| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE": |
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Social and Environmental Justice, 2004.
An analysis of social and environmental issues in relation to globalization.
2,133 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews two books, "Democracy?s Dilemma" by Robert C. Paehlke and "One World" by Peter Singer. Through the discussion of these books the paper examines the effect of globalization on social and environmental issues. The paper presents Paehlke's political and economic view of globalization and compares it to Singer's opinion that the basis of effective globalization lies in protecting nature.
From the Paper
"A further problem addressed by Paehlke is that economic integration necessitates political integration, which entails that widely different nations with differing viewpoints and beliefs are suddenly forced to work towards a common goal. The dilemma stems from not only this fact, but also from the fact that political integration seems nearly impossible. In the absence of this then, governments need to compete at the cost of environmental and social programs that would have helped the holistic integration of nations and with it the necessary protection of the environment. Furthermore these governments make no attempt to be accessible to their citizens, and thus the dilemma appears to perpetuate itself."
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Environmental Justice, 2005.
An in-depth study of environmental justice and environmental racism with a focus on the state of Illinois.
17,249 words (approx. 69.0 pages), 60 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thorough review of the problem of environmental racism and whether it does indeed exist in Chicagoland. The paper also examines whether or not instances of environmental injustice have increased or decreased since President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 12898 was issued in 1994. The paper also attempts to determine whether the civil rights movement in general has left the environmental injustice/environmental racism agenda behind.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
Chicagoland Contaminated Sites
Environmental Racism/Environmental Injustice
Civil Rights Movement/Environmental Justice
Methodology
Results
New Handling of Environmental Remediation
Post-Executive Order 12898
Pre-Executive Order 12898 Remediation
Second Radioactive Cleanup Site
Printing Chemicals
Lead Removal at East St. Louis Sites
Illinois EPA Projects, 2004 and 2003
Activities in 2003
Activities in 2004
Activities in 2005
Discussion
From the Paper
"Within days of taking office the first time, William Jefferson Clinton initiated his 'governing by memoranda' activities. This article begins with his immediate overturning of the Bush I gag rule concerning abortion, and then went on rapidly to other birth-control issues, gays in the military and more. Because of these rapid and far-reaching actions, the concepts of policy tools has become one open to more scrutiny than before Clinton began his series of 25 presidential memoranda and 18 executive orders that "implemented the administration's reinventing government initiatives." Among the important memoranda this article analyzes was Executive Order 12898, the purpose of which "was to 'focus Federal attention on the environmental and human health conditions in minority communities and low-income communities with the goal of achieving environmental justice'." The memorandum, however, "specifically involved" civil rights laws already on the books and required to be used by federal agencies in, arguably, all the agencies' endeavors."
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Environmental Justice, 2004.
An in-depth analysis of environmental justice in the United States.
4,645 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 28 sources, MLA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the environmental justice movement in the United States. The paper explains environmental justice or racism as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
Outline
Introduction
Definitions, Beliefs & Concerns
Historical Accounts
Major Players
Resulting Policies and Decisions
Sample Cases
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The environmental movement has transmogrified into the environmental justice movement with the help of a creating reading of Title VI of the 1964 Civil rights legislation. A number of legal claims have been directed toward improving environmental qualities in the name of those struggling against environmental racism under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race or national origin in federally funded programs and activities. The basic argument is this: ?The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides large amounts of federal funds to state environmental agencies. These state agencies, in turn, are the governmental bodies responsible for much of the nation's environmental policy--the enforcement of pollution standards, the permitting of waste treatment and disposal facilities and industrial polluters, and the citing of those facilities. If the actions of those federally-funded state agencies create a racially discriminatory distribution of pollution, then a violation of Title VI has occurred and a civil rights lawsuit is warranted.? (Fisher, 1995)"
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Environmental Justice, 2003.
Examines environmental justice and its effect on Native-American communities. Provides a study of environmental racism.
