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Shifting American Foreign Policy, 2004.
This paper looks at changes in American foreign policy.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this essay, American foreign policy is discussed. The writer examines how today, American foreign policy has begun to stray from its proud legacy of balanced diplomacy and legitimate action. The writer discusses that from 1945 through the end of the Cold War, containment and deterrence kept the U.S. out of a "hot" war of global proportions. The writer looks at how today, the doctrine of preemptive war threatens to undermine that prior objective.
From the Paper
"American foreign policy has undergone many a shift in the nearly six decades since the close of World War II. At that time the wake of Hitler's dark and illegitimate aggression against his neighbors and the Jews, had given the world reason for serious pause. The principle of might makes right had been thoroughly borne out and with disastrous results. In the immediate aftermath, the United States, working with Europe and in fact inspiring the Charter of the United Nations, established that in an increasingly dangerous world peace must ... "
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China and its Shifting Foreign Policy, 2002.
An overview of the changing foreign policy of China with a focus on the 1970s and the post Cold War era.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper will look at China in the international arena, focusing specially on its shifting foreign policy in the 1970s. Of all China's shifts in strategy, it is often argued that this one easily marked as the most important. For, it may have shifted the balance of power in the Cold War era and completely changed the face of international relations. Indeed, it will be shown that, though the shifts in Chinese policy in 1970 were unquestionably significant, taken in the course of the entire post-war era they were not completely unanticipated. In fact, it seems better to say that the quick move to side with the Americans was China's 'trademark' response in an effort to protect its own security interests. This assertion can only be understood with a greater understanding of China's post-war policy behaviour, to which the following section turns.
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Shift in U.S. Foreign Policy, 2003.
Discusses reasons behind America's shift in foreign policy towards Iraq and North Korea.
1,514 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
U.S. foreign policy is continuously evolving with each new president. However, for the most part, U.S. foreign policy has been based on the idea of containment. This idea of containment was quickly altered after the horrific attacks of 9/11. It appears the U.S. position on foreign policy was forced to change due to the revived ?hot spots? in the Middle East and Korea. This paper discusses U.S. foreign policy towards Iraq and North Korea; however, the main focus of this paper examines why U.S. foreign policy has shifted to preemption from containment. The paper includes quotes by President Bush and Colin Powell.
From the Paper
"Even with all these tensions, the U.S. continues to hold out that diplomacy will resolve the crisis on the Korean peninsula. The U.S wants open dialogue to be multilateral, involving South Korea, North Korea, Japan, and the Chinese. However, North Korea wants the talks to be unilateral between Pyongyang and Washington. The Chinese believe they are being rebuffed, and also believe that the peninsula ought to be nuclear weapons free. Chinese officials stated, ?This will give us an opportunity to say to the North Koreans and world we?re not going to be threatened? (Bush, 4)."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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The Foreign Policy of France, 2008.
An analysis of French foreign policy over the past ten years and a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years.
1,828 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper is written from the perspective of a senior analyst in the National Interests and Foreign Policies Group. It provides a foreign policy analysis and evaluation which focuses on French foreign policy over the past ten years. It also provides a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years. The paper examines the attitudes of other member countries and international organizations towards French foreign policy.
From the Paper
"Because of deteriorating relations between the United States and Muslim governments throughout the Middle East, France and other European powers such as Germany and Russia are recognizing that they must demonstrate leadership in the international community and make every effort to pursue diplomatic solutions. According to my analysis, Democratic control of the U. S. Congress, and recent calls by American leaders for a diplomacy and political solutions are providing France with an opportunity to take the initiative and play a leading international role in brokering peace agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, and some form of ceasefire in Iraq."
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy in Latin America.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the U.S. foreign policy towards Middle Eastern and Latin American countries before 9/11 and post 9/11. The foreign policy is analyzed, its inherent problems are highlighted, and a comparison of U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy towards Latin America is made.
From the Paper
"With all eyes turned toward Iraq and the Middle East, South America rarely makes the headlines in the United States. Except for perhaps tighter controls and security on U.S. borders and waterways since September 11th , it seems Latin foreign policies are not top priorities for Washington. However, recent events in October in Bolivia led to ?a massive mobilization of Indians and peasants?military crackdowns that left as many as 70 people dead?and led to the demise of the conservative Gonzalo S?nchez de Lozada government on Oct."
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U.S. Foreign Policy During the Vietnam War, 2000.
A look at how pre-Vietnam War U.S .foreign policy had strong links to the foreign policy in the Vietnam War.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American foreign policy before Vietnam and foreign policy in Vietnam, and shows how a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades.
