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Sidney Smith Hall Examined as Modern Architecture, 2008.
An examination of Sidney Smith Hall in Toronto as modern architecture in relation to two other buildings, Villa Savoye in Poissy and the German Pavilion in Barcelona.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper approaches three examples of modern architecture that seem dissimilar at first, Sidney Smith Hall at the University of Toronto, the Villa Savoye near Paris, and what is known as the Barcelona Pavilion. The paper holds that despite their different purposes, they are similar structures according to principles of the modern movement. To conclude, it states that Sidney Smith Hall is significant in a Toronto environment much given to the preservation of architectural heritage, but that has often failed to appreciate its examples of the modern style.
Outline:
Introduction
Sidney Smith Hall, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street
Villa Savoye, Poissy, nr. Paris 1920-1930 (Le Corbusier)
German Pavilion, Barcelona Exposition, (Mies van der Rohe)
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"As an example of the International Style much pursued by the modern movement, one realizes that the same structure with minimal adjustment could be placed anywhere. (See Khan 1998) Erected in any country in the world, Sidney Smith Hall would offer the same economy of line combined with a feeling of spaciousness and accessibility, its terrace areas suited to the climate of a central Canadian city as much as entirely different settings. This theme of universality was a favourite of both Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier as discussed below. (Padovan 45-48) As a contribution to the international style, Sidney Smith Hall may have shown its ongoing adaptability in the 2003 enclosure of one terrace that was opposed by some but does not seem to have altered greatly the sense of access the architect intended."
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Architecture: Modernism, Pre-Modernism and Post-Modernism, 2002.
A discussion of the different movements - pre-modernism, modernism and post-modernism - in architectural history and how each one differs from the other.
2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
A paper which discusses the different movements in architectural history and compares the differences between them. The paper shows how among these movements, modernism is the most popular and how it has influenced art and architecture in the United States and Europe. It shows, on the other hand, that pre-modernism is a less popular era in which architecture was influenced by the industrial age and its need for order and precision, and that Post-modernism was the movement that followed modernism and contains elements of both classicism and modernism.
From the Paper
"During the modernism movement, architects started using steel and iron more in their designs and they also started focusing on functional designs. Apart from the use of steel and iron, concrete was also brought back to the architectural world. It is important to know here that concrete is one thing that sets late 19th century buildings from pre-modernism architectural designs. While concrete was first used by the Romans in 5 B.C., it was later taken over by other materials such as marble, stone, brick etc. Modernists are responsible for the revival of concrete in architecture."
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"A Look at Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies", 2005.
An analysis of European colonialism as interpreted in the book "A Look at Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies."
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at the impact of European colonialism upon its own self-identity and upon its place in the world by reviewing a text entitled, :Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies.: While the reading glosses over the impact of the Europeans upon the indigenous peoples they were displacing, it does offer some interesting insights into how overseas adventurism changed European cartography and self-identification.
From the Paper
"As much as Western imperial powers may wish otherwise, there can be little doubt that colonialism inflicted great harm upon many indigenous peoples the world over. Of all the many depredations that can be laid at the feet of colonial activity, one of the most pernicious was - and remains - population displacement. Among other things, this paper will examine the extent to which population displacement is treated in Modernity: an Introduction to Modern Societies. As will soon become evident, the paper refers to the issue of population displacement only obliquely while focusing far more upon the impact of Western expansion and colonialism upon western self-identity. "
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From Modernism to Post-Modernism, 2005.
Describes the theories of four major thinkers of the modern and post-modern era, including Weber, Durkheim, Victor Turner and Clifford Geertz.
1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the theories of these thinkers on the role of the individual and his/her relationship to the community. In conclusion, the author states that the thinking of Victor Turner is the most accurate and convincing.
From the Paper
"Two thinkers -- Max Weber and Emile Durkheim -- were late modernist thinkers who developed theories about the relation of the individual to society. Their theories were appropriate to the industrial societies in which they lived. With the end of World War Two and the rise of the post-modern period, however, different ways of conceiving of the individual and society arose that sought to break with modernist thinking, including the thought of Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner."