17,010 words (approx. 68.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research provides an overview and review of the research concerning Native-American or other minorities to identify and understand the cultural differences that lead to environmental racism.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Importance
Scope
Rational
Definition of Terms
Overview
Chapter Two - Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Environmental Justice Research
The Campo Indian Landfill War: The Fight for Gold in California Garbage
Chapter Three - Methodology
Data Validity
Human Health and Social Effects
Analytical Methods
Treatment Technologies
Originality and Limitations
Summary of Methodology
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis
Chapter 5 - Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper
"Native American nations have become increasingly concerned about the adverse effects that toxic substances have on human health and the health of the environments on which these communities depend. Many tribal governments are now working to identify environmental contamination problems and their sources; establish and enforce environmental regulations and standards; and develop long-term environmental protection objectives and restoration plans that will promote balance and health in their communities and in their relationships with the natural environment. As the magnitude and complexity of environmental problems have increased, the scientific and technical competency of Native Americans has grown to the point where they now demand a meaningful role in risk assessment, remediation and restoration decisions."
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The Environmental Justice Movement, 2005.
This paper discusses the environmental justice movement, a relatively new force on the American political scene.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines environmental justice as the fair treatment for people of all races, cultures and incomes regarding the development of environmental laws, regulations and policies. The author stresses that the citing of hazardous waste sites and polluting industries in minority communities is an insidious form of environmental racism. The paper examines the landmark study "Toxic Waste and Race in the United States", commissioned by United Church of Christ, which revealed that race was the most significant variable associated with the location of hazardous waste sites.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Procedural Inequity
Geographical Inequity
Social Inequity
From the Paper
"The town of Kettleman City is the site of a toxic waste dump built in 1979 by Chem Waste Incorporated. The community is predominately Mexican farm workers. During the public hearing and permitting phase of the project, Chem Waste and county authorities scheduled meetings to be held thirty-five miles away, conducted the proceeding in English only and did not provide translations of the environmental impact survey. The dump, while in operation received 200,000 tons of toxic material annually, resulting in numerous maladies of those unfortunate enough to live nearby."
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Environmental Justice, 2005.
A look at how the environmental justice movement is harming the very groups of people it is supposed to protect.
1,997 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how and why the environmental justice movement, a movement dedicated to ensuring that every group of people, no matter their race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic background will bear a proportionate share of negative environmental consequences, is actually harming the very people it purports to protect. The paper provides information on the origins of the movement, the controversial issue of environmental racism associated with the movement, and examines the arguments on both sides of this issue as well.
From the Paper
"Beginning in early 1980s, environmental advocates have been publicizing the fact that environmental hazards at the workplace, in the home, and in the community are often disproportionately visited upon the poor and people of color. The issues of urban blight, and the tendencies of factories to proliferate in specific geographic regions exposed residents of these regions to the effects of factory presence, such as decreased forestation, increased amounts of paved land, and the presence of environmental toxins which the factories produces."
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Stretesky and Hogan on Environmental Justice, 2005.
A discussion and response to "Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida" by Stretesky and Hogan.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This is a brief response paper to the paper "Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida" by Stretesky and Hogan. The paper discusses the effects of the research and whether or not it supports the conclusions drawn by the authors. The paper concludes that while interesting and significant in other ways, their conclusions are not adequately supported.
From the Paper
"In this paper Stretesky and Hogan report their findings about racial and economic relationships with Superfund sites in Florida. They found that areas with higher percentages of black and Hispanic people would lead to statistically significant higher chances of there being a Superfund toxic waste site within the area. Their findings also indicated that the reason for the higher percentages of non-whites is due to indirect discrimination as opposed to direct discrimination on the part of the white society. There are some problems with the conclusions drawn by Stretesky and Hogan, although their research is very interesting. One of the primary problems is that although they indicate that there is a relationship between the racial makeup of the people in the areas on and around the Superfund sites, they do not provide adequate information about the origins of the toxic waste."
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Social Shortfalls in Environmentalism, 2002.
Discusses the issue of modern environmental risk with reference to the views of environmentalist, Ulrich Beck.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 22 sources, $ 93.95
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Abstract
As we prepare to enter the 21st century, it is probably wisest to view matters of environmentalism and environmental problems in terms of the culture or cultures that have given rise to degradation and to ways of living that continue to harm the environment, yet which are mainstream practices that are rather taken for granted by many. However, this paper is rooted in the theme of societies, individuals and their attitudes as only slowly changing. As the examples referred to will suggest, there is much reason to question Ulrich Beck's position on environmental Risk as something that will be averted by social dynamics as much as policy decisions.
