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Single-Case Research: Definition, Application, and Examples, 2002.
This paper reviews the single-case research design.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper defines single-case research, then presents and discusses the appropriate applications of the single-case research design. A single-subject design permits the performance of single subjects under an experimental condition or under experimental conditions to be reliably determined. Finally, the writer reviews two examples of the application of the single-case research design in the broad field of human resources.
From the Paper
"There are a number of variations of the single-case research design. All of these variations on the single-vase research design, however, require, as a minimum, the development of a baseline state for the subject, the application of an intervention condition or treatment, and the measurement and analysis of the variation, if any, in the post intervention state of the subject in relation to the baseline state for the subject (Payton, 1996)."
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Inferential Statistics vs. Single Case Designs, 2004.
This paper compares inferential statistics to single case designs and comments on the usefulness of each of these techniques for the practitioner.
1,117 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The current paper comments on a quote by J.M Johnson and H.S Pennypacker that compares inferential statistics to single case designs. It discusses how the statement in question calls to account psychology as a science to abandon a traditional reliance on inferential statistics and group design research and to support its practical focus on the individual with reliance on more individually focused research.
From the Paper
"Inferential statistics is a branch of statistics that consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001). This type of research is the most widely used in psychology, with the majority of published studies in this field relying solely on the use of group comparisons. The major argument for the use of inferential statistics is that it increases the external validity of the study and increases the likelihood of the results generalising to other people. These results are gathered by statistical inference where various methods of calculation are used to find a central tendency within a group. The variability of the results between subjects are often explained by measurement error or extraneous variability because well conducted group research introduces the only variability deliberately as an intervention designed to examine and measure its effect(s) on subjects (Hayes, Barlow & Nelson-Gray, 1999)."
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Single State - Single Tax, 2006.
A review of the European Union and the battle over a common corporate income tax.
2,299 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the historical development of the European Union. The paper discusses the relatively recent adoption of the Euro, the common European currency, and the possibility of a unified fiscal policy. According to the paper, some feel that the institution of a common tax system for all members is a form of submission to the whole - a further compromising of national rights, powers and traditions.
From the Paper
"Still, the financial resources available to these countries are considerable smaller than those to be found in more developed free-market economies. The general inefficiencies of the old state-planned system left a residuum of glaringly lower levels of productivity, gross inefficiencies in production, and frequently, a record of financial malfeasance. Tax and other economic policies have been tailored to help the fledgling industries and financial institutions in Eastern Europe. The policies adopted are being applied to the newer member states, and even to some extent, toward non-members in Eastern Europe, as a way of establishing a sort of detente that might aid in the Union's further expansion."
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Single Parenthood and Child Development, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of being the son or daughter of a single parent upon the development - cognitive, emotional and physical - of a young person.
4,005 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how thecognitive, emotional and physical development of a child is impacted because of being raised by a single parent. In particular, the paper argues that single parenthood in and of itself is not necessarily a bad thing, but rather that many single parents are ill-equipped educationally, temperamentally, cognitively and psychologically for the stresses of single parenthood and their struggles create complications for their children. Moreover, the paper offers some policy suggestions for improving single parent homes, for political elites and scholars.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
School Performance And Being The Children Of Single Parents
Physical Well-Being And Being The Child Of A Single-Parent
Psychological Aspects Of Being A Child Of A Single Parent
Conclusion: Recommendations For Helping Children In Single Parent Households Reach Their Full Potential (Along With Policy Implications And Future Research Directions)
From the Paper
"On that note, it is important that educators and health officials begin by doing what they can to involve single parents in the school endeavors and extra-curricular activities of their children. For instance, a 1986 study by Weber took note of the fact that parents of mentally handicapped children who fail to attend individualized educational plans (IEPs) are usually non-white, come from lower economic backgrounds and are single parents; they also tended to be people who placed more responsibility for their children's educational programs in the hands of professionals (Weber, 1986). If there is one thing that needs to be done, it is to educate single parents about the importance of their becoming active participants in decisions that will ultimately effect the kind of care and attention their loved ones receive; without their involvement, it is entirely possible that the one voice that can argue most impassionedly on behalf of their children will be the one voice that no one hears."