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Modernism and Post-Modernism, 2002.
A discussion of the the study of film as a post-modern event.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses the study of film as a post-modern event. Defines the aesthetic values & dynamics of modernism and post-modernism. Post-Modernism as a cultural, aesthetic & historical issue. Structuralist thinking. Development of post-modern material and fragmented surface style in film. Examples: CONTEMPT, RESEVOIR DOGS, PULP FICTION.
From the Paper
"Movements in artistic expression often occur spontaneously and are then given a name to identify a perceived trend. This is clearly the case with reference to both modernism and postmodernism, and the very fact that we have seen a need to find a name for the changed environment after 1960 shows that postmodernism exists in some degree--it exists because we have named it, but that does not make it any more a coherent or "intentional" movement than was modernism. In film terms, postmodernism primarily shows a certain weariness with modernism rather than a drive to something clearly new. The elevation of film to a subject for study is itself a postmodern event, signaling as it does the end of the modernist division into High and Low culture. The increasingly self-reflexive nature of modern film along with the elevation of style over substance are..."
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Post-Modern Rebellion Against Modernism, 2004.
A comparison of Jackson Pollock's and Andy Warhol's art.
1,494 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about, not only the significance of modernism and postmodernism, but also characteristics of both artists, Pollock and Warhol, along with their artworks.
From the Paper
"An art-historical comparison of Jackson Pollock and Andy Warhol, two of the most celebrated artists of the mid to late twentieth century, is significant in demonstrating a shift from modernism to postmodernism. Pollock is represented as an ultimate expression of modernism and the embodiment of ambition for liberation in the 1950's. His drip paintings, which eliminated subject matter as essential , paved the way for modernist artists to take apart the foundations of all that was special in previous art making and abandon beauty as an ideal. Because of the significance of his work, modernism couldn't have gone as far without Pollock. The era of modernism, however, came to an end in 1964 according to Arthur Danto who stated that Warhol's art, especially his Brillo Boxes, marked its end. At the same time, as this work also implies the beginning of postmodernism, which is derived from modernist beliefs and attitudes, it is the art world with diverse aesthetic forms that broke with modernism. As a postmodernist and the enigmatic homosexual superstar of Pop Art, Warhol, adopted media, popular culture, and reproduction to rebel against the characteristics of modernism which Pollock's work and attitude toward art represented. By looking at two particular paintings, Pollock's Lucifer (1947) and Warhol's Triple Elvis (1961), we are able to bring out not only the differentiation of their personas and attitudes toward their art, but also the issues of Warhol's rebellion against modernist including Pollock."
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Modern Technology and Modern Malaise, 2002.
A look at the impact of information and communication technologies on society.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion of information and communication technologies, and the effect of alienation that new technologies have on society. In this paper, technologies and social realms are described as integrated relationships. The impact of new innovations in digital and communication technologies is, in this essay, one of increased malaise and indifference within the social venue of these technologies. Technologies are changing so rapidly that the possibility of a social or global influence in the development of technology is eclipsed by the larger investment in change, not progress.
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Modernism versus Post-modernism, 2005.
A discussion on the effects on design today.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the affects of the eras of modernism and postmodernism on design today. First the terms are defined and explained and an example is given for each period of design. The affect each era will continue to have on design today is also discussed.
From the Paper
"Modernism has had a great and lasting effect on design today. Because it's height spanned the 1920's through the 1960's there are many examples of modernist architecture still in place today. Modernism is defined by the Wikipedia Encyclopedia as "an artistic an cultural movement that generally includes progressive art and architecture, music and literature emerging in the decades before 1914, as artist rebelled against late 19th century academic and historic traditions" (Wikipedia). The modernism movement started in the mid-1900's and was sparked by the belief that the traditional style of doing things had outlived its time. Throughout the 20th century modernists looked for a better way of doing things so that they could bring architectural design up to date with the times. Many believe that the 20th century can be divided into modernism and post-modernism periods."
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Post-Modernism, 2004.
