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Social Workers and the Social Construction of Sexuality, 2007.
A look at the attitude of social workers in the UK towards sexuality.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the attitude in the UK today, of social workers towards sexuality, noting that they are hesitant about even broaching the subject. The author discovers that, both in the United Kingdom and the United States, most of the attention for this subject has been directed at sexual abuse cases of children and vulnerable adolescents.
Outline:
Introduction
Sexuality as social construction
Marginalization
Same-sex couples and child adoption
Sexuality and the aged
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Within the areas of social work sexuality needs to be debated more openly. But it needs to be done so based on a more sophisticated understanding of sexuality's meaning and power. Before the arrival of Michel Foucault, who as a French philosopher revolutionised our understanding of sexuality, the implications of maintaining attitudes as cited above - both open and hidden - had been scarcely realized. Most of the time people took it on trust, from both popular writers and medical experts, who convincingly based their explanations on a supposedly rigorous scientific footing, that sexuality was in the main a biological construct, with clear demarcations as to what constituted man and woman as well as the purpose of both in the evolutionary scheme of things. (Wilton, 2000, p.163) But more recently, people have come to appreciate how untenable and arbitrary this division could be. This misconception has been expressed by Ann Oakley particularly well."
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Social Construction of Sexuality, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the views of Sigmund Freud and Adrienne Rich on the social construction of sexuality.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Sigmund Freud and Adrienne Rich approach the issue of the social construction of sexual orientation from radically different perspectives and with different objectives. It argues, through a critical analysis of the writings of both thinkers, that while Freud represents heterosexual orientation as natural he is clearly conflicted on the issue of social construction while, in contrast, Rich focuses almost entirely upon how heterosexuality is socially determined, while suggesting that - outside of this oppressive social determination - sexual orientation is natural.
From the Paper
"In sharp contrast to Freud, Adrienne Rich represents heterosexuality as being social constructed by oppressive social forces, overriding innate or biologically determined sexual orientation that may be either homosexual or heterosexual. It should be noted that Rich is primarily focused upon a critique of the "bias" of "compulsory heterosexuality" in our society. While she attacks the view that women are "innately sexually-oriented" towards men (Rich 63), she acknowledges that there are women who are "self-described" as heterosexual as well as homosexual (Rich 90). Thus, although her focus is on the social construct of "compulsory heterosexuality" it appears that Rich considers there to be an underlying innate sexual orientation that the social construction is built upon and oppresses."
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The Social Construction of Sexuality, 2002.
Discusses the construction and formation of sexuality in the past and present and how it is produced, molded and affected by political, social and economic forces.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which heterosexuality and homosexuality have been formed as direct and indirect results of political, social, and economic forces. Includes historical meanings of sexuality: colonial America and classical Greece as well as a comparison of different critics' views.
From the Paper
"In Is There a History of Sexuality, David Halperin defines sexuality as a cultural effect with lots of history and an ?appropriation of the human body and of its physical capacities? (416). For the purposes of this essay, sexuality can be thought of as the sum total of a person?s sexual thoughts, feelings, desires and behaviors, whether expressed or hidden. It is an aspect of a person?s individuality and identity that is produced, molded, and affected by political, social, and economic forces in our society. In this essay I hope to cover each of these topics that are important in the development of sexuality and to explain why it is that they are such key elements."
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Greco-Roman Constructions of Sexuality, 2007.
A contrast between modern, Western and Greco-Roman concepts of sexuality.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the variations in human sexuality between the modern era and the ancient Greco-Roman period. It discusses how, in the modern, Western society human sexuality is defined based on the gender, ethnicity, or social status of the individuals involved in the act. The paper then shows how, in contrast to Western society's concept of sexuality, Greco-Roman sexuality was characterized by a lack of interest in these individual characteristics and, instead, a concern with the role each individual played in an active/passive dichotomy.
From the Paper
"All of these historical examples exist in subtle contrast to the modern conception of sexuality. Elements of active/passive and power relationships still exist in modern, Western sexuality. However, the strict control of the active, powerful sexuality is no longer solely the domain of the elite men of society as it was in the Greco-Roman societies. Dissimilarly, the power relationships that exist in modern sexuality are somewhat more fluid and shift along lines such as gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and even personal fetish. Greco-Roman sexuality was characterized by a idealized adherence to power relationships in which men held sway over their wives, over women, over young boys, and sexual plunder in conquered domains. In all of these situations, sexuality is defined in terms of power as it exists between individuals of different social status."
