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Smoke Movement in High Bay Hangars, 2002.
Examines the interaction of smoke movement and detector sensitivity in high-bay hangar spaces.
9,084 words (approx. 36.3 pages), 42 sources, APA, $ 188.95
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Abstract
This study develops reliable data that fire safety and security management professionals can use in the development of models for smoke detector types and placement in high-bay hangar facilities. Two research questions are investigated in this paper and hypotheses are tested in relation to each research question. The research questions investigated were as follows:
1. What effect does bay height have on smoke detector sensitivity in a high-bay hangar?
2. What effect does the use of a draft curtain have on smoke detector sensitivity in a high-bay hangar?
Each of the hypotheses is supported by the analysis of the data. The results of the research performed for this study show that, as bay height increases (all other factors remaining equal), smoke detector sensitivity decreases. The results of the research performed for this study further show that smoke detector sensitivity is higher when draft curtains are in place than when draft curtains are not in place.
Based on these findings, the paper concludes that the use of draft curtains should be mandated in all high-bay hangars. It concludes, further, that means should be found to deploy smoke detectors at levels lower than ceiling height in bays higher than 15 meters.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Purpose of the Study
Definitions of Terms
Overview of the Remainder of the Study
Review of Literature
Theoretical Framework
Waveform Analysis
Systems Theory
Related Research
Methodology
Research Design
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Variables and Operational Definitions
Data Collection Procedures
Data Analysis
Findings
Results of Testing hypothesis One
Results of Testing hypothesis Two
Summary and Conclusions
Summary of the Results
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"A total of 33 full-scale fire experiments were conducted in two high-bay hangars. The two high-bay hangars were of different heights, thereby allowing the effects of height on smoke detector sensitivity to be measured and assessed. Draft curtains were used in some experiments but not in others. This approach allowed the effects of the use of draft curtains on smoke detector sensitivity to be measured and assessed. Varying fire sizes were used in the experiments."
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Anti-Smoking Movement, 1993.
Looks at research into secondhand smoke and examines social attitudes. Discusses quitting (cold turkey, the patch), demographics, responses of the tobacco industry and lobbying.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"In the early 20th century, lung cancer was rare, but the disease rose from obscurity by the 1930s (Meyer, 1992, p. 72). This was because people began smoking cigarettes in large numbers Indeed, during this time, cigarettes and their accoutrements were associated with glamour, sophistication, and mystery. The appeal of smoking was mirrored in popular culture by the use of trendy ashtrays, ashstands, and lighters (Parente, 1992, p. 30-33). In the 1950s, medical research claiming harmful effects from tobacco had not been proven yet, and the tobacco industry turned to hiring public relations firms to further convince the American public of the merits of smoking (Miller, 1992, p.1).
Today, things are different. Smoking, once associated with glamour and sophistication, is now associated with cancer and heart disease. In addition, medical research has shown that.."
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Cigarette Smoking in Canada, 2007.
An analysis of the reasons why Canadians begin smoking, continue smoking and quit smoking.
2,720 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on discussing the reasons why Canadians smoke. It examines why individuals begin smoking, continue their smoking trends and finally what motivates them to quit smoking. The paper discusses the sociological understanding of human motivation in an attempt to understand the above three factors with regard to cigarette smokers.
From the Paper
"Overall however, the outlook is bright for Canadian non-smoking campaigns. For the first time this last year, there are more ex-smokers than current smokers in Canadian society. Those who use to smoke have made the conscious decision to stop the cycle for their loved ones and children. Smoking begins with Canadian youth who are influenced by social media as well as adults and society to begin smoking and it perpetuates because of the social typecasting and overall clique nature of smokers. The herd mentality is the strongest impetus for all three stages of a smoker's cycle, because individuals associated smoking as a strongly social activity. However, as society moves away from smoking as a socially accepted medium, more and more youth will look to smoking less as anti-culture and more as irrelevant. As this process continues the next decade will see less and less smokers both take up and perpetuate this disgusting habit."
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Public Administrators and Smoking, 1995.
A research proposal to determine administrators' perceptions of smoking, anti-smoking and regulation efforts and the significance of the administrator's own smoking.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Statement of the Problem
The proposed research will consist of a descriptive study of the perceptions of public administrators regarding the regulation of cigarette smoking. Not only will public administrators' perceptions be collected, discussed, and interpreted, they will also be examined to determine whether they significantly differ as a function of differences in administrators ages, gender, yearly income, marital status and religion. Further, perceptions will be examined for differences depending upon whether or not the administrator is a smoker.
