning of the European settlement in America, there was gang-like activity, especially as class distinctions developed (Olen, 1991). Gang members tended to be from the poorer classes and were typically composed of members of the same race or ethnic backgrounds.
These early gangs banded together for protection or financial gain. In the 19th century, criminally-oriented gangs were first formed. These gangs were formed as the result of a worsening economy and a growing population that increased competition for jobs; soon, gangs began to specialized in crime and became a part of America's cities (Quicker, 1983)."
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Sociological Perspectives and Methodologies, 2002.
Discusses the way sociological perspective influences the manner in which sociological, experimental methodologies are conducted.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that the sociological theories adopted influence the sociological methods used for gathering data. Several different theories of sociology are explained, and then each of these theories is analyzed in terms of how it relates to the practice of endogamy. The paper then explains how each theory would approach the topic and how these different approaches would lead to very different experimental methods which, in turn, would lead to very different conclusions.
From the Paper
"It is important to remember that a wide variety of types of testing can be employed in sociological experiment. While the most famous technique employed is the survey, a wide range of statistical data may be analyzed for sociological use. This is the methodology most commonly employed by structural functionalists. But other methods are available. You can create an artificial social situation in a laboratory and observe the results, as was done in several famous experiments that have been criticized as ?unethical,? such as the Stanley Milgram Shock Experiment or the Stanford Prison Experiment. You can use unobtrusive measures, such as checking the walking patterns of visitors to a gallery by examining the wear on the floor. If you are more skeptical of the ability of surveys to convey correct results, you might use the technique of the interview and collect anecdotal data."
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Sociological Imagination, 2002.
This essay uses Bannerji's "Popular Images of South Asian Women" as an example of sociological imagination.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates how Bannerji's essay is an example of the sociological imagination. Cassidy et al's article is used in the argument. The sociological imagination is a way of looking.
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Sexual Offenders: Sociological and Psychological Issues, 2005.
A look at sexual offenders from a sociological and psychological perspective.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines sexual offender and crime issues, not only from psychological perspectives, but from sociological perspectives as well. This papers approach enables the author to comprehensively analyze the various factors and impulses which influence sex offenders and criminals, and provides a broad range of scholarly analysis from which conclusions can be made.
From the Paper
"In 'Sexual Offenses and Offenders', author Karen J. Terry examines sexual offender issues not only from psychological perspectives, but from sociological perspectives as well. This approach enables her to comprehensively analyze the various factors and impulses which influence sex offenders, and provides a broad range of scholarly analysis from which conclusions can be made. Terry (2005) argues that ultimately, in most sex offender cases, societal and psychological pressures combine to trigger deviant behavior which can escalate into sexual abuse of children, abduction, rape, violent assault, and homicide."
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A Sociological Study of Greek and Turkish Relations in Cyprus, 1998.
A discussion based on the sociological hypothesis that " external conflict promotes internal cohesion".
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This is paper bases its discussion on the sociological hypothesis that " external conflict promotes internal cohesion". The author looks at the study by sociologists Kyriacos Markides and Steven Cohn who found that the effect that the Turkish invasion had on the Greek Cypriot community showed the hypothesis to be untrue, and suggests factors that may have produced this result.
From the Paper
"Within the world of Sociology (specifically the world of social conflict theory) there exists the hypothesis that ?external conflict promotes internal cohesion" within a group that is antagonized by another. Yet in order for this to happen certain conditions by the oppressed group must be met. The group must be a ?going concern?, in other words members of the group must feel that its preservation is important and ?the threat must be perceived to be against the group as a whole, not just a part?.
In regards to this hypothesis a study was done on the country of Cyprus by Sociologists Kyriacos Markides and Steven Cohn. Their findings on the effect that the Turkish invasion had on the Greek Cypriot community showed the hypothesis to be untrue. Dominance by an antagonistic group did not bring Greek Cypriots together but rather split them apart. Their analysis of Cyprus took the hypothesis one step further, insisting that ?one factor determining whether external conflict produces internal consensus is the degree of preexisting unity,? thus arguing that this unity did not exist within Greek Cypriot society."
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Sociological Analysis of Deviance, 2002.
The following paper examines ?deviance? from a sociological perspective.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the validity and accuracy of the functionalist and conflict perspectives which both adopt an over simplistic approach to a highly complex issue, deviance. The author discusses the way in which the development of Subcultural theory, Feminist theory, and Action theory among others is evidence of the impossibility of adequately addressing the topic of deviance within a single sociological perspective.
From the Paper
?The functionalist perspective?s approach to deviance is based, to a large extent, on Emile Durkheim?s theory of anomie and the subsequent reworking of this concept by Robert Merton, who believed that in societies such as America, where the commonly shared cultural goal is economic success, there will be individuals who are unable to legitimately achieve those goals. This situation, Merton argues, results in a breakdown of the social norms among these ?under-achievers?, who will then use other, illegitimate methods of gaining success.?
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