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"Constructing the Sexual Crucible" ( DM Schnarch ), 1999.
Critical review of work on the treatment of sexual dysfunction, based on learning to express intimacy & eroticism.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Constructing The Sexual Crucible
Introduction
Constructing the Sexual Crucible by Schnarch (1991) offers material to help people with sexual concerns who fall into the functional, dysfunctional, and blessed few categories. The goal of the book is to create a paradigm shift or a new modality for sexual-marital therapy, rather than to simply increase knowledge in this area (pp. xiv-xv). This reaction paper regards Schnarch's model as a treatment modality pertaining to intimacy and sexuality, constructing the crucible, and inside the crucible related to sexual dysfunction in the marital relationship.
The sexual crucible is a treatment approach based on intimacy and eroticism. It focuses on a non-reciprocity model of intimacy with sexuality as a vehicle for growth. It is.."
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Sexuality and Constructs of Deviance, 2002.
An overview of the history of sexuality and concepts of tolerance for lesbians and gays.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the use of the word "tolerance", in the contexts of understanding the history of sexuality, and how it is enmeshed with constructs of deviance. This paper will argue that while some state-level changes are being made with respect to the human rights of gays and lesbians, micro-social backlash continues to flourish. The ongoing struggle for equality and recognition for and of gays and lesbians is lodged in-between the legal and the moral codes of dominant society in such a way that while legal rights are implemented, moral panic is rising in relation to the changes being instituted.
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Social Construction, 2008.
A personal view of the social construction of race, gender, class and sexuality as it pertains to individuals.
2,182 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how social construction is an ambiguous term. It is not real and it is not an illusion; it falls somewhere between these two extremes. The paper contends that regardless of its ambiguity, social construction is a continuous process propagated by political, economic, and social forces and shapes the values and meanings that people assign to different categories and provides a lens through which individuals view both the world and themselves. The paper also examines how social construction affects areas such as race, class, gender, and sexuality and a close analysis reveals that all four of these areas demonstrate an intricate intersectionality, making it hard to define one without discussing another.
From the Paper
"Condoleezza Rice is an upper-class black female who currently serves as the United States Secretary of State under President George W. Bush. Condoleezza was born in 1954, the same year that the United States Supreme Court made a decision regarding the Brown v. Board of Education case (Condoleezza Rice). This court case resolved that segregating black and white children into different schools was detrimental to the learning of the children. When Rice was eight years old, one of her classmates, Denise McNair, was killed by a bomb. White supremacists had bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, which was composed mainly of African-American students, and children died as a result. This was a tumultuous time in American History due to segregation and severe racism occurring in plain sight. There is no doubt that this event had an enormous impact on the life of Condoleezza Rice."
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Social Construction of Gender, 2002.
A discussion on how gender and sexuality are socially constructed by elites.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how capitalism, religion and our language are all directly connected to how society shapes the stigmatization of certain genders and sexual behaviors. This paper looks at two authors and how they show that gender and sexuality are socially constructed by elites.
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An Analysis of Social Construction as seen in Ibsen's, "A Doll's House", 2001.
An in-depth discussion on social construction with reference to Ibsen's play.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author takes an in-depth look at social construction. After examining the definition of social construction the author discusses it in relation to romantic love, with particular reference to Ibsen?s, Nora. The author considers the actions and events in ?The Doll?s House? and what they tell us about the link between society and inner self. The paper concludes with a look at other metaphors within the play that also tell us something about social construction and finally focuses on the overall message that Ibsen sends throughout the play.
From the paper:
?? society gives us meaning of not only society, but also of ourselves, that our beliefs are a product of what we learn from society, and that through interacting with society we can change our perceptions.?
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The Social Construction of Race, 2005.
Argues that race is indeed a social construct, focusing on Ian Hacking's four premises.
2,450 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history of race as a distinctly Western idea. Through this process, the writer shows how and when the concept of "race" was invented or socially constructed. It then emphasizes the point that race has no biological reality by focusing on genetics and human variation, among other factors that repudiate the notion that race is biologically real. Finally, it looks at how the concept of race is, indeed, as Hacking states, "quite bad as it is," and puts forth a new archetype, one that does away with the concept of race altogether and focuses on the uniqueness of individual human beings.
