| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "SHYNESS WITHDRAWAL": |
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Shyness and Withdrawal, 2006.
A summary of research articles relevant to the experience of shyness and withdrawal, and considerations for treatment and counseling.
2,738 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper examines shyness and social withdrawal, characteristics that can contribute to weaker coping resources, increased experiences of stress, depressive symptoms and physical illness. The paper describes prevention and intervention efforts that focus on increasing self-esteem, confidence, social self-efficacy and connectedness along with an emphasis on environmental factors such as improved social support and interpersonal relations between parents and children that may result in a decrease of shyness and social withdrawal. The paper concludes that counselors must explore these factors when planning and implementing treatment programs for shy individuals, and that reductions in shyness and social withdrawal contribute to improvements in individuals' physical and mental health.
From the Paper
"Stress is experienced today to a greater extent by all people, including adults and children. Edwards et al. (2004) investigated the effects that shyness, or level of social interest, had on an individual's coping resources, or their ability to deal with stressful life situations. This researcher especially sought out to empirically examine the relationship between level of social interest and coping skills in young children. Some children, like some adults, demonstrate high resilience levels that protect them from detrimental effects that may incur from exposure to stressful life experiences (Edwards et al., 2004)."
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Life Support Withdrawal: Family Decisions, 2008.
A research proposal exploring families' experiences with decisions of life-support withdrawal.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal tol explore and comprehend the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper discusses the significance of the phenomenon to nursing and provides an overview of the methodology to be used in the study.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"The decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) comprises a momentous event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. Since clients often are incapable of communication, family members may confront severe complexities or even dilemmas in attempting to make end-of-life care decisions. This is primarily because of the nature of technology that is used in the ICU which is actually used for to opposing purposes of prolonging and terminating life. Exploring families' experiences is a significant phenomenon of concern to clients' families and the health care team, as well as for the provision of client-centered care."
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Family Experience and Withdrawal of Life Support, 2008.
An analysis of the factors that impact on the quality of the family's experience in the withdrawal of life support from a loved one in ICU (intensive care unit).
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses families' experiences with the withdrawal of life support from a loved one in ICU (intensive care unit) and how it is not uniform for all families because of the operation of certain factors which influence the decision-making process. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of the support that these families receive and how it is the major factor that influences the quality of the family's experience.
Table of Contents:
Statement of the Problem and Purpose
Literature Review
Research Question
Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis #1
Data Collection
Research Design #1
Statistical Analysis #1
Hypothesis #2
Sampling Strategy #2
Data Collection #2
Research Design #2
Statistical Analysis #2
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Making decisions related to the withdrawal of life support in the ICU is one of the most demanding experiences the family will ever face. Nurses play a key role in the effectiveness of the decision making process and it is their understanding of the stages involved in that process which can determine the quality of the outcome. As McHale Wiegand (2006) maintains, as more families become involved in end-of-life decisions, it is essential that current research be assessed, the gaps in knowledge be identified, and that new directions for ongoing research should be established. Little is actually known about the interaction of nurses with families in this situation; what is certain is that the interaction is not uniform and that nurses need to realize what will be most effective with families who are experiencing high levels of stress."
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Withdrawal In Crime Of Conspiracy, 1995.
This paper discusses the defense of withdrawal, or renunciation, in the crime of conspiracy in California and New York: Common law, Model Penal Code and the Melissa Frances case as an example.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 21 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the defense of withdrawal, or renunciation, in the crime of conspiracy. The paper will use the recent example of Melissa Frances, who became involved in a plot to hire a "hit man" to kill her husband. Frances was approached by the hit man, Christopher Brown, after Brown was allegedly hired by Frances' ex-husband, Clarence Wilkinson, to kill Frances. Frances agreed to pay Brown $15,500 for Wilkinson's murder, giving Brown $500 as a down payment and a knife to be used in the murder. She later backed out of the deal and retrieved the knife, but Brown threatened to kill Wilkinson anyway if she did not give him the rest of the agreed-to money. At this point the police found out about the plot; it is unclear from the newspaper article whether Frances informed them of the situation."
