| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "SHORT MEMORY AGING": |
|
|
Short-Term Memory and Aging, 2008.
A discussion of the possible causes for short-term memory loss in old age.
2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 77.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper addresses short-term memory loss among the elderly. The paper points out that the habit of viewing difficulties of short-term memory loss as normal in aging is countered by knowledge of the phenomenon as a frequent indication of changes in other memory functions. The paper mentions current models, which address short-term memory in relation to brain connectivity, such that impaired short-term memory may be read as a sign for other alterations in memory or brain function that are more significant. The paper looks into a variety of causes in order to gain a better conceptualization of a condition that is a frequent symptom, rather than a disorder all its own. The paper concludes that symptoms involving cognition and memory indicate something, and are not reducible to old models of steady decline, especially mental decline, in old age.
From the Paper
"An aging North American population and much research attention given to Alzheimer's and dementia have produced considerable knowledge of help in understanding other conditions of brain function including mental and nervous disorder. Grady, Furey Et Al (2001) examined altered brain connectivity and the decline of short-term memory of a sample of Alzheimer's patients and a normal control group. Alzheimer's disorder is increasing defined as a syndrome of dysfunctional connectivity within the brain whose most apparent indication is often much impaired short-term memory. Given the technology available to neurologists and neuro-psychiatrists of today, much more is understood of what happens to the memory of the Alzheimer's patient in addition to knowledge allowing us to know more of the normal or aging person who does not present the condition. Delays in cognitive processing due to Alzheimer's changes affect other aspects of memory. For instance, impairment in the functioning of the prefrontal cortex of means the patient cannot recognize a once familiar face, or the face of a caregiver or other individual that is seen daily."
| |
|
Memory Loss and Aging, 2005.
A discussion of the effects of aging on memory loss.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the hypothesis of a psychology research study examining the effects of aging on loss of associative memory. The paper agrees with the study that memory functions are vulnerable to the effects of aging.
| |
|
Experiment In Short-term Memory Recall, 1971.
This paper describes the methods used, including visual data, of an experiment in short-term memory recall. The paper includes the completed research study, charts and graphs.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The short-term memory experiment to be described in this paper is an attempt to verify the Bieder-Szafran experiment, which is a variation of the Buschke experiment of 1962. Previous to the time of Buschke's experiment, short-term memory studies had been conducted according to the classical method of simply presenting a given amount of information to a subject, who was then asked to recall or recognize, either in oral or written manner, as much of the material presented as he could. G. A. Miller used this approach in the study in which he determined the memory span for humans to be seven, plus or minus two. Miller also stated that the accuracy and amount of recall depended not on the information content of the material, but instead on the number of items presented. This was in 1956."
| |
|
Memory, Ability and Age, 1990.
Original research study in which independent t-tests were conducted to determine whether five separate measures of memory ability varied as a function of age.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
Abstract
"Independent t-tests were conducted to determine whether five separate measures of memory ability varied as a function of age. There were three significant differences revealing that young adults perform somewhat better than old adults in terms of: (1) the capacity to hold information in conscious awareness; (2} the ability to manipulate or transform information held in primary memory; and (3) the ability to recall words. No significant differences were found between young and old subjects on the measures of secondary memory capacity or the ability to remember the content of prose passages. Level of education and amount of reading done per week were not found to be correlated with memory ability."
| |
|
Stress and Short Term Memory, 2007.
An examination of the realms of stress and the impact of stress on memory.
5,934 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 141.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the different types and causes of stress and looks at their impact on the body. In particular, it reviews the literature and proposes a study to investigate the effects of physical and mental stress on both short and long-term memory.
Outline:
What is Stress?
Types of Stress
Symptoms of Stress
Stress and Memory
Analysis of Questionnaire
Analysis of Pulse Rate
Analysis of Blood Pressure
Analysis of Salivary Cortisol Levels
Results of Memory Clinic Tests
Limitations of the Study
Suggestions For Additional Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On a lighter note, research has found that the Cortisol induced inhibition of short-term memory is reversible. Elzinga documented that though working memory was inhibited in the Stress State, the rats returned to normal functioning after only ten days of non-stress situations (2005). Signifying with appropriate coping and managing stress individuals can ensure their health. There are a number of ways in which individuals can reduce the effects of stress in their lives. Exercise, proper diet and relaxation techniques can help with releases for built up tension and stress for individuals. Exercise has proven very effective in stress reduction."
| |
|
The Short and Long Term Memory of Infants, 2008.