Problem Background
As noted by Mathre (1994), nicotine (the active ingredient in the tobacco plant) is one of the most toxic and most addictive drugs known to man. Regarding its toxicity, Mathre states that ..."
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The Zionist Movement, 2004.
A description of the founders of the modern Zionist movement and the path the movement took.
1,457 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper establishes the Jewish foundations for a claim to the Holy Land and the reasons their own nation was pursued. It traces the influential leaders who paved the way for the modern Zionist movement and describes the early leaders' successes and failures and their influence on the leaders who formed the World Zionist Organization. It also examines the steps leading up to the establishment of a Jewish homeland and the progress they made in settling and moving into this land.
From the Paper
"An early precursor to Zionistic thought was Rabbi Yehudah Alkalai. In 1834, he wrote a booklet entitled Shema Yisrael (Hear, O Israel), in which he proposed the creation of Jewish colonies in the Holy Land as necessary to the Redemption of the land. The Blood Accusation of 1840, in which the Jews of Damascus were accused of sacrificing gentiles and using the blood of the victims in the Passover, convinced Alkalai that for security and freedom the Jewish people needed a life of its own, within its ancestral home. He believed the Jews would be able to buy this land from the Turks, as Abraham had bought the land from Ephram. To fulfill this goal, Alkalai proposed the formation a ?Great Assembly? to create a national fund to purchase the land."
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Adolescent Smoking, 2007.
This paper studies research conducted among adolescents and students regarding motives for smoking.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the developmental period for today's adolescents can often be characterized by risky behavior. Today, teenagers will participate in smoking cigarettes, drinking, doing drugs, or having unsafe sex, all of which can carry negative consequences. The writer points out that nearly 80% of today's smokers began smoking before they were 18 years old. Further, the writer notes that smoking is the single largest preventable cause of premature deaths in the United States. With close to 5 million children, out of 70 million living today that will have premature deaths due to smoking, it is of utmost importance to determine their motives. The writer discusses what motivates adolescents to smoke despite the obvious negative health effects. The writer maintains that understanding reasons for smoking can help researchers understand just how much cigarettes impact participants' lives. The writer concludes that research can possibly prove that smoking is indeed addictive, helping end any myths about smoking once and for all.
Outline:
Smoking Beliefs
Smoking Studies - High school
Results - High school
Smoking Studies - College
Results - College
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 2006, the University of Illinois at Chicago conducted an important study on the effects of nicotine, both positive and negative, in young smokers ranging in age from 15 to 18 years old. The legal age in the United States to purchase and use tobacco products is 18. Because of this, all participants were required to have parental consent as well as their own consent to participate in the study. As with any study, there was a control group that consisted of 27 nonsmokers. In order to qualify as one of the 45 smokers, the participants must have smoked at least 4 weeks and have smoked a minimum of 1 cigarette a week, but no more than 5 cigarettes a day. Nonsmokers must never have smoked in their lives.
"To accurately assess the impacts of nicotine and their respective effects on participants, the study used cigarettes of varying amounts of nicotine: a high-yield cigarette or a denicotinized cigarette."
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Company-Wide Smoking Ban, 2005.
This paper discusses, in the form of a memo, the initiation of a company-wide smoking ban by presenting background material and an outline for each department to prepare for this ban.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper notifies all employees of the company that, beginning one month from today, the company will follow the guide-lines of federal and state requirements and institute a ban on smoking in the company buildings. The author stresses that the idea of a smoke-free environment is not only to encourage those employees who smoke to quit but also to protect the non-smokers from being affected by second-hand smoke, scientifically called Environmental Tobacco Smoke- ETS, which can do as much damage to persons nearby a smoker as if they themselves were smoking. The paper includes discussion points for each department about this No-Smoking rule including, although the company is offering financial assistance for a "Stop Smoking" course to encouraged stop smoking anywhere, designating a "Smoking Area" outside the building .
From the Paper
"It is important for all of you to realize that this was not a sudden, hap-hazard decision, but the statistics were so overwhelmingly negative that we felt we had to do something to protect all our employees and to guarantee them, at least while on the job, a smoke-free environment. Later in this memo, we will explain some of the potential "solutions" to the smoking problem, but, as you will see, they simply did not solve that second-hand smoke situation. But, let me begin by a little background that alerted us to the dangers of second hand smoke."
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Teenage Smoking, 2002.
