| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "SHUTTLE ECONOMY PHENOMENON": |
|
|
The Shuttle Economy Phenomenon, 2004.
An overview of the growing shuttle trade in Eastern Europe.
2,012 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses how for thriving capitalist economies with large commercial spaces for retail, the shuttle trade - buying goods abroad on tourist trips to bring back and sell at kiosks or open air markets - seems like an absurd phenomenon. It looks at how for so-called transition economies, shuttling has become a means of survival for workers who cannot find employment and for consumers who cannot afford to buy goods at conventional retail markets. It shows how although the shuttle business has been declining in the last few years, a majority of consumers in Russia and other CIS countries still buy goods at kiosks, open-air markets, informal stores on the ground floors of apartment blocks, or street vendors because prices are much cheaper than in the newer supermarkets.
From the Paper
"The origins and enormous scale of the shuttle trade in ?transition? countries can only be understood against the background of the trade environment during the communist period. The exchange and trading system within communist countries was an extension of the state planning system. It was conducted through an annual foreign exchange plan and only a handful of trading agencies were licensed to engage in external trade. The retail trade industry was very small compared to capitalist economies and as a consequence it was inadequately developed to handle the flow of commodities - even in a centrally planned economy."
| |
|
Heat Transfer and the Space Shuttle, 2002.
This paper was written to explain the Thermal Protective Systems (TPS) of the space shuttle to a non-scientific audience.
3,270 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper talks about the ways in which the shuttle is designed to overcome basic heat transfer problems during launch, orbit and re-entry. The main points in this paper are the active and passive systems in the TPS and the history of the shuttle design.
From the Paper
"10...9...8...Patiently the Space Shuttle waits on the launch pad...7...6... everything is in place...5...4... all functions are working properly...3... the conditions are comfortable on the coast of Florida, and the temperature is nice and warm...2...1... IGNITION! (Figure #1) The sudden burn of the rockets jolts the humongous craft to life. As streams of flame shoot out its lower portion, the craft begins to inch skyward. In no time its speed has increased, and it begins hurtling through the air towards its mission. While still inside Earth's atmosphere, the airflow over the Shuttle begins to warm the craft's surface, until it becomes "white hot." Then, the craft breaks free of the atmosphere's restraints, plunging into the freezing void of outer space. The Space Shuttle must be able to withstand these temperature extremes and still accomplish its mission objectives. After the mission, as the craft returns to Earth, it again encounters tremendously high temperatures as it re-enters Earth's atmosphere. The Shuttle encounters a lot of atmospheric resistance and slows itself down through this phase, then finally glides to a comfortable rest at Edwards Air Force Base in sunny Southern California, where the astronauts and craft must prepare to begin the process all over again. These intense hot and cold extremes drive scientists and design engineers as they work to control the internal temperature of the space shuttle throughout the various phases of its journey. They do this by using many creative systems such as specially designed tiles and radiator systems, to both reflect and radiate heat that would otherwise be dangerous to the craft and crew."
| |
|
Space Shuttle - Unsafe at Any Cost?, 2005.
An exploration of how policy and budgetary considerations have influenced shuttle safety.
2,911 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The space shuttle program from inception has been challenged by trade-offs. Management at NASA is forced to make difficult decisions regarding schedule and budgets, and some of those decisions aren't proper from an engineering perspective. Due to budgetary constraints and a disconnect between management and sound engineering, the nation has experienced two shuttle tragedies: Challenger and Columbia. This paper attempts to explore the tradeoff and conflict between budget and safety.
Outline
Abstract
Bad Beginnings
Challenger
From Challenger to Columbia
Conclusions
From the Paper
"On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded 18 miles from its initial launch point at Kennedy Space Center, a mere 73 seconds into its tenth flight. Seen only by launch cameras, intermittent puffs of black smoke escaped the right solid rocket booster (SRB) from .678 until 2.733 seconds into the flight, stopping only to reemerge as a flame another 56 seconds later, and ultimately leading to the destruction of the orbiter. (NASA, 1986) All eight crew members of the Challenger were lost in the explosion and the eight-mile plummet into the Atlantic Ocean."
| |
|
The Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster, 2008.