An analysis of the literature regarding the presence or absence of memory in infants aged 6-12 months.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes the literature regarding long term and short term memory in infants, focusing on infants aged 6-12 months. The paper hypothesizes that short and long term memory is evident in infants and that evidence of this will exist in some infants, while it will not exist in others. The paper also looks at the role that environment plays in determining the retention of memory.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Bergman, Mahler and Pine (2000) conducted research in relation to infant memory and have concluded that the events that occur within an infant's life not only can be recalled, but are the basis for personality development throughout life (p. 6). This information is based on a theory of the infant-mother relationship in which Bergman, Mahler and Pine (2000) stipulate serves as the foundation of all memory in infancy and supports cognitive development consistently (p. 6). The researchers have concluded that it is this relationship that will indicate whether or not the person has later psychological issues that must be addressed and this relationship that affects how the person will ultimately function in the world. This research, however, is limited because it only provides for a comparison of theories that are then evaluated to support the research concept and it draws conclusions about infant memory that are not based on actual data from the observation of participants."
| |
|
Visual Memory and Eye Movements, 2008.
A study of the correlation between visual short-term memory, eye movements, human behavior and comprehension.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the nature of temporal memory, visual perception, and attention shifts through eye movement prove intriguing subject matter. The paper looks into two particular experimental designs used to investigate these issues. The first investigates how eye movement and visual short-term memory are related to pedestrian traffic behavior. The second experimental design tests the correlation between television viewing and the ability to read stereograms. Both television viewing and comprehension of stereograms require a long period of looking at once spot and taking in visual information, though one involves absorption of moving information and the other involves absorption of still information. The paper explains that both designs observe eyeball movement and visual focus in terms of competency tasks and that one involves the real-life scenario of pedestrian behavior, while the other involves the ability to detect hidden geometric patterns using visual focus. The paper concludes that the first experiment is an important test to implement because pedestrian traffic fatalities prove to be a dominant and historical problem, while the second test is interesting because the ability to glimpse the hidden images in stereograms is still an unsolved mystery.
Outline:
Introduction
Experimental Design
Non-Experimental/Correlational Design
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The problem is how to test the hypotheses in an ethical fashion. Restricting the potential eye movement and scope of vision of pedestrians as they walk through real-life traffic would be very ethically wrong. Instead, a simulation needs to be developed whereby the safety of subjects is not compromised. In this case, the simulation can come either via reconstruction of a traffic scenario (difficult to enact) or in terms of a computer simulation (which poses no safety risk). A number of computer games already exist in which traffic and pedestrian behavior are a major part of the game. An obvious example is Grand Theft Auto, though as this game is controversial (violence, bad language) it may not be appropriate. The game "City Life" would be better, as it is visually very realistic and easy to maneuver. Other Sims games may be also appropriate and are readily available. However, in order to eliminate the chance of video prowess of being an extraneous variable, the game should be very simple and easy for computer game "beginners" to maneuver. A pedestrian street version of city life, or a fairly "clean" part of Grand Theft Auto, may be appropriate. The scene selection is one whereby intersecting traffic is a consideration and the A to B point of pedestrian travel is a fairly straight, easy-to-monitor course."
| |
|
The Psychology of Memory, 2006.
A discussion regarding the sensory memory, working memory and long-term memory.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks closely at a chapter describing the inner workings of our human memory, and the three component system that we utilize to retail information. Using sensory memory, working memory and long-term memory we can learn to better encode information in order to be more successful students. The more meaning we can attach to our memories, the stronger memories they become.
From the Paper
"Memories can seem to be fleeting moments, shocking us when we can not seem to recall the most standard pieces of information, or surprisingly dense, as when details one thought completely unimportant rise clearly into our thoughts. Understanding the processes behind memory can aid our quests to recall specific information similarly to how an information processing system such as a computer or database works. Through a clear understanding of the three component model of memory--sensory memory, working or short term memory and long term memory--one can apply this awareness towards creating specific rehearsal and encoding cues which will be more likely to remain stable in our long term memory. While the processes of memory have been speculated upon for centuries, a current model describes memory utilizing technological imagery. "
| |
|
The Ability to Read, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal providing an extensive review of literature about the ability to read and describing a research methodology to evaluate the predictor effects of short-term memory and language ability.