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Single-Parent Household Students, 2005.
This paper is a research project which seeks to prove the link between children from single-parent households and poor academic performance in school and to pose specific solutions to reverse this trend.
35,070 words (approx. 140.3 pages), 52 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the study could not determine if single-parent status is a sole cause, it does conclude that single-parent household status is linked inextricably to a low-income status and the propensity for the student to be involved in crime. The author states that data was gathered from secondary sources, such as textbook, journal, periodical and reliable internet sources, with an emphasis on establishing correlations through quantitative data and on suggesting policy and funding initiatives through qualitative data. The paper recommends that (1) teacher awareness of single-parent status is critical, (2) peer counseling helps to improve grades for students from single-parent homes, (3) administrative sensitivity to single-parent status of a school district's students is key, but confidentiality must be maintained throughout and (4) extracurricular activities help improve academic performance for students from single-parent households; therefore, funding for these activities must increase.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Introduction
Overarching Challenges Facing Single-Parent Students
Single-Parent Household Children's Challenges in School Districts
Teacher Awareness of Single-Parent Status of Student
Careful Student Peer Counseling is a Critical Necessary Component
School Districts Must Encourage Confidential Journal Writing Programs
Managing School District Administration's Sensitivity While Maintaining Confidentiality
The Effect of Extracurricular Activities
Trained Professional Counselors
Scholarships to Incentivize At-Risk Students to Perform Better Academically
Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of the Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Data
Summary of Chapter
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"And, needless to say, the missing parents are often not at all involved in their children's lives. According to the Alabama Department of Human Resources, nationally, 40 percent of children whose fathers live outside the home simply have no contact with them. And it is not as though those fathers who do have contact with their children are generally integrally involved. Specifically, the other 60 percent had contact with their children an average of 69 days during the year.Perhaps this is because fathers often are not geographically close to their biological children -- 26 percent of absent fathers live in a different state than their children, according to the Department of Human Resources at Alabama in 2005."
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Single Parent Families: Are Children Worse Off?, 2002.
A paper which discusses the emotional well-being and development of children from single parent families.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that there has been much debate centered on the growing number of single parents raising children and how society tends to blame single parent homes for the majority of ills including drug abuse, violent crimes and juvenile delinquency. While there are some single parent households headed by men, the overwhelming majority of single parent homes are headed by women. The paper shows that this fact sparks another concern, since the average household income for the female single parent is a mere 24,000 per year, which depending on the size of the family could mean that many single parent households are living at or below the poverty rate. The paper questions that with the apparent negatives of being a child in a single parent household, is it a valid conclusion to say that on average, children of single parent households are worse of than their counterparts living in a two-parent household? This paper also discusses how children of single parents cope emotionally and how they fare academically relative to their peers.
From the Paper
"They may also be more knowledgeable, cultured and well rounded if they have two sets of families to learn from and be loved by. These aspects may help them become more determined to succeed in their endeavors, teach them to become great leaders and valuable contributors to their families and to society. Single parent families are not economic bads, as a matter of fact, many of the worlds great leaders, visionaries, entertainers, politicians, TV personalities and others who make a valuable contribution to society every day are products of single parent homes."
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The Success of Single Parent Families, 2006.
A discussion regarding the struggles facing single parents in the USA.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how historically the concept of the single parent family in the United States has led to the belief that when one individual attempts to raise a child there will be hardships and family failure. This is contended because of the reliance of the family on one income and the dual roles that many single parents are forced to play in raising their children. Single mothers act as caregiver disciplinarian financial head of household and housekeeper. The paper further discusses how in addition to these responsibilities most single moms have full-time jobs, and statistics indicate that the majority of single mothers in the country receive no financial support from fathers. Yet, despite the abundance of negative elements that may be possible in the world of the single parent, there is an absolute possibility of success for the single parent to raise a family in this country.