From the Paper
"Though the foreign policies decisions that were instrumental in the Vietnam War were different from the policies that supported other international actions during the 20th century, including World War II and the Korean War, a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades. One of the most significant influencing factors in the policy developments of the Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administrations was the perceived threat of communism and the necessity of action to prevent its spread. This factor had been present in the development of foreign policy since before the First World War, and led to the perception of the necessity of force to stomp out its proliferation."
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Game Theory and Foreign Policy, 2003.
Examines the importance of game theory in analyzing foreign policy decision-making and outcomes and its compatibility with other foreign policy models and systems.
2,869 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
Game theory is the use of mathematical models to predict the outcome of a dispute or interaction between two or more independent actors. It has been applied in a wide range of contexts, including gambling, business and international relations. This essay examines the importance of game theory when analysing the foreign policy decision-making process. It argues that while simple games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma may not illuminate the process on their own, more complex models can offer a systemic device by which foreign policy can be analyzed more accurately.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most widely recognised game is the Prisoner's Dilemma, which examines the choices faced by two people arrested for the same crime, and observes the likelihood that they would both accuse the other one, and thus both go to jail. When used in foreign policy analysis, it is often used to describe the nature of arms races, or the possibility of nuclear fallout. This is a non-zero-sum game, a game where it is possible for both players to lose, or to win (as opposed to a zero-sum game, where one actor's gain is always equal to another actor's loss)."
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Russian Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares Russian foreign policy from the period 1950 to mid-1980 to the foreign policy of Russia from 1985 to the present.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the difference in Russian foreign policy between the periods of 1950 to 1985 and 1985 to the present. The paper explores the Cold War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the dynamics of Russia today, as well as how these factors influenced foreign policy.
From the Paper
"From an early age, Russia has always been different than its European counterparts. The geographical aspect of the country, especially, lends to its inherent differences. Located in the barren North of both Europe and Asia, Russia has always been faced with geographical and cultural barriers. These differences were accentuated in the early 20th century when Lenin and the Communist party overthrew the ruling Czar?a move that would change the political landscape of the country for almost a decade to come."
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Louis XIV and His Foreign Policy, 2004.
A discussion of Louis XIV's foreign policy and an analysis of whether his foreign policy was a success.
2,086 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the reign of Louis XIV in France, focusing mainly on his foreign policy and his decision to go to war. The writer looks at how successful King Louis was at expanding his own kingdom and increasing the borders of France, but at the same time, causing economic and political turmoil in his own country.
Contents
Thesis
Introduction
Analysis
Influence on Modern History
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Louis? previous successes proved to be his undoing - it made him over-confident and roused the whole of Europe against him. The Nine Years War was largely his fault. The War of Spanish Succession added disastrously to the debts already incurred, although France did not suffer territorially. The result was great suffering for the people of France. Whereas in 1680 Paris had awarded Louis the title "Great", news of his death in 1715 was greeted with relief - eloquent testimony to the failures of policy in the second half of his reign. The establishment of the modern frontiers of France was one of Louis great achievements, but the cost was arguably too high for his reign as a whole to merit the title "Great"."
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Turkish Foreign Policy, 2005.
Assesses the tensions in Turkey's post-Cold War era foreign policy.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
As Turkey has tried to find its place in the post-Cold War system, it has encountered problems stemming from its geopolitical position straddling both East and West. The paper shows that, in desiring both close ties to the West-particularly membership in the European Union and friendship with the USA, and Middle Eastern trade without involvement in Middle Eastern politics, it has frequently found itself at cross-purposes with regard to foreign policy. These competing goals of foreign policy have come to a head most notably in the Gulf War and the American invasion of Iraq. The paper shows that this situation is complicated by Turkish concerns over how foreign policy might affect the Kurdish population. The paper shows that the tensions between the competing goals of Turkish foreign policy-its eastern and western goals and its concern about how foreign policy might affect the Kurds--have caused some paralysis; Turkish foreign policy since the Cold War has been primarily reactive and in support of the status quo.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Kurds
The Gulf
The United States
The Middle East
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The biggest sources of competing goals in Turkish foreign policy are Turkey's concern over Kurdish nationalism and its position between East and West. Since the Cold War its concern over Kurds has been notably at odd with its alliance with the United States. Turkey's connection to the US has been winning out. The second source of tension, that of East and West, has intensified since the end of the Cold War. Since the 1950s, Turkey has tried to disengage from Middle Eastern politics and keeps its relationships in that region mainly economic, with the exception of Israel, with whom it has strategic and military ties."
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Foreign Policy Formulation, 2007.