10,640 words (approx. 42.6 pages), 93 sources, APA, $ 212.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains in detail the process of reading and the many factors that can contribute to problems in learning to read. The paper details evaluating the predictor effects of short-term memory and language ability by testing children of low socioeconomic status between the ages of three and four years on reading skills. The author points out that, if the relationship of short-term memory and language ability is predictive, this knowledge might be helpful to the clinician in deciding which children to refer to intervention programs.
Table of Contents
The Meaning of Reading
Proper Reading Development
Decompose Reading
Alphabetic Principle
Passage Comprehension
Normal Reading Ability in Children Ages 6-10
Early Development to Promote Reading
Language and Reading Ability
Dyslexia, a Common, Worldwide Phenomenon
Hyperlexia
Receptive and Expressive Language
Short Term Memory and Reading Ability
Dyslexia and Memory Correlated
Types of Attention
Short-term Memory and Environmental Factors
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
From the Paper
"Genetic factors also play an important role in future reading and learning disabilities. Though the specific genetic influences such as identification of a phonological awareness gene have yet to be identified, certain lingual characteristics are inherited. Bishop studied a cohort of children from 86 families. The children presented with language impairments. The hereditary problems could be identified through a test of non-word repetition. Such a hereditary relationship was not found among respondents among respondents from the general population. The study concluded, that non-word repetition, inherited or not, is indicative of potential reading and learning disabilities."
| |
|
Memory, 2002.
An analysis of the results of a research study to examine the differences between age groups on three components of memory function.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses how as the baby-boom generation has aged, the study of aging has become progressively more important and as a result the field of gerontology has become mature and studies on the effects of aging on memory have been at the forefront of this growth. It examines the results of a research study that was conducted to examine the differences between age groups on three components of memory function. The components investigated were working memory, implicit/explicit memory, and semantic organization.
From the Paper
"The examination of aging and memory is now a heavily researched area. Recent studies have included investigations of age-related slowing of information processing in mental imagery tasks (Briggs, Raz, and Marks, 1999) and the influence of physical ailments such as hearing loss on both memory and memory-related tasks (Alain and Woods, 1999). Another area of scrutiny has been the differences in memory in younger and older people. Maki, Zonderman, and Weingartner (1999) recently completed a study that indicated that, while younger people performed better than older subjects on some memory tasks, the performance of the older respondents was better if their self-assessment of their memory was accurate, lending some more confirmation to the metamemory studies of Zelinski, et al."
| |
|
How Stress Affects Memory, 2007.
This paper explores stress and memory and how these two factors interact in various ways.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper offers the psychological and neurological definitions of stress and memory and explains how men and women handle stress in different ways. The paper looks at how teenagers of both genders may be especially vulnerable to stress. The paper studies the effect acute stress has on the short term memory and how chronic stress can negatively impact both short and long term memory of a sufferer in a permanent fashion. The paper provides suggestions on how to reduce stress and considers areas of future research.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
What is Memory?
What is Stress?
Gender, Age and Various Stressors
Acute Stress and Memory
Chronic Stress and Memory
How to Reduce Stress?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A memory is a kind of neurological activity of imprinting or retrieval. Different areas of the brain coordinate different areas of memory, such as phonological, or acoustic and linguistic memory, as opposed to visual and spatial memory. These different types of memory stimulate different areas of the brain. Intense personal memories appear to affect a particular structure of the limbic system of the brain, in addition to the hippocampus. This structure is called the amygdala and regulates human reactions to fearful situations."
| |
|
Aging, 2007.
An analysis of the subject of aging as it relates to physical health, life events, memory, intelligence and creativity, and personality.
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 59.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of aging. Using an interview previously conducted with a female senior citizen as a raw data source, this paper draws on these real-life experiences to illustrate scholarly research findings and theories with respect to the five key areas of human health and aging: physical health, life events, memory, intelligence and creativity, and personality. The writer points out that there are a range of factors associated with health and well-being among older individuals, however the writer shows that there is no clear association between aging and illness.