An analysis of the events that led up to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster and the changes that NASA has implemented to prevent a similar disaster from occurring.
1,431 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes the topic of the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Specifically, it analyzes the accident that occurred on the morning of February 1, 2003 and discusses the events that led up to its occurrence. The paper then discusses what NASA learned from the Columbia disaster and the changes that it has implemented as a result.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, NASA learned much from the Columbia disaster, and they have implemented new flight techniques and safety checks that help ensure this type of accident does not happen again. However, the Columbia disaster indicates that communication and decision-making at NASA is sometime suspect, and that continues, even today, even though NASA has developed these new safety checks to help make sure disasters like Columbia do not happen again. While the communication techniques NASA officials use may come into question, ultimately, it is recognized that space travel, although we often take it for granted, is inherently dangerous. Astronauts know that, and so do their families. Every time we send another space shuttle into orbit, we face the possibility of disaster, it is that simple. Still, space travel has largely been safe, and it seems that NASA will continue to promote safe space travel into the future."
| |
|
The Destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger, 2003.
A look at technical aspects of the failure of the Space Shuttle Challenger and the organisation and culture within NASA.
7,743 words (approx. 31.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 168.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
On 28 January 1986, the world was shocked by the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger, and the death of its crew. This paper examines the processes used in deciding to launch the ill-fated mission. It focuses on the flawed culture within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its associated mismanagement. It analyses how this culture influenced NASA's beliefs, its decision-making process and its performance.
Outline
Background
Engineering
Management Issues
Belief Systems
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"President Nixon endorsed the Shuttle during the 1972 election year because it would increase employment. In a crime against the English language, he announced that the vehicle would "revolutionise transportation into near space, by routinising it." He also recognised that it was politically unacceptable not to maintain a manned presence in space. However, the Office of Management and Budget continued to monitor the programme's costs. NASA was forced to make savings in the short term, at the expense of higher operational costs and greater risks. Solid-rocket boosters were chosen because they were less expensive to develop and could be more quickly refurbished than boosters using liquid propellants."
| |
|
The Challenger Space Shuttle Disaster, 2001.
Looks at the problems and failures in the decision making process that led to the led to the Challenger space shuttle disaster.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"In order for the stakeholders in the shuttle program are to be satisfied that a disaster of the Challenger type will never occur again the decision making process that allowed the disaster must be explored. It is fair to state that certain kinds of decisions that stood on their own merit should no longer have credence.
In the broadest possible sense, despite the tremendous accomplishments of the engineers, scientists, and management involved in the shuttle program, the greatest mistake in respect to Challenger was enthusiasm. The groundwork for any project from ditch-digging to landing a rocket on the moon, must be laid with careful, methodical work that allows for no shortcutting..."
| |
|
The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster., 2002.
This paper discusses the causes of the space shuttle Challenger disaster.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains the technical aspects and managerial issues of the Challenger disaster. The author states that behavioral issues don't apply, but rather NASA proved to be seriously deficient in their organizational theory.
| |
|
The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster, 2004.
A review of the "Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report" on the space shuttle disaster.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes Chapters 6 and 7 of the "Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report". Specifically, it discusses the issues that surfaceed about NASA and its organization and answers the question: If you were designing a new organization to change the core processes what would be your priorities for change? It examines how the National Air and Space Agency (NASA) ultimately is a business organization, just like any other, and how it faces the same funding issues, internal power struggles, and management concerns that any other business faces.
From the Paper
"The need for change in the organization is clear, and the priorities need to be established and followed. Clearly, the first priority should be either a general housecleaning in management, or at least a re-evaluation of the current management mission, and how it must contribute to change and safety, rather than deadlines and appearances. The second priority must be communication, because the communication streams are flawed, and it seems some staff are afraid to communicate concerns or problems. It also seems budgetary concerns are also a major issue with NASA. These concerns must be addressed, but they should never come ahead of Shuttle safety, and it seems from the start, they have."
| |
|
Challenger Space Shuttle Disaster, 2004.