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Single Fathers, 2002.
A look at the growing phenomenon of single fathers and their changing lifestyles.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term "single parent" is often associated with mothers struggling to raise their children after divorce, widowhood, or abandonment. It looks at how a growing number of single parents are fathers, many of whom are rearing children on their own by choice or because of unexpected circumstances. It analyzes the social phenomenon of single fatherhood by providing an overview of statistics on single fatherhood and the reasons why men opt to parent solo. It also looks at the unique obstacles and difficulties that single fathers face. In the conclusion, this paper looks at the various solutions available for single fathers and makes recommendations on programs that could ease the burdens associated with single fatherhood.
From the Paper
"Other fathers gain sole custody of their children because of the mother?s drug or alcohol problems. California resident Eric Hilton, for example, faced losing his baby after he and his wife were deemed unfit parents due to alcoholism. Hilton promptly attended Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and parenting classes. He made a full recovery, while his wife opted to continue drinking. As a result, Hilton is now the fulltime father to his 22-month-old son and three-year old daughter (McKim)."
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Single-Sex High Schools, 2005.
Research proposal for studying how students that attend single-sex high schools are affected by the lack of contact with the opposite sex.
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This research proposal addresses the impact that single-sex high schools have on those who attend them. The proposal includes a discussion about the problems associated with single-sex schools, as well as an examination of single-sex schools and co-ed schools. The paper examines the consequences of attending a single-sex high school and then moves on to a co-ed college in terms of academic, relationship, and human nature issues. The paper also discusses some of the drawbacks expected from attending a single-sex school and asks what the outcomes of those assumptions are. Relevant literature is reviewed and a method of study is proposed.
From the Paper
"When students enter college they are expected to have both the experience and maturity to handle the venture. Students are expected to be able to interact with many different types of people from both genders. They are expected to understand how to have a platonic relationship with the opposite sex so that teams, projects and other things can be fully experienced by all of the students. It is presumed that attending coed schools leading up to the college years will prepare the students for the college experience. During high school students get crushes, learn to study with and participate in class activities with the opposite sex and generally by the time they attend college they have moved past the giggly girls of middle school or the boys who become tongue tied when faced with female companionship."
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Application Essay for Loyola Marymount, 2007.
An application essay for the Loyola Marymount University's Master in Education program, providing a background on the applicant's achievements in the field of youth volunteer work.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an application for the Loyola Marymount University's Master in Education program. The applicant begins by explaining why he became involved in volunteer work and how he began the process of volunteering in the United States. It then goes on to list all of the applicant's achievements in the field of youth volunteer work.
From the Paper
"I currently supervise a staff comprised of 11 instructors. Last year, my first year as coordinator, I received an accolade: Coordinator of the year. The award proved recognition for all the work we were doing at the site. We make every effort to provide a safe environment from the streets and from an empty home - planting the seeds of positive change within their lives by giving them the necessary tools, resources, and guidance to become competent and productive citizens of society. I intend to continue this work by first receiving a Masters Degree in Education and later, a PhD in Educational Leadership. These degrees reflect my goals and are necessary for their advancement."
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Single Mothers, 2001.
This paper examines the causes of poverty among single mothers.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 14 sources, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the enduring causes of poverty among single mothers in the United States. It discusses many of the social factors; including social stigma, paid work and parental time constraints, the cost of daycare and the perceived need for children to have a paternal input. It also details the governmental attempts to alleviate some of the problems and the differences in the problems faced by ethnic minority single mothers. The paper contains a lot of statistics and is well researched.
From the paper:
?They make the covers of news magazines and get to appear on the local news. We hear about them endlessly from public officials and during daytime talk shows. IN fact, if you were not careful you might begin to think that all of the problems in society today are caused by them.
"Single mothers.