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Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2007.
An examination of families' experiences when deciding to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU).
3,164 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. It explains that the methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who are contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals in which the conferences are concerned with the withholding or withdrawal of life support from a family member. The paper looks at how certain factors may be identified from family members' experiences that help to determine why the decision-making process is subject to wide variation.
The paper also notes that it is expected that certain family members engage in more effective decision making than others and that particular families engage in more effective decision making than other families. The paper highlights the fact that family decisions are rendered easier or more problematic by such variables as the person's prognosis, whether an acute or chronic illness is involved, perceived quality of life, degree of suffering, and the presence of an advance directive. The paper concludes that preparation for death most especially needs to be based in a team approach, and the emphasis should be upon the relationship between nurses and families and that the future needs of the family should be proactively considered once death has occurred.
From the Paper
"Nurses and other healthcare providers normally initiate the discussion that lead to withdrawal of life-support but patients and families make the final decision. The experience of decision making is different for family members when an acute illness is involved from a situation of chronic illness. After a period of denial, families of patients with acute illness or injury can recognize the need for withdrawal of support much more quickly (McHale Wiegand, 2006). Certain behaviors by healthcare providers can increase the level of distress experienced by the patient's family."
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Life-Support Withdrawal, 2008.
A research proposal for a study of how families deal with making end-of-life care decisions.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This research proposal involves an examination of how the decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) comprises a most significant event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. The methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who will be contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals. The research design is based on interpretive phenomenology, according to the work of M. van Manen and its focus on direct experience. The paper maintains that family members' experience of decision making related to withdrawal of life support is subjective, but also universal in many respects. The decision to withhold or withdraw interventions involves a complex process that occurs in stages. The paper concludes that the goal of the study is to show how this process is either facilitated or made more problematic for families.
Outline:
Introduction
Research Design
Theoretical Underpinning
Strengths and Limitations of Design
Participant Selection
Study Setting
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Steps to Ensure Rigor
Dissemination of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The theory underlying this study ultimately is found in the writings of Heidegger (1975, p. 11) who maintained that the individual worldview is not relative because whenever a worldview is developed, what it contains "can be formulated in propositions and rules which are related in their meaning to a specific really existing world". Individual experience, then, reflects universal experience. According to Phillips and Brown (1993), a critical hermeneutic approach proves useful in investigating the management of meaning. The approach is based on hermeneutics as an area of philosophy which relates to the theory and practice of interpretation, but is critical because it enables self-conscious reflection on social conditions. When the hermeneutic perspective is combined with a critical approach, the result is a structured approach to the analysis of the role of meaning in people's experience (Phillips & Brown, 1993). Researchers use the approach to associate ideas and symbols in ways which will explain the creation or maintenance of a permanent pattern of social relations. These include any activity which affects the network of symbols through which the individual or group understands reality. Critical hermeneutics is especially useful since it extends existing interpretive approaches (Phillips & Brown, 1993). The method can be used in longitudinal studies, in studies comparing cultural management, or in the study of groups and inter-group conflict."
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Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2008.
This paper presents a study exploring what family members experience when deciding to withhold or discontinue life-sustaining treatment from a loved one.
1,206 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a research study that will explore the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper examines the role of healthcare providers in this situation, presents the research question and looks at the methodology to be used.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"Life-sustaining interventions have the potential to increase the life span of patients, yet termination of these interventions in ICUs is steadily increasing. Whereas providing the options regarding withholding or withdrawing treatment is common in the ICU environment, assisting family members as they struggle with these decisions on a personal level is extremely problematic (Abbott, Sago, Breen & Abernethy, 2001). The decision to withhold or withdraw these interventions involves a complex process for family members and occurs in stages (McHale Wiegand, 2006). For many family members, they are forced to become involved with decisions about which they have little or no information and have no preparation (McHale Wiegand, 2006)."
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Shyness: Antecedents and Outcomes, 2005.