This paper discusses the dangers of teenage smoking. Specifically, it looks at how teenagers begin smoking, and what can be done to help them quit.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the health risks involved in smoking and asserts that teenagers begin smoking because of peer pressure and because of the way smoking is portrayed in advertisements and television. It describes how smoking then becomes a habit and an addiction for these children so that they are unable to quit. The paper suggests ways in which a smoker can quit, such as using nicotene patches, chewing nicotine gum, and undergoing therapy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
How Kids Start Smoking
Peer Pressure
Advertising
Smoking in Film
Why Kids Continue Smoking
Habit
Inability to Quit
Addiction
How Kids Can Quit Smoking
Patches and Gum
Therapy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The health hazards of smoking are well known and documented. In 1992, over 400,000 people died from complications from smoking each year, including lung and throat cancer, stroke, and heart disease. The number today is even higher. Additionally, some studies have also shown that starting to smoke as a teenager has the potential to permanently damage lung tissue."
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The Power and Influence of Social Movements, 2006.
A review of social movements with regard to the strength of power and influence of these movements.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses social movements with regards to Andrews, Whittier, and the documentaries providing convincing evidence that the powers of social movements are derived primarily from injustice in society. The paper further discusses how social, economic, or political conditions can no longer be tolerated by an oppressed group of people, social movements often arise, for such movements enable the participants to affect social change. These movements rarely achieve all of their goals because they always generate resistance, but they have often succeeded in attaining many of their goals.
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Transnational Social Movements, 2008.
This paper examines what insight social movement theory provides for the study of transnational social movements.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that what is fundamentally striking about transnational social movements (TSMs) is the extent to which they are able to reach beyond the restrictive confines of the nation state. The writer points out that, due to the ever-increasing opportunities that are afforded by international travel and communication, such as email and the Internet, TSMs have a way of reaching new audiences, organizing them in new collectives and voicing common grievances in new ways. The writer also notes that members of TNMs may not be working class, but they do share the common perception of themselves as small people who are being overlooked by an increasingly powerful group of leaders that are calling the shots from places and spaces in which individual national politics may not exert sufficient influence. The writer concludes that even though theories of social movements might be seen as outdated because of the global context in which movements now operate, this should not gloss over the common features that TNMs do have with social movements before them and with the insights that social movement theories can provide.
Outline:
Introduction
Objectives of Transnational Social Movements
Chief Characteristics of Transnational Social Movements
From Theories of Class to Post-Industrial Society
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Such protests were organized quite deliberately to coincide with and confront the agenda that was being put forward by intergovernmental conferences. Objecting to the global spread of the neo-liberal economic model, protestors were keen to take to task not only the governments of the leading industrialized nations, but also to criticize international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as multinational corporations, which, in the protestors' views, were setting out policies that could not be countered if objections remained local and national-specific.
"Even though the nature of this movement is contested, it would still be possible to note the chief concerns of protestors as being objection to the globalization of a neo-liberal, monetarist economic philosophy. The strength of the protests against this doctrine are related to what its critics in the anti-capitalist movement see as the extreme negativity of its effects."
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Civil Rights Movements, 2005.
A discussion on the American Civil Rights Movements, focusing primarily on the fight for civil rights for African-Americans, women and homosexuals.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the American Civil Rights Movement was primarily a nonviolent struggle by African-Americans to obtain full rights, protections and equality under the law. It looks at how, although in many aspects the Civil Rights Movement continues it struggle for equality today, it actually began with the start of the Civil War and really took off in the 1960s. It looks at how the Civil Rights Movement has seen many successes and failures including boycotts, sit-ins, ride-ins and victories in the Supreme Court and how it has been led by such leaders as W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall and Dr. Martin Luther Jr.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights Movement Background
Civil Rights Movement Timeline (1865-1955)
The Aims of the Civil Rights Movement
Major Players and Their Role in the Movement
Successes and Failures of the Movement
Other Movements with Roots in the Sixties
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed. This amendment made anyone born in the United States a naturalized citizen and afforded them equal protection under the law. The amendment however although providing equal protection to all citizens, created what is known as the separate by equal doctrine or better known as segregation. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed which provided voting rights to all citizens regardless of race. But with the passing of this amendment it, it did not remove literacy tests to qualify voters. This test was particularly used to eliminate black voters. "
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Smoking Ban in Public, 2002.
An analysis of the issues involved in the prevention of smoking in public places and in businesses.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the claim that smoking should not be allowed in public places. The problem of second-hand smoking as a result of smoking in public, is raised. The hazards of second-hand smoke are presented in the paper. The issue is addressed from a legislative point of view as well as from the business/company perspective. The paper provides a number of reasons why a company should endeavor to prevent smoking within its boundaries. The media's influence on public awareness of smoking and passive smoking hazards is examined.