But why should this group be so generally vilified? Why should so much blame for so many social ills be placed upon them? The answer is twofold. The first is that they violate conventional social ideals about what a family should be, which (even in our postmodern) age is still deeply imbued with ideas about the importance of a patriarchal figure. And, on a more pragmatic level, they require society to help them, for single mothers ? along with their children ? are in general amongst the poorest of Americans.?
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Single-Parent Households, 2002.
Examines societal attitudes towards single-parent families, most negative.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Examines societal attitudes toward single-parent families, most negative. American ideal of the perfect family. Realities of contemporary society and families. Growing number of single-parent households. Discusses two major areas of concern for single parents (usually mothers): providing emotional support for the family and providing financial security. Problem of a single wage household in terms of adequate income. Some solutions.
From the Paper
"The more things change, the more people wish that they would stay the same. Or at least that seems to be the case when it comes to Americans' ideas about what constitutes a "real" family. This paper examines the ways in which society assumes that a single-parent family is somehow not a real family and how this fact makes the other stresses faced by single parents even more difficult. It also looks at two of the most difficult areas for single parents - providing emotional support for their families and providing financial security for their families.
Despite the fact that the majority of American children born today are likely to find themselves in a single-parent household at some point (Wagonseller etal, 1997, p. 14), the ideal of a perfect family in most people's minds is still made up of a mother, a father and two or three children. The stereotype of this ..."
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Poverty and Single African-American Females, 2002.
A literature review on the social problem of poverty and single African-American females.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how single African-American females are a major constituent of poverty in America and how many of the children living in poverty in America are the children of African-American families headed by single females. Through a literature review, it examines the rising poverty rate for single African American females even though general the poverty rate among African-Americans seems to be declining. It discusses how this can be attributed to the disparity between wages for men and women and how many families headed by a single female are entitled to child support but do not receive it. It also looks at the influence of geographical location and the direct problem of black children living under the poverty line.
From the Paper
"While the above statistics suggest poverty among Blacks is declining, 47.5 percent of families headed by single African American mothers had incomes below the poverty line; more than half of families headed by single African American women were poor; single-mother African American families experienced poverty at a rate dramatically higher than married-couple or single-father families; and in 1998, the poverty rate among single-mother African American families with children was five times higher than that of families headed by married couples (Center analysis, 1998). One reason for this is thought to be the disparity between wages for men and women, and another is the fact that many families headed by a single female are entitled to child support but do not receive it (Center analysis, 1998)."
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Single-Mother Families, 2002.
A look at the negative impact of single-mother families on children through a literature review.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper will examine an article that deals specifically with single-mother, as opposed to single-parent families. The focus will be narrowed from a discussion of the negative influences of the institution of the single-parent family in terms of society in general, to an analysis of the negative impact single-mother families have upon children.
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Single-Parent Households, 2006.
A discussion regarding single-parent households in the U.S.A.
1,472 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how single parents and their children constitute a rapidly growing population in America, a product of a high divorce rate and changing social mores. It further discusses how single-parent households were once the result of the father leaving and while this is still very much the case today, such families now also include more single fathers, unwed teenage mothers and other single parents, creating a new interest in this population.
From the Paper
"Research also shows that single parent homes are more likely to be associated with criminal activity and that children from single-parent homes account for 72 percent of teenage murders (Tanner, 1995). Some single parent families are harder hit by economic change than others, and it has long been true that women and single mothers, and especially those from minority groups, have been hit the hardest by structural changes in the economy, such as the declining productivity growth and increasing global competition along with the disappearance of the manufacturing base. From the end of World War II to the 1960's, the U.S. led the world in the export of manufactured goods, but by 1970, West Germany had surpassed the U.S. in exports so that by the 1980's West Germany exceeded U.S. exports by 22%. Entire segments of the American manufacturing sector have declined or completely disappeared, with major losses in the manufacture of cameras, copiers, video recorders, audio equipment, machine tools, and steel. To remain competitive, many companies have had to restructure of downsize, and the loss of jobs involved has reduced the possible jobs for single mothers (Bowen, Desimone, & McKay, 1995). "
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