This paper discusses the philosophy of post-modernism, a complicated set of ideas, which are a reaction against failed modern thought without a clear goal for future direction.
3,465 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that post-modern sociology and culture has arisen from the after-effects of modern thought; just as values clarification and situational ethics were watch words of the 1980s, post-modernism has become the self-identification moniker of the 21st century. The author believes that the individual is now defined in terms that are important to the individual, rather than in terms of his relationship to the surrounding culture. The paper points out that the term 'post-modernism' has its origins in architecture and art; the post-modern artist grew tired of the traditional means and, in the case of the extreme post-modern artists, accepted the premise that life itself was meaningless.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Post-Modern Definition
Post-Modern Sociology and the Resulting Contradictions
The Self as Social Construction in the Post-Modern World
Post-Modern Individualism as Products of Self-Construction
Power and the Post-Modern Self
Post-Modernism and Responsibility
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Previous generations have sought to bring order and organization to the understanding of self, individualism and personal identify. The postmodernist revels in disorder, and a lack of consistent structure. The postmodern thought system has tired of looking for consistency and meaning in everyday life. Through disappointments with society, and with self, postmodern critical thinkers look to self for guidelines for life. No longer is the goal of a unified culture held as a workable or even desirable goal. Because too many people groups have varied desires and experiences of that same culture, the idea of a homogeneous self identify within the larger social order has been disguarded. The upper middle class business person can never have the same experiences of life as the inner city child growing up on welfare."
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The Modern Novel Styles, 2001.
A comparison between various literary styles such as pre-modern and modern ones.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the change in novel styles from the pre-modern to the modern period. The author discusses the new style that incorporates Romanticism, Realism and conception of love, fate and destiny. The author introduces and compares various literary styles such as of Chratien de Troyes, Joseph von Eichendorff's, Gustave Flaubert's, Guy de Maupassant's, Anton Chekhov's and George Eliot's.
From the Paper
""Although it is difficult to think of this being the case now, novels were once the province of the upper classes, for that thin segment of society that could read - and not for the teeming masses stopping by the airport bookstore. Thus even when the world depicted in the novel was not that of the world of the upper classes, the readership was an elite one, and novels were thus written for them. Thus many of the changes that we see occur as we shift from the decidedly non-modern form of the chivalric romance to pre-modern form of the picaresque to the entirely modern styles of Romanticism and Realism are reflective of changes in the nature of reading and the reading public. Other important changes reflect changes in the conception of love, in the place that love held in society in general and in the biography of each person's life, and in attitudes about fate and destiny."
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Adam Smith's Influence, 2002.
Provides an analysis of how economist Adam Smith's insight has influenced the modern free enterprise economy.
1,329 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
While the aristocracy was controlling the social and economic activity of most European nations in the years leading up to 1776, Adam Smith was imagining the possibilities of a yet to be established free enterprise economic system. The culmination of these thoughts was the 1776 publishing of his famous book, "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations". This paper gives examples of how Adam Smith's ideas have influenced modern economics. Areas of his influence are examined from modern taxation policy, to modern price controls.
From the Paper
"Adam Smith's principle that government intervention is detrimental to society can be clearly observed in the modern world by observing price controls. Dr. Michael Zimmer, professor of Economics at the University of Evansville, points out that you do not need to look far to see the clear and concise examples of countries plagued by this phenomena. Zimmer asserts that countries enforcing strict price controls fail to supply enough goods to satisfy the demand of the public. He points out a clear case of this being demonstrated in the Korean Peninsula. Here we can observe that North Korea is dreadfully poor, while across the border South Korea (a country without strict price controls) is one of the most prosperous countries on the planet. South Korea's prosperity is clearly due to their promotion of free enterprise and their lack of price controls."
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Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations", 2002.
An analysis of Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" and its influence on government policies and modern capatalism.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations", which remains perhaps the most famous economics text in all of human history. The author notes that it has been a source of wisdom for governments in search of sound economic policies, a practical guide for many people in search of personal economic prosperity, and has had a profound impact on the leaders of powerful movements that contributed to the emergence of modern capitalism. Despite the fact that some of Smith's ideas have not withstood the test of time, the legendary status of "Wealth of Nations" is fully justified, for its influence in modern times on economic theory has not been surpassed.