From the Paper
"Smoking should not be allowed in public places. This is based primarily on the fact that second-hand smoke is a health hazard, but it can also be argued that allowing people to smoke in public only perpetuates the habit and encourages others to take it up, thus adding to the health hazard in the long run. The private sector is already addressing the issue on a case-by-case basis, banning smoking in the workplace in many companies. Those who believe there is a problem may create a smoke-free area for customers or workers, or workers can demand that their place of business be entirely smoke free. Still, the government should take further action to protect the public where companies do not, including in shopping areas, workplaces, theaters, restaurants, and anywhere the public gathers. Allowing smoking on the street in fact encourages smoking, and discouraging smoking should be a primary effort for the public and private sectors to reduce the health costs paid by both."
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The Effects of Secondhand Smoke, 2006.
An analysis of the debate over banning smoking in public areas.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of second-hand smoke and the debate over protecting non-smokers. The paper attempts to address the question of protecting non-smokers from the the inadvertent negative health effects of passive smoke. To answer this issue, the paper provides an overview of the development of anti-smoking regulations in America and impediments to changing the smoking culture. The paper concludes that because of the health threat second-hand smoke poses to the non-smoking public, smoking should be prohibited from all public places.
Outline
Can the Tobacco Industry Keep Doubt Alive?
Will Legislation Prevail Over the Industry?
Is Evidence Enough to Prove Them Right?
Does the Media Play a Role in Keeping Smoking Alive?
Do Nonsmokers Have the Right to Protection?
From the Paper
"Many states, especially California and Washington, have now enacted strict controls on workplace and public smoking (Robinson, 1996). Is it right to enforce such controls over a person's right to smoke? This issue has become a well-debated topic, debated by your average person on the street to your local law maker. OSHA since has put restrictions on workplace smoking, making it only possible in well-ventilated areas (Browner, 1993). Smoking is no longer allowed in your average office cubicle or lunch room. The courts are filled with lawsuits from nonsmokers who died of lung cancer after long-time exposure to secondhand smoke in the workplace. Can such accusations be validated? On a positive note, all of these developments have helped persuade many smokers to cut back or even quit all together. This new "awareness" has cut deeply into the tobacco industry's profits, but has not made enough of an impact to convince the population to quit smoking all together. In response to this change in behavior, the industry is fighting back, including Federal court hearings in an effort to overturn the EPA's decision (Morain, 1993). They have spent millions trying to block local public smoking restrictions, and in many cases, have succeeded in their fight. Most visible were advertising campaigns focused on spreading doubt and turning the EPA's decision into a government control issue. These efforts have worked, but only to a certain point."
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Nature of American Protest Movements in the 60s, 1999.
A look at the American protest movements, including civil rights, women's movements, and the anti-war movement, of the 1960s.
1,943 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 61.95
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From the Paper
"The 1960s were a time of social upheaval in American history, a time of protest against established institutions. Several groups perpetuated this upheaval with organized movements. The most widely known and supported were the blacks, women and students. Certainly, the organized movements represented a larger protest of certain sections of society against society's standards and established institutions, though each of the groups manifested this protest with reference to different issues. "
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The Women?s and Civil Rights Movements, 2001.
This paper chronicles the civil and women's rights movements of the United States, taking note of significant events and accomplishments for both fronts, as well as identifying the most influential figures in each of the movements and their contributions.
2,255 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines both the women's and civil rights movements, including their origins and evolution. Included in the discussion of the civil rights movement are momentus events like A. Philip Randolph's famous threat to protest in 1941, the many freedom rides conducted by CORE, Martin Luher King Jr.'s famous speeches, etc. The women's rights movement is covered thouroughly as well, including the influence of the Betty Friedan founded NOW organization, and legislation such as the pay act of 1963 and momentus court decisions such as the 1973 Roe vs. Wade case. Both movements are traced from their origins up to the current time.
From the Paper
"As World War II commenced, African Americans and women in the United States were not much better off than they were in the late 1800?s. Blacks were no longer slaves, but the same was true by 1890. Women had gained the right to vote nationwide with the passage of the nineteenth amendment in 1920, but they still were not anywhere close to having the rights that white men did. Starting with the World War II period, women and African Americans began to organize massive movements for their rights, and these movements have effected great change in American Society. Today, women and blacks have more rights than they ever had before, and today?s society has been greatly influenced by both the civil rights and women?s movements."
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