Outline:
Introduction
Physical Health
Life Events
Memory
Intelligence and Creativity
Personality
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While it may seem obvious that people's physical health declines with age, from a scholarly perspective there is considerable debate over how and why these physical changes occur. While the peak of health for most people lies in young adulthood, in general physical ailments increase with age and older people are more dependent for their physical health and well-being upon the medical system. The nursing sector is particularly engaged in care for the elderly."
| |
|
The Cognitive Aspects of the Aging Process, 2005.
Describes the effects that aging can have on the cognitive functions of the brain.
1,924 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 73 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper defines cognition and explains the effects of aging on the brain in relation to memory, attention, metacognition, effects on language and the effects of aging on the executive function and finally cognitive function in very old age.
Introduction
Causes
Overview of Findings in Relation to Cognition and Aging
Cognitive Aging and Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Environmental Support Indications
Health-Related Cognitive Function Impairment
Changes in Hormonal Levels Associated with Cognitive Decline
Medical Treatments Available
Dietary Changes
Lifestyle Changes
Nutritional Aids in Combating Cognitive Dysfunction
Summary
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Manifestations of the age-associated cognitive disorder may be in various forms including senility, loss of memory, Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Dementia is inclusive of diseases that involve nerve cell deterioration with loss in two complex behavior areas including language, memory, visual abilities, spatial abilities, and judgment."
| |
|
Nicotine: Learning and Memory, 2002.
An examination of the psychological and physiologial effects of nicotine on learning and memory.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 65.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper examines the extensive research which has been completed on the physiological effects of nicotine - the addictive substance found in cigarettes - on the human body. The paper discusses the findings of this research which shows that nicotine, although addictive, may have some properties that could be considered beneficial in regards to learning and memory, particularly some tasks involving the consumption of nicotine before the completion of a specific memory/learning task.
Subtitles:
Nicotine Metabolites and the Neuropharmacological Effects of Nicotine
Is Nicotine Beneficial in Cognitive Functions?
Nicotine Interactions: Possible Improvement of Working Memory in Rats Environmental Influence, Nicotine, and Short-Term Memory
From the Paper
"The study by Crooks and Dwoskin (1997) say that many people that smoke cigarettes because of the immediate stimulation on the CNS that elevates mood and arousal. Smoking cigarettes causes the tobacco to release nicotine metabolites, which are probably responsible for the main effects on the CNS. Nicotine metabolites are thought to effect dopaminergic neurotransmission, and thus creating pleasurable feelings and an increased state of arousal. Different subtypes of nicotine metabolites could be present in different types of tabacco, therefore yielding many different feelings and reactions by the CNS. The reaction by the CNS is thought to be caused primarily by the nicotine metabolites, and not the nicotine itself. (Crooks & Dwoskin, 1997)."
| |
|
Recovered Memory, 2008.
A discussion of recovered memory and repressed memory.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the mental faculty of recovered memory and the neurological mechanisms involved in retaining and recalling past experiences. It takes a particular look at the controversy among psychologists regarding repressed memory and whether or not it actually exists. The paper asserts that much scientific research supports the validity of repressed memory. The paper also points out, however, that this research does not address whether repressed memories are true or false, such as in the case of testimonies when dealing with abuses or crimes. The paper concludes that such accounts should indeed be taken very seriously and should be critically examined in relation to other evidence.
From the Paper
"False memories are memories that were distorted or even created within and outside of the therapeutic context. Patients with psychological distress see a therapist as a source of help in their search for an "effort at meaning" (Clansy, cited in Furtado, 2003). Patients' memory is extremely susceptible that the subtlest suggestion made by a doctor can alter or create false experiences such as memories of abuse. They can be created by the use of several techniques, such as recovered memory therapy, hypnosis, guided imagery, and dream interpretation (Davis, Loftus, & Follette, 2001). An experiment carried out by Dr. Nader and Dr. Shafe may give a neurobiological insight into how memories are updated. Using the fear conditioning process, they trained rats to associate a tone with an electric shock. Once the memory was consolidated, they presented the tone and immediately injected a drug that would inhibit the production of proteins. The fact that the animals reacted instead of freezing at the sound implied that the memories became vulnerable to suggestions, and that the production of new proteins were needed to store them back into long-term storage (Blakeslee, 2000)."
|
|
|