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Environmental Problems and Social Action, 2007.
This paper attempts to reveal how social conscience and action can change environmental policy for the better in Japan.
2,978 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the environmental problems in Japan and then explores how these problems can be affected by social actions aimed at decreasing the intensity of contaminants, stopping environmental degradation, preserving organic assets and controlling wastages. The paper discusses the need for social groups to provide the producers and customers obvious indications about the price of employing ecological and organic assets. The paper also talks about the efforts that Japan must make to reinforce legislative and organizational formations managing ecological supervision. The paper concludes by pointing out that, while Japan has its own environmental problems to deal with, the solution to these problems cannot be executed in other countries as every government and social group varies.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Fiscal Measures
Amalgamation
Environmental Audit
Environmental Statistics
Public Partnership
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The post-industrialization era in Japan has radically transformed its political landscape, along with its societal elites and non-profit social organizations. Furthermore, a new mode of relationship has been discovered between the individual members of the society and nature. This is being thoroughly nurtured by non-profit social groups and organizations through collective social action (John et al, 1987). It is important to note here that social action ought to be backed by political influence. However, political influence varies from one part of the country to another (Yasumasa, 2001). For instance, social actions taken in Tokyo may have more political influence than social action taken in a remote city of Japan."
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Socialization and Social Groups, 2002.
This paper analyzes what makes us human by discussing various social organizations.
2,169 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although a child?s family is the most influential force in a child?s social development, environmental factors, such as friends, school, church, and other social organizations, also have an effect on socialization. The author describes many types of social organizations, including fraternities and sororities, religious groups, fine arts groups, and sports groups, whose members share similar goals and interests and play a role in the socialization process. The paper states that what makes us human is our ability to pick up societal norms and social cues from people and things that exists outside the boundaries of the immediate family.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Definition of Socialization
Social Organizations
Fraternities and Sororities
Religious Groups
Fine Arts Groups
Sports Groups
Sociological Analysis of What Makes Us Human
From the Paper
"Religious groups are also important social organizations that aid in the development of socialization process. Social organizations that have a specific religion at the core can include; a church, mosque or temple, or a gospel choir. Membership to these religious groups allows individuals with the same belief systems to come together to worship and form friendships. The purpose of these groups is to strengthen the faith of members. This strengthening may be accomplished through mentorship, guidance and increased knowledge of the standards of the faith. Religious groups also provide individuals with a support system, which aids in the process of socialization."
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Environmental Racism, 2007.
An analysis of the problem of unequal distribution of pollution.
968 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Environmental Justice Movement believes that minorities living in poor neighborhoods are exposed more frequently to environmental toxins because minorities are basically marginalized people in our society, whom nobody notices or cares about. The paper further examines how the Environmental Justice Movement tries to go beyond traditional concerns about cleaning up the environment and tries to include addressing social inequality. Finally, the paper attempts to look at how pollutants get distributed so unequally and what can be done about the problem.
From the Paper
"Another explanation is that low-income people and minorities lack political clout. They are not generally well-organized for social action in their neighborhoods. When the government and industry leaders make decisions that affect the environment, they don't consider what objections could come up because usually there aren't any. Perhaps these officials have no intention of polluting low-income neighborhoods (as opposed to polluting affluent neighborhoods), but their policies of risk management may be flawed so that minorities are disproportionately impacted. Groups that do organize to resist industrial polluters are generally plagued by lack of funding, while the industries they want to fight have enormous financial, technical, and legal resources."
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A Restorative Justice System, 2008.
This paper explores the need for a restorative justice system to take the place of the existing criminal justice system.