A review of several studies looking at the causes and consequences of shyness.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes, reviews, and analyzes three studies on the precursors and antecedents of shyness and two studies on the outcomes of shyness. The paper explains that the first three studies reviewed focused on biological and socialization factors and the second two focused on the stability and long-term correlates of social withdrawal and on the idea that shyness is only problematic in societies that look negatively upon it. The paper concludes by noting that there are flaws in the studies but also by noting the additional knowledge that all of the studies have brought to the understanding of shyness.
From the Paper
"The first study I found focused on socialization factors during infancy. It was done by Martin Gerhold, et. al. and was called "Early Mother-Infant Interaction as a Precursor to Childhood Social Withdrawal." The infants were three months of age, and the authors examined biological and psychosocial risks, and later social withdrawal, using a hierarchical logistic regression approach. Variables were entered into the regression models as follows: biological and psychosocial risks and sex, mother and child variables (done separately), and lastly, all of the variables were entered together. The results supported their hypothesis in that child behaviors (smiling and gazing) as well as maternal behaviors (facial and motor responsiveness) significantly predicted social withdrawal in middle childhood. Therefore, the authors claim their results suggest that a dysfunctional interaction pattern between mothers and their infants may be a precursor to shyness in childhood (Gerhold, et. al., 2002)."
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Shyness, 2008.
An analysis of the origins, functions and affects of the personality trait of shyness.
701 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the personality trait of shyness. It describes the origins of the trait and its purpose and function in humans. The paper discusses the ways in which the personality trait of shyness affects an individual's behavior. It then looks at methods and techniques that can help to reduce the quantity of the negative aspects of the trait.
Table of Contents:
The Origins and Development of the Personality Trait of Shyness
The Purpose and Function of the Personality Trait of Shyness in Humans
Ways in which the trait of Shyness affects the Individual's Behavior
Methods or Techniques that can be used to Decrease the Quantity of the Trait of Shyness
From the Paper
"Carducci (2000) advices shy people to persist, stop avoiding, act now, and do social reconnaissance. In terms of public speaking, for example, they should be encouraged to practice at home and take every opportunity to speak; anxiety-ridden situations should be transformed into routine activities. Shy people must learn how to not focus on their flaws so much; a person may become even more uncomfortable and uncertain if he concentrated on his shortcomings. As parents of shy children, children should be taught strategies on how to successfully interact with their peers (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2007). They should be taught coping strategies in various situations such as through failures, successes, and rejection. They should be taught how to manage their anger, how to use humor, to forgive and apologize, and give compliments. Shy people should be encouraged to interact with their peers by teaching them how to share, make requests, express appreciation, standing up for a friend, and doing favors for others."
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Withdrawing and Withholding of Medical Treatment, 2004.
This paper is a literature review discussing the withdrawing and withholding of medical treatment in adult intensive care (ICU).
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that withholding and withdrawing treatment appears to be more acceptable to physicians than that of shortening life. The author defines ?withholding treatment? as the decision either not to start or not to increase treatments that may sustain life, while ?withdrawing treatment? is defined as removing a life-sustaining intervention that is being used on a patient; ?active shortening? of the dying process is an act specifically performed to end life, such as an intentional overdose, which is not ?active euthanasia? because most ICU patients can not actively participate in the decision. The paper points out that the role of law is to articulate the minimum standards that professionals must achieve in the care of patients.
Table of Contents
Definition
Geographical Perspective
Ethics and Legal Considerations
Law and the Withholding or Withdrawal of Care
Physicians Personal Perspective
Summary
From the Paper
"For example, in the United States, the care of patients at the end of their lives has become care that actively involves the patient, or if the patient is unable to participate in the decision making process, those family members who hold power of attorney to make such decisions for them. In North America, there is a trend toward earlier abandonment of life sustaining therapies. In Europe, active euthanasia is common in the Netherlands and Belgium although it is practiced legally in only one European country. The overall incidence of the withdrawal of life sustaining measures in European ICUs is not known, although withholding and withdrawing life support is actively used by most European intensivists, shortening of the dying process remains rare."