From the Paper
"What does it mean to say that race is "socially constructed"? In fact, what do we mean when we say that anything is socially constructed? Ian Hacking, after researching many books on social construction, stated that in order for something - he called it "X" - to be socially constructed, it must adhere to the following two premises: (0) In the present state of affairs, X is taken for granted; X appears to be inevitable. (1) X need not have existed, or need not be at all as it is. X, or X as it is at present, is not determined by the nature of things; it is not inevitable. Hacking goes on to state that these next two claims are also usually, though not always, implied by the use of the phrase "social construction": (2) X is quite bad as it is. (3) We would be much better off if X were done away with, or at least radically transformed."
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Advertising and the Social Construction of Beauty, 2002.
Examines the advertising industry's use of beautiful women to sell products and the way in which ads are designed to sell, not only products, but values to society.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses advertising and beauty. Without doubt, advertising in our society today is very much connected to the social construction of beauty. This is clear when we observe how women are exploited for the sake of selling products. There are certain stereotypical portrayals of women in advertisements that make the sexism and social construction of beauty in our society transparently clear. These ads are designed to sell products -- as well as to send certain values to the culture.
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Social Construction and the Privileged Few, 2008.
The paper discusses how biased societal forces benefit heterosexual, white, wealthy males.
2,081 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
Thia paper defines social construction as a continuous process propagated by political, economic and social forces and then discusses society's divisions in the areas of race, gender, sexuality and class. The paper attempts to portray how social forces such as stereotypes, legal systems and power structures privilege the heterosexual, white, upper class male while oppressing all others.
From the Paper
"Social construction is a continuous process propagated by political, economic, and social forces. It places individuals into categories and gives significance to what it means to be a member of that group. These divisions most often occur in the areas of race, gender, sexuality, and class. Social construction is performed in such a way that hierarchies are created and maintained. The result is a mixture of "isms": racism, sexism, heterosexism, and classism. In almost every case, there seems to be one group that dominates the others in the realm of privilege and societal position. This group consists of heterosexual, white, middle/upper class males. It has been continuously demonstrated that there are forces in place (such as stereotypes, legal systems, and power structures) which serve to privilege some and take advantage of the rest."
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"Boys Don?t Cry" and Gender as a Social Construction, 2005.
Shows how themes and questions in the film "Boys Don't Cry" relate to gender and women's studies.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The film "Boys Don't Cry" presents several themes, problems and questions that apply to and can also serve as examples for issues of women's and gender studies. The paper shows that it relates especially well to Judith Lorber's chapter of the book Feminist Frontiers, entitled "'Night to His Day': The Social Construction of Gender." The paper shows that both of these works, although certainly in very different ways and in different mediums, convey the message that gender as we know it today is simply a construction of society. Therefore, gender is not a simple classification created by nature or biology, but instead one that has evolved and been shaped to fit particular social needs.
From the Paper
"However, there are identifiable differences between this film and Judith Lorber's "'Night to His Day'": The Social Construction of Gender." It seems that Lorber both strives to emphasize, and maintains as a thematic backdrop for her chapter, the inferior and subordinate position of the female gender in comparison to the male gender. This is a topic that Boys Don't Cry only subtly touches upon. She states, "when gender is a major component of structured inequality, the devalued genders have less power, prestige, and economic rewards than the valued genders" (46). Men have historically taken the role of the oppressor and women the role of the oppressed, which is certainly not a natural condition but a product of enduring social structures."
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Babies and Social Construction, 2002.
Discusses "Nations are Built of Babies" by Cynthia Comacchio, about the campaign to minimize infant and maternal mortality in early 20th-century Ontario, Canada.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The Canadian medical profession utilized science experts to try to implement what became known as "scientific motherhood." The effort to socially construct "scientific motherhood" was all about moulding Canadian families to be compatible with industrial capitalism. By teaching and regulating women's "child-rearing' expertise, male elites believed that they could engineer a society that served their interests. Thus, all of this was really about the enforcement of certain ideological values and the implementation of social control.
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The Making of a Menu: Social Construction of Gastronomic Taste in the U.S., 2002.
A look at the social dynamics of food in America.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the socialization of the American palate - e.g. the social dynamics of food. Questions that the paper explores include why we eat the foods we do, diversity in cuisine, the roots of American cooking in French cooking, and the homogenization of taste in the world through "McDonaldization" or gastronomic imperialism.
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