Examination of the events leading up to the Challenger disaster and lessons that were learned following it.
1,624 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 52.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The Challenger Space Shuttle exploded 73 seconds after take-off from the Kennedy Space Center on January 28, 1986, killing all 7 crew members on board. The accident threw the U.S. space program into turmoil as NASA grounded its remaining space shuttles over the next two years for redesigning of their safety features and implementing stricter quality control. This paper describes the Challenger disaster, discusses why the accident occurred, whether it could have been prevented, and who was to blame. It also discusses the dangers of space travel even in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"NASA launched the re-usable Space Shuttle program in the late 1960s. The Space Shuttle was initially part of a plan to ferry astronauts and cargo to and from an Earth-orbiting space station. Later on, lack of funding forced NASA to drop the plan for the ?space station? and it revised the shuttle?s function as a ?space truck? that could deploy and retrieve satellites and carry out scientific experiments in space. Each Space Shuttle was designed to perform about 100 missions with only minor maintenance. Their re-usability, in contrast, to the ?throwaway? spacecrafts used earlier was purported as a major cost-cutting feature. However, space shuttles proved very expensive to develop and NASA had to make more frequent launches to offset the costs. In one year alone (1986--the year of the Challenger disaster) 24 shuttle missions were planned. (Chaikan, 2003)"
| |
|
Heating Problems During Re-entry of Space Shuttles, 2003.
Analysis of space shuttle re-entries, focusing on the problems encountered by the Columbia.
791 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
As the space shuttle Columbia began its re-entry into Earth?s atmosphere on February 1, 2003, it began to break up. While the exact cause of the shuttle break up is still being investigated, there are many theories being considered, many of which have to do with heating tiles under the shuttle. The paper examines the process of an air-shuttle's re-entry into the atmosphere and shows where things could have gone wrong with Columbia.
From the Paper
"In the final stage, the shuttle approaches the upper atmosphere and enters the ionization blackout. In the ionization blackout, hot ionized gases of the atmosphere surround the shuttle. This prevents radio communication with mission control for the about twelve minutes. At this point the shuttle is traveling at 17,000 mph. As the shuttle collides with air molecules, friction is generated which leads to surface temperatures of around 3000 F. The steep angle of re-entry ensures that most of the aerodynamic heating is directed towards the underside of the shuttle where the heat resistant tiles offer the greatest amount of protection. As the atmosphere thickens, the shuttle's thrusters are eventually switched off, at which point the shuttle?s aerodynamic flight features kick in, and it can be flown like an airplane."
| |
|
The Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon, 2007.
This study identifies the key mental processes involved in the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explains that the brain usually processes semantic information by first identifying lexical characteristics and then using that information to narrow its final word choice down to the target answer, but this form of processing does not take place in the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon. The paper then focuses on this phenomenon and defines it as what happens when individuals report being unable to recall a specific word or target answer, but are able to produce generic recall responses that share semantic and phonological characteristics with each other and with the target word. The paper presents two hypotheses about the TOT phenomenon but then refutes them, showing that differences in incidences of the TOT phenomenon are not dependent on instructional context or on gender.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
From the Paper
"The tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon is one that arguably every human being is familiar with. According to Brown and McNeill (1966) in one of the first studies printed on the subject, the TOT phenomenon occurs when one cannot recall a word of which one has knowledge and yet has the impression that recall is imminent. Manufacturing "close" guesses as to the identity of the target word is common when an individual is in this state. It can range from forgetting the name of a friend, the street that an acquaintance lives on, or even the name of a television program."
| |
|
Paratheatrical Phenomenon, 2002.
An overview of different paratheatrical phenomenon through history from traveling medieval performers to counter-culture happenings of the nineteen-sixties.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 62.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses paratheatrical phenomenon such as was performed by traveling medieval performers, joungleurs, and minstrels. The Arab Hakawati, the Roman Naumachiae and gladiator games are described as well, as are nineteenth-century street performances, European and American Mountebanks, Nazi propaganda spectacles, and counter-culture happenings of the nineteen-sixties.
| |
|
Jihad- A Misunderstood Phenomenon, 2001.