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Adult Shyness, 2002.
A study proposal to investigate the specific relationship between childhood self-esteem and adult shyness.
777 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review regarding the stability of childhood traits over time and uses the Differential Emotions Theory (DET) to further explain the literature findings. The DET states that emotions and temperament or personality are related and that these are motivating processes. Thus the differences found in emotionality and temperament are reflected in patterns of emotion-cognition-action bonds which are the building blocks of the personality traits. It evaluates how this theory can be used to explain the predicted tendency for a child with low self-esteem to develop shy behaviors that would persist and be present in adulthood. It proposes a study through questionnaire use to determine if this relationship is true.
From the Paper
"Bruno (1998) stated that shyness leads to shyness. A troubled person tends to be distressed in the presence of others and avoidance of others relieves anxiety. Thus the shy behavior is reinforced and becomes a habit. The author also stated that interpersonal factors are found to have a role in chronic shyness. For example those who are found to efface themselves, lack assertiveness skills. These people do not know how to stand up for their rights or themselves in interpersonal contexts and therefore tend to find themselves avoiding others."
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Withdrawing Nutrition: Ethical or Unethical?, 2002.
An examination of whether a nurse or medical facility has the right to withdrawing nutrition from a patient to promote quality of life.
2,350 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversial issue of withholding medical care and nutrition from a patient with a terminal illness or on life support. There have been several cases which have reached the high courts recently in which this matter is being argued. This paper explores which body has the right to decide if this treatment should be stopped - the medical facility, the family members or the court.
From the Paper
"What care is 'futile'? Throughout the years, the question of whether or not to withhold certain treatments to terminally ill patients has been addressed. Do we continue to treat people who are still alive, even if we know that there is no hope? This is a question that has been asked over and over again by various parties. This notion is an ethical dilemma because it involves the notion of ending a life by witholding medical attention. Some religious groups feel that patients should be treated at all costs up until the end, while other people disagree with the notion and say this is immoral; these people have such a low quality of life, they should be relieved of their pain and suffering as fast as possible. Much like abortion, another ethical dilemma, it is difficult to say which side is right or wrong. Hence, an analysis into the situation must be consiered."
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Social Phobias and Shyness, 2004.
Summary and critical review of an article entitled, "Shyness and Social Phobia: A Social Work Perspective on a Problem in Living".
769 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a review, analysis, and critique of J. Walsh's article on social phobias. The paper discusses the purpose of the article and the methods used for the experiment that the article reports on. The paper also provides a summary of the results of Walsh's experiment and his recommendations. It concludes with a critical review of Walsh's article.
From the Paper
"The problem statement in this article is that social phobias and shyness is being conceptualized in terms of the parameters of mental disorder. This implies a tendency within the DSM to emphasize treatment via medication and thereby underplay the efficacy of interactive and other therapeutic remedies. The purpose of the article is to examine this possible imbalance in understanding social phobia and to review social anxiety and shyness - not necessarily as pathology - but rather in the light of social and interactive causation and treatment models. A central purpose of the article is to remove the stigmatization of personality characteristics that a categorization of mental disorder can have on those who suffer from social phobias. The author also stresses the effectiveness of many non-medical interventions."
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The Practice of Witholding or Withdrawing Patient Treatment, 2002.
This paper analyzes the effects of the health care reform and right-to-die movements on patient care.
2,773 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
According to the paper, there are instances in which health care reforms have cut funding thereby causing medical professionals to withhold treatment, and other instances in which patients have asked to have treatment withheld from them if they have no possibility of revival. The writer looks at these two movements and the sometimes controversial ethical, legal and economic implications.
From the Paper
"Treatment is customarily withdrawn or withheld only from those who are judged terminally ill or futile to treat or as having little potential for quality of life even given the best treatment. For example, treatment has increasingly been withheld from infants with severe handicaps, including mental impairments, when parents judge that such treatment will leave their child with little or no quality of life. This has some court support through such decisions as that in the Baby Doe case (Dyck, 1994)."
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