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Post-Modern Literature, 2004.
An examination of three authors - Jorge Luis Borges, Zadie Smith, and Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill - and a discussion of whether their works can be considered post-modern.
2,108 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
To consider what makes a work post-modern, a definition of post-modernity is provided. This is followed with an analysis of the works of three post-modern authors, one an author of short stories, one a novelist, and the third a poet. By analyzing these three authors, the aspects that make a work post-modern are highlighted, while also showing the variation that occurs within the category.
From the Paper
"This definition highlights three common features of postmodernism. The first is the lack of clear meaning in texts, with postmodernist writers often creating works that do not have a clear theme, nor clear resolutions, or even plots. In many cases, postmodern writers do not focus on communicating a specific point. Instead, they may be content just to present a story and allow the reader to determine what it means for themselves. The second common feature of postmodernism relates to the structure of the works created. The main element is not a specific type of structure, but rather a lack of structure. Works not classed as postmodern generally have specific common elements. For example, a short story generally has a plot, characters, a climax and a resolution. In the postmodern work, these features may or may not be present. The main element that is apparent in postmodern works is often a lack of the structural elements expected in literature. The final common feature is that a sense of confusion or a search for meaning is often apparent in postmodern works."
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Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", 2005.
This paper discuses Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", a modern history of the Middle East from the perspective of the changing peasant and urban artisan classes and the emerging modern working-classes.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East" begins in 1750, which marks the start of modern history for the Middle East because of (1) the rise of autonomous provincial regimes, (2) the expansion of agricultural production and (3) the intensification of links between several parts of the Ottoman Empire and the world capitalist market. The author points out that Beinin argues that industrial manufacturing was introduced to the Middle East as part of a drive to establish modern armies and extend the power of the states. The paper relates that Beinin considers the period after the collapse of global oil prices in 1985-86, when states became unable to provide previously established levels of services, thus creating an economic and moral vacuum, as the beginning of the political Islamic movements of establishing a popular base by offering social services, including education, health care and child care.
From the Paper
"During the era of Fordism-Keynesianism many Middle Eastern states pursued policies of populism, nationalist anti-imperialism, state-led economic development, and import-substitution industrialization. Some examples of this post-World War II trend he cites were Muhammad Mossadegh's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956. State-led development and import-substitution industrialization were key components of the social policies advanced by Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir in Egypt, the Ba'th in Syria and Iraq and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) from the 1950s to the 1970s. The political and economic programs of these authoritarian-populist regimes were designated "Arab nationalism" and "Arab socialism" respectively."
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The Politics and Economics of the Modern State, 2003.
An examination of the importance of the development of the modern state in shaping both the political and economic orders constitutive of modernity.
3,103 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper embarks on an examination of the development of the modern state. It shows how, once the modern state had developed, it played a crucial role in shaping both the economic and political orders of modernity. Indeed, this work goes further by arguing that the modern state was active in managing, perpetuating, and regulating changes in the economic sphere. Furthermore, it was the central mechanism through which the changes in the political sphere were organised, formalised and exercised. A detailed account of the different ways in which the modern state shaped the political and economic spheres is provided and an attempt is made to explore how the modern state was able to do this. It ends by acknowledging the changing role of the modern state and re-evaluates its importance in a period marked by globalization.
From the Paper
"The ideals of the Enlightenment of the 18th century became inscribed within modernity, these were premised on the notion that the modes of thought and organisation associated with traditional society must be eradicated. Moreover, in the place of traditional society, a new society should be built which is rationally constructed through the application of reason. The Enlightenment marked a final decisive break between traditional society and the modern world and this period was charcterised by a great degree of optimism in the human condition. At the same time however new problems and issues were emerging as a result of the transformations, these can be viewed as being two-fold. Firstly, there was the problem of responding to the changes in the mode of production, and the activities of the bourgeoisie."
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