This paper explains that the antagonistic view regarding the phenomenon of Jihad is too shallow, inaccurate and unreasonable.
2,078 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 65.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the antagonistic view regarding the phenomenon of Jihad is too shallow, inaccurate and unreasonable. The author explains that it is a grim fact that these views prevail as opposed to the true meaning of Jihad. Endnotes.
From the Paper
"The inception of every single religion has experienced forces working against its expansion. Consequently, there have been instances where most major religions have had to use force in order to survive, prevail or exist at all for that matter. We can look up the Christian crusades or the Samurai war crimes or the Six-day war between Israel and the Arabs or even the kamikaze pilots of the Shinto faith and the list goes on and on. Although we cannot discount the political and social undercurrents involved in these wars, anyone with little common sense can arrive at the conclusion that the core basis of these wars was religion. Islam is no exception in this regard. History, especially from the western perspective is riddled with the Muslim conquests of Spain and India. Islam (at least in the west) has been labeled as the modern version of barbarianism. This dim sightedness is a result of several factors originating from the Muslims themselves and eventually developing into the increasingly popular concept that Islam in essence is the Mecca of le diable a quatre. If we take a closer look at the Muslim warfare, one word that comes up every time is Jihad. "
| |
|
The Atkins Phenomenon, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of the "low carb craze" and the 'Atkins phenomenon'.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the so-called "low carb craze", which maintains that a diet low in carbohydrates and high in proteins as well as the interrelated "Atkins phenomenon" (the Atkins Diet, which advocates the low carb/high protein approach) is most effective in dieting. This paper discusses various facets of these issues in an effort to better understand the impact of this form of diet. It also looks at the role that technology and science can play in the food industry.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Central Issue at Hand
Societal Trends That Contribute to "The Craze"
Scientific Understanding Relevant to the Issue
Impact of Low Carb on the Future Food Supply and How the Supply Can be Managed
Can Technology Help in this Case?
Conclusions
From the Paper
"If the assumption is made, for the sake of discussion, that low carb diets, for better or worse, become the norm in the 21st century, there are definite outcomes that the international food supply can expect. Generally, the demand for grains, rice, certain fruits and vegetables will surely decrease noticeably, because simply put, people will not be consuming and therefore not buying them (Cetron, et al, 2005). Conversely, the demand for animal-based products such as raw and processed meats, eggs, cheese and other dairy products will skyrocket.
Keeping this supply/demand curve in mind, it is reasonable to assume that if the demand for animal products increases and agricultural products decreases, that it will actually even out as agricultural products are needed to raise and feed the animals that will be "processed" as food."
| |
|
Intellectuals and the Phenomenon of Violence, 2006.
Examines the works of intellectuals and what they have to write about the idea of violence.
1,407 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Violence, whether one considers it rational or irrational, is a global phenomenon. It manifests itself through the actions of individuals, groups and on a larger scale, between nations. Given this fact, as well as the omnipresence of violence throughout the world today, it is unlikely that this phenomenon can decrease to any significant extent. This paper shows that many "intellectuals" have written about violence. In order to better understand the nature of violence and its inescapable role in the world, the paper examines their writings. Works explored in this paper include Hannah Arendt's "On Violence", Albert Camus' "The Stranger", Frantz Fanon's "The Wretched of the Earth" and Georges Sorel's "Reflections on Violence".
From the Paper
"Francis Bacon was another intellectual who spoke against violence. Like Dostoevsky he couched his language in peace-loving, Christian terms. In his Essays, Bacon constantly points to the goodness of man: "The inclination to goodness is imprinted deeply in the nature of man." In every one of his fifty-eight short essays - on
truth, death, marriage, love, and the list continues - Bacon tends to idealize instead of looking at the facts as they are and coming to a viable conclusion. For example, Bacon asserts that if someone murders a loved one, to take revenge would be a sort of "wild justice" and that one would be "superior" by not taking any retributive action. That sounds laudable but the fact is that at that decisive moment man's tendency is towards violence and in most cases he will take revenge."
|
|
|