A look at the the key factors that influence foreign policy decisions with reference to the foreign policy of Britain and Germany.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the varied and numerous factors and actors in international relations that influence foreign policy formulation in Britain and Germany. Transnational Organizations such as the UN and the EU are covered, along with NATO's role post WWII. Concepts such as 'chequebook diplomacy' are explained and also the emergence of a new national German interest post 9/11 is examined.
From the Paper
"The Anglo-American relationship is reputed to be the strongest bond to have existed between two independent sovereign nations, certainly in terms of foreign policy harmonization. The UK claims "a special relationship with the United States, not shared by others" (Kenneth Younger, 1964, p104), throughout Europe, although Germany shares some common interest with her through NATO, having occasionally stoically exhibited this commitment. "Germany prefers to compromise its tradition of military restrain, rather than weakening its reputation as a reliable partner within NATO" (Volker Rittberger, 2001, p179), as German participation in Kosovo demonstrated."
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U.S. Cold War Foreign Policy Failures, 2002.
This paper discusses that the foreign policy failures of the U.S. in Cuba and Vietnam were the results of a foreign policy based on Cold War ideology.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the American failures in Cuba and Vietnam in the 1960s were due in large part to the fear, arrogance and ignorance of Cold War containment policies that developed in the aftermath of World War II. The author believes that the problem was the assumption that all political and economic reform movements in Third World nations were not indigenous but were inspired instead by the evil Communist leaders of the Soviet Union. The author states that once this Cold War policy was in effect, no leader of the U.S. had the courage, wisdom or political independence to try to alter fully that policy.
From the Paper
"Kennedy certainly entered office under the pall of the same Cold War ideology and its containment policy, as evidenced by his "missile gap" rhetoric, his increase of advisors in Vietnam, and the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. It will never be known whether he would have averted a war in Vietnam, but his test-ban treaty with the Soviets, his denunciation of the CIA after the Bay of Pigs disaster, and his plan to withdraw some troops from Vietnam indicate at least a willingness to consider more flexibility in that policy."
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 2005.
This paper discusses U.S. foreign policy from 1900 to the present.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the military activities in the Philippines and Mexico signaled a change in the attitude of U.S. foreign policy from isolationism to imperialism. The author points out that the Second World War and the Cold War caused all of U.S. life to be filtered through the lens of foreign policy such as (1) the facilitation of grant programs such as the National Defense Student loans, (2) reliance on state and local governments for local infrastructure financing because federal monies were committed to Cold War foreign purposes and (3) the more rapid integration of the races at home due to the necessity of integration in the military to have enough troops to conduct overseas operations such as Korea, Vietnam and assorted smaller wars. The paper concludes that, today, there is no foreign policy agenda per se; Bush II is a tabula rasa, straddling two wings of the same party, like a feckless cowboy on two horses.
Table of Contents
U.S. National Foreign Policy Style, 1900 to the Present
U.S. Foreign Policy Domestic Context 1950
Changes over the Last Ten Years
From the Paper
"It would seem this attitude of foreign policy was written in stone. However, one of its early ardent supporters, Theodore Roosevelt, was among those who began to see that U.S. imperialism was not working. In the end, it was Wilson who noted that the drive for colonies contributed mainly to savage warfare. He concluded, in another sea-change manner that would influence U.S. foreign policy at least until another Roosevelt (Franklin Delano) entered the White House, that it would be best to "dismantle the colonial structure itself. His plan included self-determination for former colonies, international arms reduction, an open trading system to discourage economic imperialism, and a commitment to collective security through international organizations, what is now sometimes referred to as multilateralism." That drive, culminating in such bodies as the League of Nations and reluctant entry into further wars, would be the dominant attitude until the start of World War II."
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Is U.S. Foreign Policy Moral?, 2008.
This paper discusses whether considerations of morality have a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy.
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at America's past foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union and Communism. The paper also discusses the war against terrorism today and reveals that the true incentive behind the war in Iraq may have been financial, although there were moral victories attained as a result. The paper concludes that while morality should certainly have a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy, in recent years, the financial goals of the United States seem to outweigh the altruistic ones.
Outline:
Introduction
The Past and U.S. Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy and Communism
Morality, Foreign Policy, and Terrorism
Moral Victories May be the Outcome of Financial Gain
Conclusion
From the Paper
"United States foreign policy has always been about political relationships for financial gain combined with moral idealism (Fox 2000). Therefore, morality has played a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy, and should continue to do so. Whether this "morality" is genuine is questionable, and lately the U.S. has appeared to many to be the equivalent of a greedy bully, seeking financial benefits with no care for assisting the impoverished, oppressed, and/or those who may benefit from a morality driven U.S. foreign policy. These U.S. foreign endeavors are done under the guise of morality, which often result in more harm than good for the citizens of nations that such U.S. foreign policy is choosing to target, which is immoral in its very nature."
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