2,746 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why the public seems to have low levels of confidence and trust in the justice system and the extent to which community residents participate in justice initiatives. The paper examines the potential and the limits of restorative justice as a mechanism and discusses increasing community and citizen involvement in the justice process. The paper clearly shows the evidence that approaches to justice in our modern Western society are ineffective. The paper explains how the criminal justice system ignores the public's role in addressing crime, and thus alienates the community. The paper concludes that future approaches to justice should revolve around a restorative system as opposed to a criminal justice system.
Outline:
Introduction: The General Public and the Criminal Justice System
Why the Public Seems to Have Low Levels of Confidence and Trust
in the Justice System
The Extent to Which Community Residents Participate in Justice
Initiatives
The Potential and the Limits of Restorative Justice as a Mechanism
For Increasing Community and Citizens' Involvement in the Justice Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Evidence shows that public confidence and trust in the criminal justice system is low. In Canada, a recent survey revealed that most citizens were dissatisfied with the government's response to crime, even though they found no fault with the police themselves (p. 64). It appears to be the criminal justice system itself that dissatisfies the public. Canadian citizens are dissatisfied with the performance of the criminal court, the prison system, and, in particular, the parole system (ibid). The same findings tend to be replicated in studies of other Western countries, such as the U.S. and Europe (p. 65)."
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Restorative and Retributive Justice, 2004.
An analysis of the differences between restorative and retributive justice and their impact on the American justice system.
3,058 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how different theories of justice prevail at different times and how two of these can be termed restorative justice and retributive justice. It looks at how, stated simply, restorative justice emphasizes rehabilitation, while retributive justice emphasizes punishment. It attempts to show how the conflict between these two theories marks much of the history of American justice and continues to shape penal policies today.
Outline
Introduction
Punishment and Crime
Restorative Justice
Retributive Justice
Current Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Punishment in itself is a problem and has been since the beginning of human society. Some people today see punishment as a vestige of the human past that should have been left behind when human beings came out of caves and formed a social order. These people feel that today we should substitute measures that do not involve cruelty to our fellow man. Others believe in punishment as a retributive instrument and feel that punishment can be used against anyone who breaks the laws of God or Man. Packer (1968) writes: "I think both are wrong, although the danger of the moment is that we will overuse the criminal sanction, not that we will abandon it" (p. 3)."
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Environmental Policies, 2006.
This paper looks at the shaping of environmental policy and environmental law.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that there can be little doubt that a host of factors determine a nation environmental policy, just as there can be no doubt that a host of factors determine a country environmental laws. With that in mind and at the risk of appearing simplistic, it may be said that environmental policy is the public posture a government takes on environmental issues as well as the way in which it materially addresses environmental concerns through the allocation of resources and or through the physical regulation of industries.
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Germany?s Environmental Policy after Reunification, 2004.
This paper is evaluates the integration and achievements of Germany?s environmental policy after reunification.
9,415 words (approx. 37.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, many years ago, the development of a systematic environmental policy began in Germany; but the reunification of the two German states (Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic), in 1990 created a great new challenge for German environmental policy because of the extensive environmental damage in the former GDR and because of the major economic crisis that started during this time. The author points out that the most remarkable result of increased environmental awareness was the development of an ?eco-industry,? a new manufacturing sector that develops pollution-control devices and other environmentally useful equipment. The paper concludes that the constantly changing world of politics requires innovative strategies to keep up with these changes; therefore, all available economic resources, environmental group leadership, and public environmental support, including the Green Party, should combine to overcome the obstacles created by potential economic and environmental tradeoffs.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
A Brief Review of Germany?s Environmental History
Integration of Systems and Policies
Energy and Environmental Policy
Environmental Programs and Initiatives
Methodology
Results of Study
Organizational Structure of Environmental Protection in Germany
The Environment
Germany?s Future
Economic and Political Options for Environmental Protection in Germany
Traditional Features of German Environmental Policy
Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Regulations and government actions to protect nature and human beings against environmentally hazardous activities of commercial and industrial firms have a long history in Germany. Environmental protection is anchored in private and public law, including building, public health and sanitation, and police laws. The Water Rights Act and the Factories Act set the standard for many subsequent laws. The various regulations created to prevent offensive emissions from becoming a nuisance to health and property were systematized and concentrated for the first time in the Prussian Industrial Statute of 1845."
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